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Moreno‐Martinez F, Mosing M, Senior M. Controlled mechanical ventilation in equine anaesthesia: Physiological background and basic considerations (Part 1). EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Moreno‐Martinez
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Mosing
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Senior
- Department of Equine Clinical Science Institute of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston, Cheshire UK
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Mosing M, Senior JM. Maintenance of equine anaesthesia over the last 50 years: Controlled inhalation of volatile anaesthetics and pulmonary ventilation. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:282-291. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mosing
- Murdoch University School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - J. M. Senior
- Department of Equine Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
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Tantry TP, Karanth H, Shenoy SP, Shetty PK, Bhandary S, Adappa KK. Sevoflurane versus isoflurane in shoulder arthroscopy in beach chair position in patients with prior interscalene brachial plexus block: A prospective randomised equivalency-based haemodynamic evaluation trial. Indian J Anaesth 2018; 62:793-801. [PMID: 30443063 PMCID: PMC6190411 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_376_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: There is a paucity of literature on comparative effects of different inhalational anaesthetics in beach chair position (BCP) for shoulder arthroscopy. We aimed to investigate and compare the haemodynamic effects, anaesthetic and surgical outcomes between two inhalational agents. Methods: In this randomised study, patients of age 18–60 years, were allotted to two groups (29, sevoflurane and 28, isoflurane) and received protocol-based anaesthesia. Intraoperatively, different haemodynamic and other data were recorded. Results: All mean of averages of individual subject's vitals were comparable between the groups [P = 0.681, 0.325, 0.803, and 0.051, respectively for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR)]. Higher mean HR was recorded for maximum readings of isoflurane (P = 0.028). Equivalency was observed for SBP, MBP, and DBP (P = 0.000, 002, and 0.027, respectively). Process capability indices indicated that sevoflurane had better values (Pp: 0.55 versus 0.41, Ppk: 0.35 versus 0.22) for SBP as with MBP (Pp: 0.62 versus 0.51, Ppk: 0.36 versus 0.33). For achieving optimal vision, higher pump pressures (PPs) were demanded by surgeon (P = 0.025) and higher differences observed between initial and highest PPs (P = 0.027), in isoflurane subjects. Multivariable analysis revealed that no continuous predictor was able to predict the quality of vision except additional pump flow factor, for both groups. Conclusion: Both inhalational agents demonstrated equivalent haemodynamic effects. Increased arthroscopic PP requirements were observed with isoflurane anaesthesia. Sevoflurane may be superior to isoflurane during BCP arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrivikrama Padur Tantry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Karanth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil P Shenoy
- Department of Urology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramal K Shetty
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Bhandary
- Department of Orthopaedics and Arthroscopy, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karunakara K Adappa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Review of hypoxaemia in anaesthetized horses: predisposing factors, consequences and management. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:397-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tantry TP, Karanth H, Shenoy SP, Ayya SV, Shetty PK, Adappa KK. Isoflurane versus sevoflurane with interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopic procedures: Value of process capability indices as an additional tool for data analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2016; 60:939-947. [PMID: 28003697 PMCID: PMC5168898 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.195488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypotensive anaesthesia reduces intra-articular bleed and promotes visualisation during arthroscopy. The haemodynamic effects of inhalational agents isoflurane and sevoflurane were studied extensively, and both were found to reduce mean arterial pressures (MBP) to an equivalent magnitude. We investigated the relative ability of isoflurane vis-a-vis sevoflurane to maintain the target systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic procedures. METHODS In a prospective randomised study, 59 patients in two groups of 30 and 29 patients each received concomitant general anaesthesia (1.2-1.5 MAC of isoflurane and sevoflurane) and interscalene brachial plexus block. Nitrous oxide was used in both groups. Intraoperatively, serial blood pressure recordings of SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MBP and heart rates were done at every 3rd min intervals. The manipulations needed to achieve target SBP (T = 90 mmHg) for optimal arthroscopic visualisation and treat unacceptable hypotensive episodes were noted. Conventional statistical tests and process capability index (PCI) evaluation were both deployed for data analysis. RESULTS Lower mean SBP and DBPs were recorded for isoflurane patients as compared to sevoflurane (P < 0.05, for mean, maximum and minimum recordings). Higher mean heart rates were recorded for isoflurane (P < 0.05). PCIs indicated that isoflurane was superior to sevoflurane in the ease of achieving target SBP of 90 mmHg as well as maintaining blood pressures in the range of 80-100 mmHg. CONCLUSION Isoflurane provides better intraoperative haemodynamic status vis-a-vis sevoflurane in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery with preliminary interscalene blockade. The PCI can be a useful additional medical data analysis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrivikrama Padur Tantry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Karanth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil P Shenoy
- Department of Urology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreekantha V Ayya
- Department of Quality, Infosys Limited, Electronics City, Phase 1, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramal K Shetty
- Department of Anaesthesiology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karunakara K Adappa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Canola PA, Valadão CA, Borges JHS, Canola JC. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Function During S(+)-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion in Dorsally Recumbent Halothane-Anesthetized Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hatz LA, Hartnack S, Kümmerle J, Hässig M, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. A study of measurement of noninvasive blood pressure with the oscillometric device, Sentinel, in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:369-76. [PMID: 25082169 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess accuracy of noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measured by oscillometric device Sentinel compared to invasive blood pressure (IBP) in anaesthetized horses undergoing surgery. To assess if differences between the NIBP measured by the Sentinel and IBP are associated with recumbency, cuff placement, weight of the horse or acepromazine premedication and to describe usefulness of the Sentinel. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study examining replicates of simultaneous NIBP and IBP measurements. ANIMALS Twenty-nine horses. METHODS Invasive blood pressure was measured via a catheter in the facial artery, transverse facial artery or metatarsal artery. NIBP was measured using appropriate size cuffs placed on one of two metacarpal or metatarsal bones or the tail in random order. With both techniques systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressures and heart rates (HR) were recorded. A mixed effects model compared the IBP to the NIBP values and assessed potential effects of catheter placement, localisation of the cuffs in combination with recumbency, weight of the horse or acepromazine premedication. RESULTS Noninvasive blood pressure yielded higher measurements than IBP. Agreement varied with recumbency and cuff position. Estimated mean differences between the two methods decreased from SAP (lateral recumbency: range -5.3 to -56.0 mmHg; dorsal recumbency: range 0.8 to -20.7 mmHg), to MAP (lateral recumbency: range -1.8 to -19.0 mmHg; dorsal recumbency: range 13.9 to -16.4 mmHg) to DAP (lateral recumbency: range 0.5 to -6.6 mmHg; dorsal recumbency: range 21.0 to -15.5 mmHg). NIBP measurement was approximately two times more variable than IBP measurement. No significant difference between IBP and NIBP due to horse's weight or acepromazine premedication was found. In 227 of 1047 (21.7%) measurements the Sentinel did not deliver a result. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE According to the high variability of NIBP compared to IBP, NIBP measurements as measured by the Sentinel in the manner described here are not considered as an appropriate alternative to IBP to measure blood pressure in anaesthetized horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Annina Hatz
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kümmerle
- Section of Surgery, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hässig
- Section of Herd Health, Farm Animal Departement, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fantoni DT, Marchioni GG, Ida KK, Belo JNB, Zoppa ALV, Silva LCLC, Ambrósio AM. Effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on cardiopulmonary parameters in horses undergoing elective surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:367-74. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Slack J, Boston R, Driessen B, Reef V. Effect of general anesthesia on plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy horses. J Vet Cardiol 2011; 13:163-9. [PMID: 21821476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia on plasma cTnI concentrations in horses. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two horses undergoing general anesthesia and either elective surgery or MRI without surgery were prospectively studied. Twenty-nine horses (22 surgical, 7 imaging) completed the study. Plasma cTnI concentrations were determined prior to anesthesia and at 6, 12 and 24 h following discontinuation of the inhalant anesthetic. RESULTS All horses had cTnI values within the reference range at all time points. Six horses (21%) developed detectable cTnI 6 or 12 h following anesthesia. Risk factors for detectable cTnI include increasing age and dorsal recumbency. Horses with detectable cTnI had significantly lower mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures than those without detectable cTnI. CONCLUSION Uncomplicated general anesthesia with or without surgery does not result in cardiac troponin I elevations above the reference range in the first 24 h postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Slack
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, USA.
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Wessler B, Madias C, Pandian N, Link MS. Short-term effects of ketamine and isoflurane on left ventricular ejection fraction in an experimental Swine model. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2011; 2011:582658. [PMID: 22347646 PMCID: PMC3262505 DOI: 10.5402/2011/582658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. General anesthesia is an essential element of experimental medical procedures. Ketamine and isoflurane are agents commonly used to induce and maintain anesthesia in animals. The cardiovascular effects of these anesthetic agents are diverse, and the response of global myocardial function is unknown.
Methods. In a series of 15 swine, echocardiography measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were obtained before the animals received anesthesia (baseline), after an intramuscular injection of ketamine (postketamine) and after inhaled isoflurane (postisoflurane). Results. The mean LVEF of an unanesthetized swine was 47 ± 3%. There was a significant decrease in the mean LVEF after administration of ketamine to 41 + 6.5% (P = 0.003). The addition of inhaled isoflurane did not result in further decrease in mean LVEF (mean LVEF 38 ± 7.2%, P = 0.22). Eight of the swine had an increase in their LVEF with sympathetic stimulation. Conclusions. In our experimental model the administration of ketamine was associated with decreased LV function. The decrease may be largely secondary to a blunting of sympathetic tone. The addition of isoflurane to ketamine did not significantly change LV function. A significant number of animals had returned to preanesthesia LV function with sympathetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wessler
- New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Marcilla MG, Schauvliege S, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F. Cardiopulmonary effects of two constant rate infusions of dexmedetomidine in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010; 37:311-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rainger JE, Dart CM, Perkins NR. Factors affecting the relationship between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures in the anaesthetised horse. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:13-9. [PMID: 20148820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of the duration of anaesthesia, position of recumbency, mode of ventilation, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of surgical procedure on the usefulness of capnometry as a measure of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P(a)co(2)) during general anaesthesia in horses. DESIGN A prospective study compared the P(a)co(2) values with those of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco(2)) in horses anaesthetised for elective or emergency surgical procedures. The difference between P(a)co(2) and ETco(2) (P(a)co(2)- ETco(2)) and the physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (V(D)/V(T)) were calculated. The effects of the study parameters on these variables was determined. RESULTS The agreement between P(a)co(2) and ETco(2) was poor. P(a)co(2)- ETco(2) and V(D)/V(T) during the first 60 min of anaesthesia was significantly less than after 60 min of anaesthesia. Mode of ventilation, position of recumbency, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of procedure did not have a significant affect on either value. CONCLUSIONS P(a)co(2)- ETco(2) in anaesthetised horses can be large, making ETco(2) unreliable as a predictor of P(a)co(2) and for assessment of pulmonary ventilation. For anaesthesia lasting less than 60 min at least one blood gas analysis of an arterial blood sample is required to assess P(a)co(2)- ETco(2). Arterial blood gas analysis should be repeated after 60 min of general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rainger
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
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de VRIES A, BREARLEY JC, TAYLOR PM. Effects of dobutamine on cardiac index and arterial blood pressure in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses under clinical conditions. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:353-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blissitt KJ, Raisis AL, Adams VJ, Rogers KH, Henley WE, Young LE. The effects of halothane and isoflurane on cardiovascular function in dorsally recumbent horses undergoing surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:208-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sousa MG, Carareto R, De-Nardi AB, Brito FLC, Nunes N, Camacho AA. Effects of isoflurane on echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:185-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Linardi R, Canola J, Valadão C. Cardiovascular assessment in horses sedated with xylazine or amitraz. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352008000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects due to intravenous (IV) xylazine (1.0mg/kg) or amitraz (0.1 or 0.4mg/kg) were evaluated in horses. Left ventricular function indexes, heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were measured by echocardiography. Second degree atrioventricular (AV) block was detected by electrocardiography. Invasive arterial blood pressure (AP) was also evaluated. All parameters were measured immediately before and during 60 minutes after drug injection. HR, CO, and second degree AV block were different between xylazine and amitraz-0.4mg/kg groups. Xylazine induced initial hypertension 10 minutes after injection, and hypotension was observed 30 minutes after amitraz-0.4mg/kg administration. Except for the second degree AV block which occurred only at five minutes, there was no change in the echocardiographic measurements after administration of amitraz-0.1mg/kg. Thus, amitraz-0.4mg/kg and xylazine (1.0mg/kg) induced similar cardiovascular side effects, but long-lasting action of amitraz-0.4mg/kg in the cardiovascular system was observed.
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Wagner AE, Miyake Y. Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:547-52. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ringer SK, Kalchofner K, Boller J, Fürst A, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. A clinical comparison of two anaesthetic protocols using lidocaine or medetomidine in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34:257-68. [PMID: 17567378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of two balanced anaesthetic protocols on end-tidal isoflurane (Fe'ISO), cardiopulmonary performance and quality of recovery in horses. DESIGN Prospective blinded randomized clinical study. ANIMALS Sixty-nine client-owned horses, American Society of Anesthesiologists category I and II, undergoing elective surgery. METHODS The horses were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg(-1)) IM 30-60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: in group L (37 horses) xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) and in group M (31 horses) medetomidine (7 microg kg(-1)) was administered IV for sedation. Anaesthesia was induced 5 minutes later with ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1)) and diazepam (0.02 mg kg(-1)) IV and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air (initial FIO2 0.40-0.50) and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of either lidocaine (2 mg kg(-1)/15 minutes loading dose followed by 50 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) (group L) or medetomidine (3.5 microg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (group M). If horses showed movement or nystagmus, additional thiopental or ketamine was administered. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), Fe'ISO and arterial blood gases were measured. Cardiac output was measured with the lithium dilution method in 10 (group L) and 11 (group M) horses every 45 minutes. Recovery was scored. RESULTS Heart rate and the cardiac index (CI) were significantly higher in group L with changes over time. In group M, MAP was significantly higher during the first 50 minutes. Group L needed more additional ketamine and thiopental to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia and Fe'ISO was significantly higher from 70 minutes. Recovery was longer in group M and of better quality. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In group M, maintenance of stable anaesthetic depth was easier and lower Fe'ISO was required to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia. Recoveries were longer but of better quality. The CI was higher in group L but cardiovascular function was generally well maintained in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K Ringer
- Equine Hospital, VETSUISSE Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Valverde A, Giguère S, Morey TE, Sanchez LC, Shih A. Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measured by use of partial carbon dioxide rebreathing or the lithium dilution method in anesthetized foals. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:141-7. [PMID: 17269878 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing method (NICO) or lithium dilution method (LiDCO) in anesthetized foals. SAMPLE POPULATION Data reported in 2 other studies for 18 neonatal foals that weighed 32 to 61 kg. PROCEDURES Foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end-tidal isoflurane and carbon dioxide concentrations, and CO. Various COs were achieved by administration of dobutamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine, and isoflurane to allow comparisons between LiDCO and NICO methods. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate. We allowed 2 minutes between measurements for LiDCO and 3 minutes for NICO after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 10 to 15 minutes at each CO. RESULTS 217 comparisons were made. Correlation (r = 0.77) was good between the 2 methods for all determinations. Mean +/- SD measurements of cardiac index for all comparisons with the LiDCO and NICO methods were 138 +/- 62 mL/kg/min (range, 40 to 381 mL/kg/min) and 154 +/- 55 mL/kg/min (range, 54 to 358 mL/kg/min), respectively. Mean difference (bias) between LiDCO and NICO measurements was -17.3 mL/kg/min with a precision (1.96 x SD) of 114 mL/kg/min (range, -131.3 to 96.7). Mean of the differences of LiDCO and NICO measurements was 4.37 + (0.87 x NICO value). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The NICO method is a viable, noninvasive method for determination of CO in neonatal foals with normal respiratory function. It compares well with the more invasive LiDCO method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Valverde
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Hallowell GD, Corley KT. Preoperative Administration of Hydroxyethyl Starch or Hypertonic Saline to Horses with Colic. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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