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Baldessar P, de Brito CRC, Johann H, Schultz C, Peripolli V, Moreira F, Lucia T, Ulguim RR, Gasperin BG, Bianchi I. Long-acting injectable progesterone treatment prior to puberty induction in gilts. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 84-85:106807. [PMID: 37364520 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) has a pivotal role on female puberty attainment in most farm animals. However, there are no studies evaluating the effect of P4 treatment previously to boar exposure for puberty induction in gilts. Therefore, serum P4 concentration, estrus expression and reproductive performance after boar stimuli were evaluated in gilts intramuscularly treated with long-acting P4 before boar exposure. In Experiment I, prepubertal gilts received either 1 mL of saline (control) or intramuscular (I.M.) P4 treatment (150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg; n = 6 per treatment). Serum P4 concentration for P4-treated gilts was greater than for control gilts for at least 8 d for P4300 and P4600 groups (P < 0.05), but greater until after 16 d only for those treated with 600 mg (P < 0.05). In Experiments II (prepubertal) and III (peripubertal), gilts received either saline (control) or 300 mg P4 I.M. and those showing estrus signs were artificially inseminated (AI), whereas gilts without estrus expression were culled. In prepubertal gilts (Exp. II), estrus expression rate did not differ (P < 0.05) for control (79.1%; n = 110) and P4-treated gilts (81.5%; n = 108). In peripubertal gilts (Exp. III), although estrus expression did not differ between control (77.6%; n = 106) and P4-treated (69.6%; n = 102) gilts (P > 0.05), P4-treated gilts presented longer (23.1 ± 1.4 days) interval from treatment to estrus expression than control gilts (17.1 ± 1.3 days; P < 0.05). In Experiments II and III, the proportion of culled gilts with ovarian structures consistent with normal estrous cycles, farrowing rate, and litter size did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, I.M. treatment with 300 or 600 mg of long-acting P4 was efficient in maintaining high P4 concentrations in prepubertal gilts for at least 8 days. However, P4 treatment over this time interval did not benefit the reproductive performance of prepubertal and peripubertal gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldessar
- PPGPSA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C R C de Brito
- FiBRA, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - H Johann
- PPGPSA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C Schultz
- NEPPA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - V Peripolli
- PPGPSA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil; NEPPA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F Moreira
- PPGPSA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil; NEPPA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - T Lucia
- FiBRA, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R R Ulguim
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - B G Gasperin
- FiBRA, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I Bianchi
- PPGPSA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil; NEPPA, Instituto Federal Catarinense, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Ziecik AJ, Likszo P, Klos J, Gromadzka-Hliwa K, Knapczyk-Stwora K, Peltoniemi O, Gajewski Z, Kaczmarek MM. Atretic preovulatory follicles could be precursors of ovarian lutein cysts in the pig. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7758. [PMID: 37173342 PMCID: PMC10182091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cysts contribute to reduced reproductive performance in pigs. Unfortunately, the mechanism of lutein cysts formation remains unknown. Here, we compared the endocrine and molecular milieus of intact, healthy preovulatory follicles (PF), gonadotropin (eCG/hCG)-induced healthy and atretic-like PF, as well as gonadotropin-provoked and spontaneous ovarian cysts in gilts. Several endocrine and molecular indicators and microRNA were compared in walls of PF and cysts. Intact and healthy PF, showed high estradiol/androstendione and low progesterone levels associated with CYP17A1, HSD17B1, and CYP19A1 elevation and reduced StAR/HSD3B1 protein expression. In contrast, low estradiol/androstendione and high progesterone concentrations, accompanied by decreased CYP17A1, HSD17B1, CYP19A1 and increased HSD3B1 protein abundance, appeared in atretic-like PF, gonadotropin-induced and spontaneous cysts. High progesterone receptor (PGR) protein abundance was maintained in intact and healthy PF, while it dropped in atretic-like PF, gonadotropins-induced and spontaneous cysts. The atretic PF showed high level of TNFα compared to healthy PF. In conclusion, follicular lutein cysts could be recruited from atretic-like PF with lost estrogenic milieu and inability to ovulate. Ovulatory cascade was presumably disrupted by a low PGR and high TNFα levels associated with earlier luteinization of follicular walls. These results suggest a novel mechanism of lutein ovarian cysts development in pigs and, perhaps, other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Ziecik
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Pawel Likszo
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Klos
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gromadzka-Hliwa
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Knapczyk-Stwora
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Falceto MV, Suárez-Usbeck A, Tejedor MT, Ausejo R, Garrido AM, Mitjana O. GnRH agonists: Updating fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:571-582. [PMID: 36748111 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in swine reproduction can help increase genetic improvement and production efficiency. Different gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been developed to gain better control of follicular development, timing, and ovulation quality; therefore, they have been extensively used in FTAI protocols. This literature review resumes the most important characteristics of the physiology of follicular development and ovulation in sows, followed by a discussion about the hormonal alternatives available to induce ovulation (human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG; porcine luteinizing hormone, LH and GnRH agonists). Also, ovulation induction failures with GnRH agonists are described. Finally, current FTAI protocols with GnRH agonists are resumed and discussed. FTAI with GnRH agonists has proven to be an efficient, successful reproductive protocol that can be implemented in pig farms due to better knowledge of an endocrine system that regulates follicular development and ovulation and increased availability of several GnRH agonists that allow more efficient reproductive swine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Falceto
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez-Usbeck
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embriology and Animal Genetics, CiberCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Garrido
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Attainment of Sexual Maturity and Gonadotropin Priming in Gilts Determine Follicular Development, Endocrine Milieu and Response to Ovulatory Triggers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169190. [PMID: 36012455 PMCID: PMC9409084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The routine procedure of estrous cycle synchronization in pigs allows for the use of gonadotropins to stimulate ovarian activity. The applied protocols of eCG and hFSH priming similarly affected development of ovarian follicles in two classes 3−6 mm and >6 mm of diameter, however, the number of small follicles (<3 mm) was 2-fold higher in hFSH- than in eCG-primed prepubertal gilts. The attainment of sexual maturity increased concentration of estradiol, testosterone and androstenedione in the follicular fluid of hFSH/eCG-primed gilts, however, prostaglandin E2 and F2α metabolite increased in mature hFSH- and eCG-primed gilts, respectively. The maturity increased mRNA and/or protein expression of key steroidogenic enzymes, prostaglandin synthases or luteinizing hormone receptors in follicular walls. Both hormonal primers played a moderate role in affecting expression of steroidogenic enzymes in follicular walls. In vitro studies showed higher estradiol production in r-hLH (p = 0.04)- and r-hCG (p = 0.049)-stimulated follicular walls of mature gilts than in prepubertal hFSH-primed gilts. Both ovulatory triggers decreased the abundance of LHCG/FSH mRNA receptors in follicular walls, which mimic downregulation of these receptors by a preovulatory LH surge, confirmed in vivo. These data revealed the importance of sexual maturity in the protection of the estrogenic environment, and the selective, moderate role of eCG and FSH in the activation of steroidogenic enzymes in preovulatory follicles.
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Preparation of water-soluble altrenogest inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin derivatives and in vitro sustained-release test. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gonzalez-Ramiro H, Cuello C, Cambra JM, Gonzalez-Plaza A, Vazquez JM, Vazquez JL, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Gil MA, Lucas-Sanchez A, Parrilla I, Martinez EA. A Short-Term Altrenogest Treatment Post-weaning Followed by Superovulation Reduces Pregnancy Rates and Embryo Production Efficiency in Multiparous Sows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771573. [PMID: 34869743 PMCID: PMC8637542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although embryo transfer (ET) is a biotechnology ready for the swine industry, there are factors to be solved, the availability of embryo donors as one. Multiparous sows as donors ought to be considered since weaning is a natural and efficient method for estrus synchronization. In addition, superovulation treatments at weaning are effective in increasing the efficiency of donor embryo production. However, ET programs typically require more donors than those available from a single weaning, imposing grouping several weanings to establish a batch for ET. Since short-term administration of Altrenogest is effective in delaying estrus after weaning without effects on ovulation and embryo development, we investigated how Altrenogest combined with superovulation would affect reproductive parameters and embryo quality and quantity of weaned multiparous donor sows. The sows were administered Altrenogest from the day of weaning for 14 (SS-14 group; N = 26), 7 (SS-7 group; N = 31) and 4 (SS-4 group; N = 32) days. The sows were superovulated with eCG 24 h after the last administration of Altrenogest and with hCG at the onset of estrus. Sows not treated with Altrenogest that were superovulated with eCG 24 h post-weaning and hCG at the onset of estrus (SC group; N = 37) and sows with natural estrus after weaning (C group; N = 34) were used as control groups. The percentage of sows showing estrus within 10 days was not affected by the treatment, but the interval from Altrenogest withdrawal to estrus was longer (P < 0.05) in the SS groups than the interval from weaning to estrus in the controls. SS treatments increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of sows with ovarian cysts and the development of polycystic ovaries. The pregnancy and the fertilization rates, and the overall embryo production efficiency were also negatively affected by the SS treatments (P < 0.05). Interestingly, almost 70% of the structures classified as unfertilized oocytes or degenerated embryos in sows from the SS groups were immature oocytes. In conclusion, although superovulation of weaned sows was highly efficient, short-term administration of Altrenogest in combination with superovulation had negative effects on most of the reproductive parameters assessed, particularly affecting the overall efficiency of pregnancy and embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Gonzalez-Ramiro
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Research and Development, Grupo Agropor I+D+I, AIE, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josep M Cambra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Plaza
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose L Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Endocrine and molecular milieus of ovarian follicles are diversely affected by human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in prepubertal and mature gilts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13465. [PMID: 34188064 PMCID: PMC8242046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies are used to meet optimal reproductive performance or manage reproductive health. Although exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (A) are commonly used to trigger ovulation in estrous cycle synchronization, little is known about their effect on the ovarian follicle. Here, we explored whether hCG- and GnRH-A-induced native luteinizing hormone (LH) can affect the endocrine and molecular milieus of ovarian preovulatory follicles in pigs at different stages of sexual development. We collected ovaries 30 h after hCG/GnRH-A administration from altrenogest and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (eCG)-primed prepubertal and sexually mature gilts. Several endocrine and molecular alternations were indicated, including broad hormonal trigger-induced changes in follicular fluid steroid hormones and prostaglandin levels. However, sexual maturity affected only estradiol levels. Trigger- and/or maturity-dependent changes in the abundance of hormone receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) and proteins associated with lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis (e.g., STAR, HSD3B1, and CYP11A1), prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2 and PTGFS), extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP1 and TIMP1), protein folding (HSPs), molecular transport (TF), and cell function and survival (e.g., VIM) were observed. These data revealed different endocrine properties of exogenous and endogenous gonadotropins, with a potent progestational/androgenic role of hCG and estrogenic/pro-developmental function of LH.
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