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Navani V, Graves MC, Mandaliya H, Hong M, van der Westhuizen A, Martin J, Bowden NA. Melanoma: An immunotherapy journey from bench to bedside. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:49-89. [PMID: 35551656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma gave science a window into the role immune evasion plays in the development of malignancy. The entire spectrum of immune focused anti-cancer therapies has been subjected to clinical trials in this disease, with limited success until the immune checkpoint blockade era. That revolution launched first in melanoma, heralded a landscape change throughout cancer that continues to reverberate today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moira C Graves
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Hiren Mandaliya
- Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Martin Hong
- Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Andre van der Westhuizen
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Edith St, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Navani V, Graves MC, Bowden NA, Van Der Westhuizen A. Immune checkpoint blockade in solid organ tumours: Choice, dose and predictors of response. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1736-1752. [PMID: 32384184 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has transformed outcomes across solid organ tumours. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the negative inhibitory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed-death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 axis can lead to deep and durable responses across several tumour streams in the advanced setting. This immunotherapy approach is increasingly used earlier in the treatment paradigm. A rapidly evolving regulatory, reimbursement and drug development landscape has accompanied this novel class of immunotherapy. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of patients respond meaningfully to these agents. Here we review how the underlying tumoural genomic, histological and immunological characteristics interact within various patient phenotypes, leading to variations in response to checkpoint blockade. Concurrently, we outline the clinical trial and real-world evidence that allows for appropriate selection of agent, dose and schedule in solid organ malignancies. An exploration of current trends in basic and translational research in immune checkpoint blockade accompanies a commentary on future clinical directions for checkpoint blockade in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moira C Graves
- University of Newcastle and Centre for Human Drug Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- University of Newcastle and Centre for Human Drug Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre Van Der Westhuizen
- University of Newcastle and Centre for Human Drug Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Calvary Mater Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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