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Subrahmaniam HJ, Roby D, Roux F. Toward Unifying Evolutionary Ecology and Genomics to Understand Positive Plant-Plant Interactions Within Wild Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683373. [PMID: 34305981 PMCID: PMC8299075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a local environment, plant networks include interactions among individuals of different species and among genotypes of the same species. While interspecific interactions are recognized as main drivers of plant community patterns, intraspecific interactions have recently gained attention in explaining plant community dynamics. However, an overview of intraspecific genotype-by-genotype interaction patterns within wild plant species is still missing. From the literature, we identified 91 experiments that were mainly designed to investigate the presence of positive interactions based on two contrasting hypotheses. Kin selection theory predicts partisan help given to a genealogical relative. The rationale behind this hypothesis relies on kin/non-kin recognition, with the positive outcome of kin cooperation substantiating it. On the other hand, the elbow-room hypothesis supports intraspecific niche partitioning leading to positive outcome when genetically distant genotypes interact. Positive diversity-productivity relationship rationalizes this hypothesis, notably with the outcome of overyielding. We found that both these hypotheses have been highly supported in experimental studies despite their opposite predictions between the extent of genetic relatedness among neighbors and the level of positive interactions. Interestingly, we identified a highly significant effect of breeding system, with a high proportion of selfing species associated with the presence of kin cooperation. Nonetheless, we identified several shortcomings regardless of the species considered, such as the lack of a reliable estimate of genetic relatedness among genotypes and ecological characterization of the natural habitats from which genotypes were collected, thereby impeding the identification of selective drivers of positive interactions. We therefore propose a framework combining evolutionary ecology and genomics to establish the eco-genomic landscape of positive GxG interactions in wild plant species.
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Fréville H, Roumet P, Rode NO, Rocher A, Latreille M, Muller M, David J. Preferential helping to relatives: A potential mechanism responsible for lower yield of crop variety mixtures? Evol Appl 2019; 12:1837-1849. [PMID: 31548861 PMCID: PMC6752151 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Variety mixtures, the cultivation of different genotypes within a field, have been proposed as a way to increase within-crop diversity, allowing the development of more sustainable agricultural systems with reduced environmental costs. Although mixtures have often been shown to over-yield the average of component varieties in pure stands, decreased yields in mixtures have also been documented. Kin selection may explain such pattern, whenever plants direct helping behaviors preferentially toward relatives and thus experience stronger competition when grown with less related neighbors, lowering seed production of mixtures. Using varieties of durum wheat originating from traditional Moroccan agrosystems, we designed a greenhouse experiment to address whether plants reduced competition for light by limiting stem elongation when growing with kin and whether such phenotypic response resulted in higher yield of kin groups. Seeds were sown in groups of siblings and nonkin, each group containing a focal plant surrounded by four neighbors. At the group level, mean plant height and yield did not depend upon relatedness among competing plants. At the individual level, plant height was not affected by genetic relatedness to neighbors, after accounting for direct genetic effects that might induce among-genotype differences in the ability to capture resources that do not depend on relatedness. Moreover, in contrast to our predictions, shorter plants had lower inclusive fitness. Phenotypic plasticity in height was very limited in response to neighbor genotypes. This suggests that human selection in crops may have attenuated shade-avoidance responses to competition for light. Future research on preferential helping to relatives in crops might thus target social traits that drive competition for other resources than light. Overall, our study illustrates the relevance of tackling agricultural issues from an evolutionary standpoint and calls for extending such approaches to a larger set of crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Nicolas Olivier Rode
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRAIRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Muriel Latreille
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Jacques David
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
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Pélabon C, Albertsen E, Falahati-Anbaran M, Wright J, Armbruster W. Does multiple paternity affect seed mass in angiosperms? An experimental test in Dalechampia scandens. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1719-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Pélabon
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - E. Albertsen
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - M. Falahati-Anbaran
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - J. Wright
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - W.S. Armbruster
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- School of Biological Sciences; King Henry Building; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
- Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska; Fairbanks AK USA
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Crepy MA, Casal JJ. Photoreceptor-mediated kin recognition in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:329-38. [PMID: 25264216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cooperative interactions among kin have been established in a variety of biological systems, their occurrence in plants remains controversial. Plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were grown in rows of either a single or multiple accessions. Plants recognized kin neighbours and horizontally reoriented leaf growth, a response not observed when plants were grown with nonkin. Plant kin recognition involved the perception of the vertical red/far-red light and blue light profiles. Disruption of the light profiles, mutations at the PHYTOCHROME B, CRYPTOCHROME 1 or 2, or PHOTOTROPIN 1 or 2 photoreceptor genes or mutations at the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 gene required for auxin (growth hormone) synthesis impaired the response. The leaf-position response increases plant self-shading, decreases mutual shading between neighbours and increases fitness. Light signals from neighbours are known to shape a more competitive plant body. Here we show that photosensory receptors mediate cooperative rather than competitive interactions among kin neighbours by reducing the competition for local pools of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Crepy
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Falik O, Hoffmann I, Novoplansky A. Say it with flowers: flowering acceleration by root communication. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28258. [PMID: 24598343 PMCID: PMC4091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
Abstract
The timing of reproduction is a critical determinant of fitness, especially in organisms inhabiting seasonal environments. Increasing evidence suggests that inter-plant communication plays important roles in plant functioning. Here, we tested the hypothesis that flowering coordination can involve communication between neighboring plants. We show that soil leachates from Brassica rapa plants growing under long-day conditions accelerated flowering and decreased allocation to vegetative organs in target plants growing under non-inductive short-day conditions. The results suggest that besides endogenous signaling and external abiotic cues, flowering timing may involve inter-plant communication, mediated by root exudates. The study of flowering communication is expected to illuminate neglected aspects of plant reproductive interactions and to provide novel opportunities for controlling the timing of plant reproduction in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Falik
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Ishay Hoffmann
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Ariel Novoplansky
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
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Falik O, Hoffmann I, Novoplansky A. Say it with flowers: flowering acceleration by root communication. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28258. [PMID: 24598343 PMCID: PMC4091325 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The timing of reproduction is a critical determinant of fitness, especially in organisms inhabiting seasonal environments. Increasing evidence suggests that inter-plant communication plays important roles in plant functioning. Here, we tested the hypothesis that flowering coordination can involve communication between neighboring plants. We show that soil leachates from Brassica rapa plants growing under long-day conditions accelerated flowering and decreased allocation to vegetative organs in target plants growing under non-inductive short-day conditions. The results suggest that besides endogenous signaling and external abiotic cues, flowering timing may involve inter-plant communication, mediated by root exudates. The study of flowering communication is expected to illuminate neglected aspects of plant reproductive interactions and to provide novel opportunities for controlling the timing of plant reproduction in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Falik
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Ishay Hoffmann
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Ariel Novoplansky
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
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Schmid C, Bauer S, Müller B, Bartelheimer M. Belowground neighbor perception in Arabidopsis thaliana studied by transcriptome analysis: roots of Hieracium pilosella cause biotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:296. [PMID: 23967000 PMCID: PMC3743015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Root-root interactions are much more sophisticated than previously thought, yet the mechanisms of belowground neighbor perception remain largely obscure. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses allow detailed insight into plant reactions to environmental cues. A root interaction trial was set up to explore both morphological and whole genome transcriptional responses in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence or absence of an inferior competitor, Hieracium pilosella. Neighbor perception was indicated by Arabidopsis roots predominantly growing away from the neighbor (segregation), while solitary plants placed more roots toward the middle of the pot. Total biomass remained unaffected. Database comparisons in transcriptome analysis revealed considerable similarity between Arabidopsis root reactions to neighbors and reactions to pathogens. Detailed analyses of the functional category "biotic stress" using MapMan tools found the sub-category "pathogenesis-related proteins" highly significantly induced. A comparison to a study on intraspecific competition brought forward a core of genes consistently involved in reactions to neighbor roots. We conclude that beyond resource depletion roots perceive neighboring roots or their associated microorganisms by a relatively uniform mechanism that involves the strong induction of pathogenesis-related proteins. In an ecological context the findings reveal that belowground neighbor detection may occur independently of resource depletion, allowing for a time advantage for the root to prepare for potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmid
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Botany, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Bauer
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Botany, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Müller
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Botany, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Maik Bartelheimer
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Botany, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
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Fang S, Clark RT, Zheng Y, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Weitz JS, Kochian LV, Edelsbrunner H, Liao H, Benfey PN. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2670-5. [PMID: 23362379 PMCID: PMC3574932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222821110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Root system growth and development is highly plastic and is influenced by the surrounding environment. Roots frequently grow in heterogeneous environments that include interactions from neighboring plants and physical impediments in the rhizosphere. To investigate how planting density and physical objects affect root system growth, we grew rice in a transparent gel system in close proximity with another plant or a physical object. Root systems were imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. Root-root interaction strength was calculated using quantitative metrics that characterize the extent to which the reconstructed root systems overlap each other. Surprisingly, we found the overlap of root systems of the same genotype was significantly higher than that of root systems of different genotypes. Root systems of the same genotype tended to grow toward each other but those of different genotypes appeared to avoid each other. Shoot separation experiments excluded the possibility of aerial interactions, suggesting root communication. Staggered plantings indicated that interactions likely occur at root tips in close proximity. Recognition of obstacles also occurred through root tips, but through physical contact in a size-dependent manner. These results indicate that root systems use two different forms of communication to recognize objects and alter root architecture: root-root recognition, possibly mediated through root exudates, and root-object recognition mediated by physical contact at the root tips. This finding suggests that root tips act as local sensors that integrate rhizosphere information into global root architectural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Fang
- Department of Biology, Duke Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Randy T. Clark
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering and
- The Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | | | - Joshua S. Weitz
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; and
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- The Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Herbert Edelsbrunner
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Philip N. Benfey
- Department of Biology, Duke Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Fang S, Clark RT, Zheng Y, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Weitz JS, Kochian LV, Edelsbrunner H, Liao H, Benfey PN. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013. [PMID: 23362379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222821110/-/dcsupplemental] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Root system growth and development is highly plastic and is influenced by the surrounding environment. Roots frequently grow in heterogeneous environments that include interactions from neighboring plants and physical impediments in the rhizosphere. To investigate how planting density and physical objects affect root system growth, we grew rice in a transparent gel system in close proximity with another plant or a physical object. Root systems were imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. Root-root interaction strength was calculated using quantitative metrics that characterize the extent to which the reconstructed root systems overlap each other. Surprisingly, we found the overlap of root systems of the same genotype was significantly higher than that of root systems of different genotypes. Root systems of the same genotype tended to grow toward each other but those of different genotypes appeared to avoid each other. Shoot separation experiments excluded the possibility of aerial interactions, suggesting root communication. Staggered plantings indicated that interactions likely occur at root tips in close proximity. Recognition of obstacles also occurred through root tips, but through physical contact in a size-dependent manner. These results indicate that root systems use two different forms of communication to recognize objects and alter root architecture: root-root recognition, possibly mediated through root exudates, and root-object recognition mediated by physical contact at the root tips. This finding suggests that root tips act as local sensors that integrate rhizosphere information into global root architectural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Fang
- Department of Biology, Duke Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Heslop-Harrison JSP. Traits with ecological functions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:139-140. [PMID: 22723338 PMCID: PMC3380603 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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