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Yao H, Liu J, Zhang C, Shao Y, Li X, Yu Z, Huang Y. Apatinib inhibits glioma cell malignancy in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model by targeting thrombospondin 1/myosin heavy chain 9 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:927. [PMID: 34635636 PMCID: PMC8505401 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We determined the antitumor mechanism of apatinib in glioma using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) glioma mouse model and glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. The PDOX mouse model was established using tumor tissues from two glioma patients via single-cell injections. Sixteen mice were successfully modeled and randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 8/group): apatinib and normal control. Survival analysis and in vivo imaging was performed to determine the effect of apatinib on glioma proliferation in vivo. Candidate genes in GBM cells that may be affected by apatinib treatment were screened using RNA-sequencing coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases, and immunohistochemistry analysis of clinical high-grade glioma pathology samples. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed to assess gene expression and the apatinib-mediated effect on glioma cell malignancy. Apatinib inhibited the proliferation and malignancy of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) was identified as a potential target of apatinib that lead to inhibited glioma cell proliferation. Apatinib-mediated THBS1 downregulation in glioma cells was confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. Co-IP and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that THBS1 could interact with myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) in glioma cells. Simultaneous THBS1 overexpression and MYH9 knockdown suppressed glioma cell invasion and migration. These data suggest that apatinib targets THBS1 in glioma cells, potentially via MYH9, to inhibit glioma cell malignancy and may provide novel targets for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215007, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, Jiangsu, China.
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Cai X, Wei B, Li L, Chen X, Liu W, Cui J, Lin Y, Sun Y, Xu Q, Guo W, Gu Y. Apatinib enhanced anti-PD-1 therapy for colon cancer in mice via promoting PD-L1 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106858. [PMID: 32795895 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies confirm that anti-angiogenesis can increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy. In this study, we found that an angiogenesis inhibitor apatinib enhanced anti-PD-1 therapy for colon cancer in mice via promoting PD-L1 expression. Apatinib treatment upregulated PD-L1 expression in various colon cancer cells both at the mRNA and protein levels. Further, apatinib-treated cancer cells hampered activation and IFN-γ secretion of T cells in the co-culture system, which was reversed by the anti-PD-1 antibody. Based on this, the combination of apatinib with anti-PD-1 on colon cancer growth in mice was examined. The combination treatment showed more significant inhibition on the growth of transplanted tumors in mice than single-drug treatment. Overall, our study here showed the enhancement of anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model (CT-26 cells in Balb/c) by the angiogenesis inhibitor apatinib via upregulating PD-L1 expression as well as angiogenesis inhibition, which may provide a rationale for the combination of apatinib and anti-PD-1 antibody for colorectal cancer treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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