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Stavrogianni K, Kitsos DK, Giannopapas V, Chasiotis AK, Christouli N, Paraskevas PG, Zompola C, Tsivgoulis G, Paraskevas GP, Giannopoulos S. Neuropsychological profiles comparison between Multiple Sclerosis patients and Multiple Sclerosis patients with overlapping features of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 387:578270. [PMID: 38176314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune disorders that may lead to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of patients with MS, and MS and coexisting SLE features. METHODS We included a total of 90 participants, divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with clinically definite relapsing remitting MS, 30 with coexisting MS and incomplete SLE (overlap group) and 30 healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and Selective Reminding Test (SRT). RESULTS Both groups scored lower on the MoCA compared to the HC (p < .001). The overlap group showed the lowest performance on the SDMT and PASAT compared to the other two groups (p < .01), while the MS group scored similarly to the HC in the PASAT (p > .05). Regarding the learning rate and long-term recall, the overlap group had lower scores compared to both the MS and HC (p < .001), but it outperformed both groups in the retention efficacy score (p < .001). The MS group did not differ significantly from the HC in these memory domains (p > .05). CONCLUSION The overlap group exhibited a broader range of impairments, including slower processing speed, decreased working memory, reduced learning rate, and long-term retrieval deficits. Their retention ability remained intact. The coexistence of MS with SLE pathology had additive impacts on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stavrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Kitsos
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giannopapas
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, Attica, Greece; Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, Attica, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Chasiotis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, Attica, Greece; Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, Attica, Greece
| | - Niki Christouli
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Megari K, Kosmidis MH. Protecting the Brain While Healing Hearts: The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve in Cardiac Surgery. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:195-204. [PMID: 37926673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the most significant complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). CABG patients frequently experience considerable postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), including decline in attention, orientation, memory, judgment, and social functioning. DESIGN These negative effects may potentially be resolved by a protective factor, cognitive reserve (CR) that has been considered to function as a buffer against the consequences of neuropathology. SETTING We explored the frequency of POCD and CR in coronary artery disease patients undergoing CABG. We hypothesized that high levels of CR would protect against POCD after cardiac surgery. PARTICIPANTS We assessed 101 patients before surgery, and 4 months after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with the use of extracorporeal circulation. MEASUREMENTS Measures of cognitive functions, CR, anxiety, and depression were included in the assessment. RESULTS Each patient was placed in the high (n = 50) or low CR (n = 51) group, based on median split. Chi-square tests effect showed that patients with low CR were more likely to a great extend to demonstrate postsurgical cognitive decline in attention, memory, visuospatial perception and executive functions than patients with high CR upon postsurgery neuropsychological assessment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CR can forecast neuropsychological outcomes of cardiac surgery, recognizing the patients with low CR and help them to participate to interventions programs that could slow cognitive aging or reduce the risk of dementia and enhance their overall postsurgical functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Megari
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Giannopapas V, Stavrogianni K, Christouli N, Kitsos D, Sideri E, Bakalidou D, Voumvourakis K, Papagiannopoulou G, Tzartos J, Paraskevas G, Tsivgoulis G, Giannopoulos S. Do cardiovascular disease comorbidities affect the cognitive function of Multiple Sclerosis patients? J Clin Neurosci 2023; 112:20-24. [PMID: 37031630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of multiple sclerosis, leading to disability in 40-70% of patients. The most common cognitive domains affected by MS are information processing speed, complex attention, executive functions and less frequently, episodic declarative memory. Cardiovascular disease comorbidities have been shown to increase the decline rate in many neurological conditions. Our study aims to examine the possible impact of CVD risk factors in the cognitive decline rate of PwMS. METHODS Over the course of a year, 248 PwMS with and without Cardiovascular comorbidity were cognitively evaluated using the written version of SDMT and the MoCA. RESULTS Compared to control, MS patients with comorbid CVD had greater general cognitive decline and decreased processing speed. Patients with comorbid diabetes and dyslipidemia had the highest impairment, followed by those with hypertension, compared to the control group and those patients with a high BMI. CONCLUSION The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and especially dyslipidemia increases the rate of cognitive decline in MS patients. In such cases, patients should be evaluated every 6 months instead of a year and the use of the SDMT is advised since it's time efficient,it requires minimal training and correlates with MRI findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Giannopapas
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, Greece; Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, Greece
| | - Konstantina Stavrogianni
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Christouli
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kitsos
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Sideri
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Daphne Bakalidou
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, Greece; Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Papagiannopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - John Tzartos
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Paraskevas
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital Greece, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Wilken J, Traboulsee A, Nelson F, Ionete C, Kolind S, Fratto T, Kane R, Gandhi R, Rawlings AM, Roesch N, Ozog MA, DeLuca J. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis initiating alemtuzumab in routine clinical practice: LEM-COG study results. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104677. [PMID: 37028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alemtuzumab is effective in reducing relapse rate and disability, but limited data exist on its effect on cognitive function in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). The present study assessed neurocognitive function and safety associated with alemtuzumab treatment in RMS. METHODS This longitudinal, single-arm, prospective study included people with RMS (aged 25-55 years) who were treated with alemtuzumab in clinical practice in the United States of America and Canada. The first participant was enrolled in December 2016. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to post-baseline (month [M] 12/24) in MS-COGnitive (MS-COG) composite score. Secondary endpoints included Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Selective Reminding Test (SRT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) scores. Depression and fatigue were assessed using Hamilton Rating Scale-Depression (HAM-D) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)/Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were assessed when available. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Descriptive statistics were used for the pre-specified statistical analyses. Since the study was terminated early (November 2019) because of operational and resource difficulties, post hoc analyses for statistical inference were performed among participants who had a baseline value and at least one complete post-baseline assessment for cognitive parameters, fatigue, or depression. RESULTS Of the 112 participants enrolled, 39 were considered as the primary analysis population at M12. At M12, a mean change of 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04, 0.45; p = 0.0049; effect size [ES]: 0.39) was observed in the MS-COG composite score. Improvements were observed in processing speed (based on PASAT and SDMT; p < 0.0001; ES: 0.62), as well as in individual PASAT, SDMT and COWAT scores. An improvement was also noted in HAM-D (p = 0.0054; ES: -0.44), but not in fatigue scores. Among MRI parameters, decreases in burden of disease volume (BDV; ES: -0.12), new gadolinium-enhancing lesions (ES: -0.41) and newly active lesions (ES: -0.07) were observed at M12. About 92% of participants showed stable or improved cognitive status at M12. There were no new safety signals reported in the study. The most common adverse events (≥10% of participants) were headache, fatigue, nausea, insomnia, urinary tract infection, pain in extremity, chest discomfort, anxiety, dizziness, arthralgia, flushing, and rash. Hypothyroidism (3.7%) was the most frequent adverse event of special interest. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that alemtuzumab has a positive impact on cognitive function with significant improvements in processing speed and depression in people with RMS over a period of 12 months. The safety profile of alemtuzumab was consistent with previous studies.
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 11:218-238. [PMID: 36993876 PMCID: PMC10046395 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability models posit that executive-functioning (EF) problems centrally affect future common (vs. rare) psychopathology symptoms. Conversely, scar theory postulates that depression/anxiety (vs. other psychopathology) symptoms centrally influence reduced EF. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional. We used cross-lagged panel network analysis to determine temporal and component-to-component relations on this topic. Community older adults participated across four time points. Cognitive tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed nine psychopathology and eight cognitive-functioning nodes. Nodes with the highest bridge expected influence cross-sectionally were agitation and episodic memory. Episodic memory had the strongest inverse relation with age. Agitation had the strongest negative association with global cognition. EF nodes tended to be centrally affected by prior depressed and anxious moods rather than influential on any future nodes. Heightened anxious and depressed mood (vs. other nodes) centrally predicted future decreased EF-related (vs. non-EF-related) nodes in older adults, supporting scar (vs. vulnerability) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Printza A, Boziki M, Valsamidis C, Bakirtzis C, Constantinidis J, Grigoriadis N, Triaridis S. Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175215. [PMID: 36079145 PMCID: PMC9457284 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case−control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 participants, 115 pwMS and 56 controls (age and sex stratified and matched to the patients), who reported smell, taste, and nasal breathing, and completed the Greek-validated questionnaires for nasal obstruction (NOSE), nasal-symptoms QoL (SNOT-22), and olfaction-associated QoL (QOD). The smell was assessed with the “Sniffin’ sticks” (odor threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) test, and total TDI). We recorded the pwMS disease characteristics (Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS, the disease type and duration), cognitive function, emotional status, fatigue, and impact of MS in everyday activities. A TDI < 30.75 (hyposmia) was detected in 30.8% of the patients. The patients’ OD and TDI scores were significantly lower than the controls’ (p = 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The hyposmia correlated with disease severity and duration. The EDSS score correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.299, p = 0.001) and TDI (r = −0.242, p = 0.01). The disease duration correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.305, p = 0.001, OI (r = −0.253, p = 0.008) and TDI (r = −0.3, p = 0.001). The information processing speed (SDMT) correlated with OD, OT, and TDI (r = 0.302, p = 0.002; r = 0.242, p = 0.016; r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The olfactory function is changing in MS in accordance with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Printza
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Boziki
- 2nd Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Valsamidis
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- 2nd Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Constantinidis
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Triaridis
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Fyndanis V, Messinis L, Nasios G, Dardiotis E, Martzoukou M, Pitopoulou M, Ntoskou A, Malefaki S. Impaired Verb-Related Morphosyntactic Production in Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence From Greek. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2051. [PMID: 32973621 PMCID: PMC7481395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A recent systematic review found that language deficits are not very common in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge about language abilities in MS. For instance, morphosyntactic production has not been explored adequately thus far. This study investigated verb-related morphosyntactic production in MS focusing on Greek, a morphologically rich language. Methods A sentence completion task tapping into the production of subject-verb agreement, time reference/tense, and grammatical aspect was administered to 39 Greek-speaking individuals with MS [25 individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS group) and 14 individuals with secondary progressive MS (SPMS group)]. The task included only regular verbs. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the ability of individuals with MS to produce the above-mentioned morphosyntactic categories. Results Overall, the RRMS and SPMS groups performed significantly worse than their matched control groups. Moreover, all four groups performed significantly worse on grammatical aspect than on subject-verb agreement and time reference. The difference between subject-verb agreement and time reference was not significant in any of the four groups. The overall performances of the RRMS and SPMS groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion Individuals with MS are impaired in verb-related morphosyntactic production. Moreover, the pattern of performance of individuals with MS is identical to that exhibited by neurologically healthy individuals. Thus, the production performance of individuals with MS on verb inflection differs from that of healthy controls quantitatively but not qualitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valantis Fyndanis
- Center for Multilingualism in Society Across the Lifespan (MultiLing), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Lambros Messinis
- Neuropsychology Section, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larisa, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Maria Martzoukou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Pitopoulou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Ntoskou
- Rehabilitation Unit for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury, "Demetrios and Vera Sfikas", Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sonia Malefaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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