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Toro-Tobón G, Alvarez-Flórez F, Mariño-Blanco HD, Melgarejo LM. Foliar Functional Traits of Resource Island-Forming Nurse Tree Species from a Semi-Arid Ecosystem of La Guajira, Colombia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131723. [PMID: 35807675 PMCID: PMC9269082 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Semi-arid environments characterized by low rainfall are subject to soil desertification processes. These environments have heterogeneous landscapes with patches of vegetation known as resource islands that are generated by nurse species that delay the desertification process because they increase the availability of water and nutrients in the soil. The study aimed to characterize some foliar physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits of three nurse tree species that form resource islands in the semi-arid environment of La Guajira, Colombia, i.e., Haematoxylum brasiletto, Pithecellobium dulce, and Pereskia guamacho. The results showed that H. brasiletto and P. dulce have sclerophyllous strategies, are thin (0.2 and 0.23 mm, respectively), and have a high leaf dry matter content (364.8 and 437.47 mg/g). Moreover, both species have a high photochemical performance, reaching Fv/Fm values of 0.84 and 0.82 and PIABS values of 5.84 and 4.42, respectively. These results agree with the OJIP curves and JIP parameters. Both species had a compact leaf with a similar dorsiventral mesophyll. On the other hand, P. guamacho has a typical succulent, equifacial leaf with a 97.78% relative water content and 0.81 mm thickness. This species had the lowest Fv/Fm (0.73) and PIABS (1.16) values and OJIP curve but had the highest energy dissipation value (DIo/RC).
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Olson ME, Anfodillo T, Rosell JA, Martínez-Méndez N. Across climates and species, higher vapour pressure deficit is associated with wider vessels for plants of the same height. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:3068-3080. [PMID: 32909290 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While plant height is the main driver of variation in mean vessel diameter at the stem base (VD) across angiosperms, climate, specifically temperature, does play an explanatory role, with vessels being wider with warmer temperature for plants of the same height. Using a comparative approach sampling 537 species of angiosperms across 19 communities, we rejected selection favouring freezing-induced embolism resistance as being able to account for wider vessels for a given height in warmer climates. Instead, we give reason to suspect that higher vapour pressure deficit (VPD) accounts for the positive scaling of height-standardized VD (and potential xylem conductance) with temperature. Selection likely favours conductive systems that are able to meet the higher transpirational demand of warmer climates, which have higher VPD, resulting in wider vessels for a given height. At the same time, wider vessels are likely more vulnerable to dysfunction. With future climates likely to experience ever greater extremes of VPD, future forests could be increasingly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito sn de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Department Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norberto Martínez-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Olson M, Rosell JA, Martínez‐Pérez C, León‐Gómez C, Fajardo A, Isnard S, Cervantes‐Alcayde MA, Echeverría A, Figueroa‐Abundiz VA, Segovia‐Rivas A, Trueba S, Vázquez‐Segovia K. Xylem vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling: ecological significance of porosity types and other traits. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olson
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Julieta A. Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Cecilia Martínez‐Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Calixto León‐Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Coyhaique 5951601 Chile
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université de Montpellier Montpellier 34398 France
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Herbier de Nouvelle‐Caledonia Nouméa 98848 New Caledonia
| | - María Angélica Cervantes‐Alcayde
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alberto Echeverría
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Víctor A. Figueroa‐Abundiz
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alí Segovia‐Rivas
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Santiago Trueba
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université de Montpellier Montpellier 34398 France
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Herbier de Nouvelle‐Caledonia Nouméa 98848 New Caledonia
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Karen Vázquez‐Segovia
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
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Fajardo A, Martínez-Pérez C, Cervantes-Alcayde MA, Olson ME. Stem length, not climate, controls vessel diameter in two trees species across a sharp precipitation gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2347-2355. [PMID: 31657018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Variation in xylem conduit diameter traditionally has been explained by climate, whereas other evidence suggests that tree height is the main driver of conduit diameter. The effect of climate versus stem length on vessel diameter was tested in two tree species (Embothrium coccineum, Nothofagus antarctica) that both span an exceptionally wide precipitation gradient (2300-500 mm). To see whether, when taking stem length into account, plants in wetter areas had wider vessels, not only the scaling of vessel diameter at the stem base across individuals of different heights, but also the tip-to-base scaling along individuals of similar heights across sites were examined. Within each species, plants of similar heights had similar mean vessel diameters and similar tip-to-base widening of vessel diameter, regardless of climate, with the slopes and intercepts of the vessel diameter-stem length relationship remaining invariant within species across climates. This study focusing on within-species variation--thus, avoiding noise associated with the great morphological variation across species--showed unequivocally that plant size, not climate, is the main driver of variation in vessel diameter. Therefore, to the extent that climate selects for differing vessel diameters, it will inevitably also affect plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique, 5951601, Chile
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - María Angélica Cervantes-Alcayde
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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Rosell JA, Olson ME. To furcate or not to furcate: the dance between vessel number and diameter in leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5990-5993. [PMID: 31738433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Lechthaler S, Colangeli P, Gazzabin M, Anfodillo T. 2019. Axial anatomy of the leaf midrib provides new insights into the hydraulic architecture and cavitation patterns of Acer pseudoplatanus leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 70, 6195–6202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado, Mexico
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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When Short Stature Is an Asset in Trees. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 34:193-199. [PMID: 30447938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With their imposing grandeur, the small number of very tall tree species attract a disproportionate amount of scientific study. We right this bias by focusing here on the shorter trees, which often grow in the shade of the giants and many other places besides. That tall trees are so restricted in distribution indicates that there are far more habitats available for small trees. We discuss some leading candidates for the mechanisms that limit maximum plant height in any given habitat, as well as why every habitat has a range of plant sizes. At least two attributes - greater adaptation capacity and higher drought resistance - suggest that the forests of the future belong to short trees.
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Olson ME, Soriano D, Rosell JA, Anfodillo T, Donoghue MJ, Edwards EJ, León-Gómez C, Dawson T, Camarero Martínez JJ, Castorena M, Echeverría A, Espinosa CI, Fajardo A, Gazol A, Isnard S, Lima RS, Marcati CR, Méndez-Alonzo R. Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7551-7556. [PMID: 29967148 PMCID: PMC6055177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721728115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in cold ones. Crucial in plant climate adaptation are the diameters of water-transporting conduits. Sampling 537 species across climate zones dominated by angiosperms, we find that plant size is unambiguously the main driver of conduit diameter variation. And because taller plants have wider conduits, and wider conduits within species are more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms, taller conspecifics should be more vulnerable than shorter ones, a prediction we confirm with a plantation experiment. As a result, maximum plant size should be short under drought and cold, which cause embolism, or increase if these pressures relax. That conduit diameter and embolism vulnerability are inseparably related to plant size helps explain why factors that interact with conduit diameter, such as drought or warming, are altering plant heights worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olson
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico;
| | - Diana Soriano
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Department Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106;
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106
| | - Calixto León-Gómez
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Todd Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140
| | - J Julio Camarero Martínez
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Matiss Castorena
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Alberto Echeverría
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto sn, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5951601 Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- Botany and Modelling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation Joint Research Unit, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Rivete S Lima
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900 Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Marcati
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 18603970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, 22860 Baja California, Mexico
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