1
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Tabari F, Patron C, Cryer H, Johari K. HD-tDCS over left supplementary motor area differentially modulated neural correlates of motor planning for speech vs. limb movement. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 201:112357. [PMID: 38701898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is implicated in planning, execution, and control of speech production and limb movement. The SMA is among putative generators of pre-movement EEG activity which is thought to be neural markers of motor planning. In neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, abnormal pre-movement neural activity within the SMA has been reported during speech production and limb movement. Therefore, this region can be a potential target for non-invasive brain stimulation for both speech and limb movement. The present study took an initial step in examining the application of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the left SMA in 24 neurologically intact adults. Subsequently, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed speech and limb movement tasks. Participants' data were collected in three counterbalanced sessions: anodal, cathodal and sham HD-tDCS. Relative to sham stimulation, anodal, but not cathodal, HD-tDCS significantly attenuated ERPs prior to the onset of the speech production. In contrast, neither anodal nor cathodal HD-tDCS significantly modulated ERPs prior to the onset of limb movement compared to sham stimulation. These findings showed that neural correlates of motor planning can be modulated using HD-tDCS over the left SMA in neurotypical adults, with translational implications for neurological conditions that impair speech production. The absence of a stimulation effect on ERPs prior to the onset of limb movement was not expected in this study, and future studies are warranted to further explore this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabari
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Patron
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hope Cryer
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Karim Johari
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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2
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Castricum J, Tulen JHM, Taal W, Pel JJM, Elgersma Y. Visual-spatial and visuomotor functioning in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:362-374. [PMID: 36625000 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with visual-spatial and visuomotor deficits, which have not been studied well in adults with NF1. METHODS In 22 adults with NF1 and 31 controls, visuomotor functioning was assessed by measuring eye latency, hand latency and hand accuracy during visuomotor tasks. Visual-spatial functioning was assessed by measuring eye movement responses during the Visual Threshold Task. RESULTS The NF1 group had a significantly shorter eye latency than the control group and was less accurate in their hand movements during specific visuomotor tasks. The groups showed no differences in eye movement responses during the Visual Threshold Task and in hand latency during the visuomotor tasks. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to studies in children with NF1, we found no alterations in visual-spatial information processing in adults. Impairments in eye latency and hand accuracy during specific visuomotor tasks may indicate deficits in visuomotor functioning in adults with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castricum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H M Tulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Taal
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J M Pel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Colas JT, Dundon NM, Gerraty RT, Saragosa‐Harris NM, Szymula KP, Tanwisuth K, Tyszka JM, van Geen C, Ju H, Toga AW, Gold JI, Bassett DS, Hartley CA, Shohamy D, Grafton ST, O'Doherty JP. Reinforcement learning with associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions: fMRI at 3 T and 7 T. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4750-4790. [PMID: 35860954 PMCID: PMC9491297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The model-free algorithms of "reinforcement learning" (RL) have gained clout across disciplines, but so too have model-based alternatives. The present study emphasizes other dimensions of this model space in consideration of associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions. This "generalized reinforcement learning" (GRL) model, a frugal extension of RL, parsimoniously retains the single reward-prediction error (RPE), but the scope of learning goes beyond the experienced state and action. Instead, the generalized RPE is efficiently relayed for bidirectional counterfactual updating of value estimates for other representations. Aided by structural information but as an implicit rather than explicit cognitive map, GRL provided the most precise account of human behavior and individual differences in a reversal-learning task with hierarchical structure that encouraged inverse generalization across both states and actions. Reflecting inference that could be true, false (i.e., overgeneralization), or absent (i.e., undergeneralization), state generalization distinguished those who learned well more so than action generalization. With high-resolution high-field fMRI targeting the dopaminergic midbrain, the GRL model's RPE signals (alongside value and decision signals) were localized within not only the striatum but also the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, including specific effects of generalization that also extend to the hippocampus. Factoring in generalization as a multidimensional process in value-based learning, these findings shed light on complexities that, while challenging classic RL, can still be resolved within the bounds of its core computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron T. Colas
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- Division of the Humanities and Social SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Neil M. Dundon
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Raphael T. Gerraty
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Science and SocietyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Natalie M. Saragosa‐Harris
- Department of PsychologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karol P. Szymula
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Koranis Tanwisuth
- Division of the Humanities and Social SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. Michael Tyszka
- Division of the Humanities and Social SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Camilla van Geen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harang Ju
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro ImagingUSC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joshua I. Gold
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeNew MexicoUSA
| | - Catherine A. Hartley
- Department of PsychologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Neural ScienceNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Kavli Institute for Brain ScienceColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Scott T. Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - John P. O'Doherty
- Division of the Humanities and Social SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Tai RY, Zhu JD, Chen CC, Hsieh YW, Cheng CH. Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Response to Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke Survivors: An MEG Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101284. [PMID: 34679347 PMCID: PMC8533793 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Several brain regions are activated in response to mirror visual feedback (MVF). However, less is known about how these brain areas and their connectivity are modulated in stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the effects of MVF on brain functional connectivity in stroke patients. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 15 stroke patients who executed Bilateral-No mirror, Bilateral-Mirror, and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. The coherence values among five brain regions of interest in four different frequency bands were calculated from magnetoencephalographic signals. We examined the differences in functional connectivity of each two brain areas between the Bilateral-No mirror and Bilateral-Mirror conditions and between the Bilateral-Mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. Results. The functional connectivity analyses revealed significantly stronger connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex in the beta band (adjusted p = 0.04) and possibly stronger connectivity between the precuneus and primary visual cortex in the theta band (adjusted p = 0.08) in the Bilateral-Mirror condition than those in the Bilateral-No mirror condition. However, the comparisons between the Bilateral-Mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions revealed no significant differences in cortical coherence in all frequency bands. Conclusions. Providing MVF to stroke patients may modulate the lesioned primary motor cortex through visuospatial and attentional cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yi Tai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ding Zhu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3820) (Y.-W.H.); +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3854) (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3820) (Y.-W.H.); +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3854) (C.-H.C.)
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5
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Sarkheil P, Odysseos P, Bee I, Zvyagintsev M, Neuner I, Mathiak K. Functional connectivity of supplementary motor area during finger-tapping in major depression. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 99:152166. [PMID: 32182454 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychomotor disturbance has been consistently regarded as an essential feature of depressive disorders. Studying objectively measurable motor behaviors like finger-tapping may help advance the diagnostic methods. Twenty-five patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 15 healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements while tapping their index fingers. The finger-tapping (FT) task was performed by the right hand (the tapping frequency varied between 1, 2 and 4 Hz) or both hands either in synchrony or alternation (the tapping frequency varied between 1 and 2 Hz). A mixed-model ANOVA was used for between- and within-group comparisons of the task accuracy and fMRI percent signal change in the supplementary motor area (SMA) during 26-second sequences of finger-tapping. Furthermore, using seed-based correlation analyses we compared the connectivity of the SMA between the two samples. At the behavioral level, no significant group differences in FT performance between the patient and control groups was observed. The mean fMRI percent signal change of the SMA was significantly elevated at higher levels of speed in both groups. In the MDD group, an increased connectivity of the left SMA with the bilateral cortical and cerebellar motor- and vision-related regions was found. Most importantly, a decreased connectivity between the SMA and the basal ganglia was found at frequencies of 4 Hz. Our findings support the contention that, in depression, brain connectivity measures during motor performance may reveal deviant neural processes that are potentially relevant to measurable (bio)markers for individual diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Sarkheil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Panayiotis Odysseos
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ira Bee
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicin, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Martin K, Meeusen R, Thompson KG, Keegan R, Rattray B. Mental Fatigue Impairs Endurance Performance: A Physiological Explanation. Sports Med 2019; 48:2041-2051. [PMID: 29923147 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue reflects a change in psychobiological state, caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. It has been well documented that mental fatigue impairs cognitive performance; however, more recently, it has been demonstrated that endurance performance is also impaired by mental fatigue. The mechanism behind the detrimental effect of mental fatigue on endurance performance is poorly understood. Variables traditionally believed to limit endurance performance, such as heart rate, lactate accumulation and neuromuscular function, are unaffected by mental fatigue. Rather, it has been suggested that the negative impact of mental fatigue on endurance performance is primarily mediated by the greater perception of effort experienced by mentally fatigued participants. Pageaux et al. (Eur J Appl Physiol 114(5):1095-1105, 2014) first proposed that prolonged performance of a demanding cognitive task increases cerebral adenosine accumulation and that this accumulation may lead to the higher perception of effort experienced during subsequent endurance performance. This theoretical review looks at evidence to support and extend this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Martin
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Human Performance Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin G Thompson
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Keegan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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7
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Oliva R, Morys F, Horstmann A, Castiello U, Begliomini C. The impulsive brain: Neural underpinnings of binge eating behavior in normal-weight adults. Appetite 2019; 136:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Jung KI, Park MH, Park B, Kim SY, Kim YO, Kim BN, Park S, Song CH. Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume, Executive Function, and Insomnia: Gender Differences in Adolescents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:855. [PMID: 30696877 PMCID: PMC6351545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is an important region responsible for adolescent cognitive function and sleep, and their correlation is expected to show different patterns depending on age and gender. We examined the regional cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV), executive function (EF) and insomnia symptoms to identify their correlation and gender differences in adolescents. Data for a total of 55 subjects' (M = 31, F = 24, 14.80 ± 1.39 years old) were analyzed. The correlations between cerebellar regional GMV and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) subcategories showed that EF was better with larger GMV both in males and females. Far more overall correlations with cerebellar regions were observed in boys, with corresponding correlation strength being higher, and differences in localization were also observed in contrast to girls. Larger cerebellar GMV corresponded to better EF in adolescents. Insomnia did not influence the correlations between cerebellar regional GMV and EF, but more severe insomnia in boys correlated to smaller GMV in the right flocculonodular lobe. These results might implicate that the adolescent cerebellum is involved differently in EF dependent on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae On Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Morris A, Ravishankar M, Pivetta L, Chowdury A, Falco D, Damoiseaux JS, Rosenberg DR, Bressler SL, Diwadkar VA. Response Hand and Motor Set Differentially Modulate the Connectivity of Brain Pathways During Simple Uni-manual Motor Behavior. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:985-1000. [PMID: 30032347 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the flexible modulation of undirected functional connectivity (uFC) of brain pathways during simple uni-manual responding. Two questions were central to our interests: (1) does response hand (dominant vs. non-dominant) differentially modulate connectivity and (2) are these effects related to responding under varying motor sets. fMRI data were acquired in twenty right-handed volunteers who responded with their right (dominant) or left (non-dominant) hand (blocked across acquisitions). Within acquisitions, the task oscillated between periodic responses (promoting the emergence of motor sets) or randomly induced responses (disrupting the emergence of motor sets). Conjunction analyses revealed eight shared nodes across response hand and condition, time series from which were analyzed. For right hand responses connectivity of the M1 ←→ Thalamus and SMA ←→ Parietal pathways was more significantly modulated during periodic responding. By comparison, for left hand responses, connectivity between five network pairs (including M1 and SMA, insula, basal ganglia, premotor cortex, parietal cortex, thalamus) was more significantly modulated during random responding. uFC analyses were complemented by directed FC based on multivariate autoregressive models of times series from the nodes. These results were complementary and highlighted significant modulation of dFC for SMA → Thalamus, SMA → M1, basal ganglia → Insula and basal ganglia → Thalamus. The results demonstrate complex effects of motor organization and task demand and response hand on different connectivity classes of fMRI data. The brain's sub-networks are flexibly modulated by factors related to motor organization and/or task demand, and our results have implications for assessment of medical conditions associated with motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mathura Ravishankar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lena Pivetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dimitri Falco
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Steven L Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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10
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Pool EM, Leimbach M, Binder E, Nettekoven C, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Network dynamics engaged in the modulation of motor behavior in stroke patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1078-1092. [PMID: 29193484 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke patients with motor deficits typically feature enhanced neural activity in several cortical areas when moving their affected hand. However, also healthy subjects may show higher levels of neural activity in tasks with higher motor demands. Therefore, the question arises to what extent stroke-related overactivity reflects performance-level-associated recruitment of neural resources rather than stroke-induced neural reorganization. We here investigated which areas in the lesioned brain enable the flexible adaption to varying motor demands compared to healthy subjects. Accordingly, eleven well-recovered left-hemispheric chronic stroke patients were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Motor system activity was assessed for fist closures at increasing movement frequencies performed with the affected/right or unaffected/left hand. In patients, an increasing movement rate of the affected hand was associated with stronger neural activity in ipsilesional/left primary motor cortex (M1) but unlike in healthy controls also in contralesional/right dorsolateral premotor cortex (PMd) and contralesional/right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Connectivity analyses using dynamic causal modeling revealed stronger coupling of right SPL onto affected/left M1 in patients but not in controls when moving the affected/right hand independent of the movement speed. Furthermore, coupling of right SPL was positively coupled with the "active" ipsilesional/left M1 when stroke patients moved their affected/right hand with increasing movement frequency. In summary, these findings are compatible with a supportive role of right SPL with respect to motor function of the paretic hand in the reorganized brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Pool
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Martha Leimbach
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Ellen Binder
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Charlotte Nettekoven
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3, INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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11
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Archer DB, Kang N, Misra G, Marble S, Patten C, Coombes SA. Visual feedback alters force control and functional activity in the visuomotor network after stroke. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:505-517. [PMID: 29201639 PMCID: PMC5700823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modulating visual feedback may be a viable option to improve motor function after stroke, but the neurophysiological basis for this improvement is not clear. Visual gain can be manipulated by increasing or decreasing the spatial amplitude of an error signal. Here, we combined a unilateral visually guided grip force task with functional MRI to understand how changes in the gain of visual feedback alter brain activity in the chronic phase after stroke. Analyses focused on brain activation when force was produced by the most impaired hand of the stroke group as compared to the non-dominant hand of the control group. Our experiment produced three novel results. First, gain-related improvements in force control were associated with an increase in activity in many regions within the visuomotor network in both the stroke and control groups. These regions include the extrastriate visual cortex, inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area. Second, the stroke group showed gain-related increases in activity in additional regions of lobules VI and VIIb of the ipsilateral cerebellum. Third, relative to the control group, the stroke group showed increased activity in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, and activity in this region did not vary as a function of visual feedback gain. The visuomotor network, cerebellum, and ipsilateral primary motor cortex have each been targeted in rehabilitation interventions after stroke. Our observations provide new insight into the role these regions play in processing visual gain during a precisely controlled visuomotor task in the chronic phase after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Archer
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gaurav Misra
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shannon Marble
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carolynn Patten
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida and Malcolm-Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen A Coombes
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Lench DH, DeVries W, Hanlon CA. The effect of task difficulty on motor performance and frontal-striatal connectivity in cocaine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173:178-184. [PMID: 28260681 PMCID: PMC5896281 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition that chronic cocaine users have alterations in sensorimotor control that are positively related to low frontal-striatal connectivity within the motor system. These frontal-striatal motor circuits however, are modulated by circuits governing attention, which are also disrupted in cocaine users. This study's aim was to determine if sensorimotor control deficits are positively related to the difficulty of a motor task or exist independent of the increasing cognitive demand. METHODS Functional MRI data was collected from 40 individuals (20 non-treatment seeking chronic cocaine users, 20 age and gender matched non-drug using controls) as they mimicked an unpredictable finger-tapping sequence at various speeds. Dependent measures included task accuracy, percent BOLD signal change in sensorimotor regions of interest (ROIs), and functional connectivity (temporal correlations) between ROIs. RESULTS In both groups, as speed increased, the BOLD signal change increased in the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), cerebellum, and anterior cingulate cortex. Compared to controls, cocaine user SMA-Caudate and ACC-Putamen connectivity was lower at all speeds in the contralateral hemisphere. Furthermore, as speed increased there was a decrease in connectivity between additional ROI pairs among users. CONCLUSIONS These data support previous observations of sensorimotor performance deficits and dorsal frontal-striatal connectivity impairments among cocaine users. While previous studies demonstrate these deficits when performing a finger-tapping task at a single speed, we show that these same impairments exist at multiple levels of task difficulty. These data suggest that previously observed frontal-striatal connectivity in cocaine users during sensorimotor task performance are stable and not directly related to cognitive demands of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lench
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - William DeVries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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13
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How specialized are writing-specific brain regions? An fMRI study of writing, drawing and oral spelling. Cortex 2017; 88:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Turton A. Mechanisms for Recovery of Hand and Arm Function after Stroke: A Review of Evidence from Studies Using Non-Invasive Investigative Techniques. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802269806100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for recovery of motor function after stroke are largely unknown. New non-invasive techniques of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) have provided evidence for changes within the cortical motor areas and descending pathways after stroke in adult subjects. Reorganisation of the corticospinal tract originating from the damaged hemisphere is important for recovery of hand function. Some implications for occupational therapy are discussed.
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15
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Miller MW, Wolf EJ, Sadeh N, Logue M, Spielberg JM, Hayes JP, Sperbeck E, Schichman SA, Stone A, Carter WC, Humphries DE, Milberg W, McGlinchey R. A novel locus in the oxidative stress-related gene ALOX12 moderates the association between PTSD and thickness of the prefrontal cortex. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:359-65. [PMID: 26372769 PMCID: PMC4637246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in many common age-related diseases and is hypothesized to play a role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related neurodegeneration (Miller and Sadeh, 2014). This study examined the influence of the oxidative stress-related genes ALOX 12 and ALOX 15 on the association between PTSD and cortical thickness. Factor analyses were used to identify and compare alternative models of the structure of cortical thickness in a sample of 218 veterans. The best-fitting model was then used for a genetic association analysis in White non-Hispanic participants (n=146) that examined relationships between 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the two genes, 8 cortical thickness factors, and each SNP×PTSD interaction. Results identified a novel ALOX12 locus (indicated by two SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium: rs1042357 and rs10852889) that moderated the association between PTSD and reduced thickness of the right prefrontal cortex. A whole-cortex vertex-wise analysis showed this effect to be localized to clusters spanning the rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. These findings illustrate a novel factor-analytic approach to neuroimaging-genetic analyses and provide new evidence for the possible involvement of oxidative stress in PTSD-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Naomi Sadeh
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Logue
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spielberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Sperbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Steven A. Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Angie Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Weleetka C. Carter
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Donald E. Humphries
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - William Milberg
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Bonnelle V, Manohar S, Behrens T, Husain M. Individual Differences in Premotor Brain Systems Underlie Behavioral Apathy. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:807-819. [PMID: 26564255 PMCID: PMC4712805 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of physical engagement, productivity, and initiative—so-called “behavioral apathy”—is a common problem with significant impact, both personal and economic. Here, we investigate whether there might be a biological basis to such lack of motivation using a new effort and reward-based decision-making paradigm, combined with functional and diffusion-weighted imaging. We hypothesized that behavioral apathy in otherwise healthy people might be associated with differences in brain systems underlying either motivation to act (specifically in effort and reward-based decision-making) or in action processing (transformation of an intention into action). The results demonstrate that behavioral apathy is associated with increased effort sensitivity as well as greater recruitment of neural systems involved in action anticipation: supplementary motor area (SMA) and cingulate motor zones. In addition, decreased structural and functional connectivity between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and SMA were associated with increased behavioral apathy. These findings reveal that effort sensitivity and translation of intentions into actions might make a critical contribution to behavioral apathy. We propose a mechanism whereby inefficient communication between ACC and SMA might lead to increased physiological cost—and greater effort sensitivity—for action initiation in more apathetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Bonnelle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Sanjay Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.,Institute of cognitive neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Tim Behrens
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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17
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Walsh E, Oakley DA, Halligan PW, Mehta MA, Deeley Q. The functional anatomy and connectivity of thought insertion and alien control of movement. Cortex 2015; 64:380-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Imagining triadic interactions simultaneously activates mirror and mentalizing systems. Neuroimage 2014; 98:314-23. [PMID: 24825504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Balser N, Lorey B, Pilgramm S, Naumann T, Kindermann S, Stark R, Zentgraf K, Williams AM, Munzert J. The influence of expertise on brain activation of the action observation network during anticipation of tennis and volleyball serves. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:568. [PMID: 25136305 PMCID: PMC4117995 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In many daily activities, and especially in sport, it is necessary to predict the effects of others' actions in order to initiate appropriate responses. Recently, researchers have suggested that the action–observation network (AON) including the cerebellum plays an essential role during such anticipation, particularly in sport expert performers. In the present study, we examined the influence of task-specific expertise on the AON by investigating differences between two expert groups trained in different sports while anticipating action effects. Altogether, 15 tennis and 16 volleyball experts anticipated the direction of observed tennis and volleyball serves while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The expert group in each sport acted as novice controls in the other sport with which they had only little experience. When contrasting anticipation in both expertise conditions with the corresponding untrained sport, a stronger activation of AON areas (SPL, SMA), and particularly of cerebellar structures, was observed. Furthermore, the neural activation within the cerebellum and the SPL was linearly correlated with participant's anticipation performance, irrespective of the specific expertise. For the SPL, this relationship also holds when an expert performs a domain-specific anticipation task. Notably, the stronger activation of the cerebellum as well as of the SMA and the SPL in the expertise conditions suggests that experts rely on their more fine-tuned perceptual-motor representations that have improved during years of training when anticipating the effects of others' actions in their preferred sport. The association of activation within the SPL and the cerebellum with the task achievement suggests that these areas are the predominant brain sites involved in fast motor predictions. The SPL reflects the processing of domain-specific contextual information and the cerebellum the usage of a predictive internal model to solve the anticipation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Balser
- Institute for Sport Science, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Lorey
- Institute for Sport Science, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany ; Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pilgramm
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Naumann
- Institute for Sport Science, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Stark
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany ; Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster Münster, Germany
| | - A Mark Williams
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University London London, UK
| | - Jörn Munzert
- Institute for Sport Science, University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
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20
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Beets IAM, Gooijers J, Boisgontier MP, Pauwels L, Coxon JP, Wittenberg G, Swinnen SP. Reduced Neural Differentiation Between Feedback Conditions After Bimanual Coordination Training with and without Augmented Visual Feedback. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:1958-69. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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21
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Using hypnotic suggestion to model loss of control and awareness of movements: an exploratory FMRI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78324. [PMID: 24205198 PMCID: PMC3804629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeling of voluntary control and awareness of movement is fundamental to our notions of selfhood and responsibility for actions, yet can be lost in neuropsychiatric syndromes (e.g. delusions of control, non-epileptic seizures) and culturally influenced dissociative states (e.g. attributions of spirit possession). The brain processes involved remain poorly understood. We used suggestion and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate loss of control and awareness of right hand movements in 15 highly hypnotically suggestible subjects. Loss of perceived control of movements was associated with reduced connectivity between supplementary motor area (SMA) and motor regions. Reduced awareness of involuntary movements was associated with less activation in parietal cortices (BA 7, BA 40) and insula. Collectively these results suggest that the sense of voluntary control of movement may critically depend on the functional coupling of SMA with motor systems, and provide a potential neural basis for the narrowing of awareness reported in pathological and culturally influenced dissociative phenomena.
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22
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Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during complex whole body motor skill learning. Neurosci Lett 2013; 552:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Battery powered thought: enhancement of attention, learning, and memory in healthy adults using transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 3:895-908. [PMID: 23933040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews studies demonstrating enhancement with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of attention, learning, and memory processes in healthy adults. Given that these are fundamental cognitive functions, they may also mediate stimulation effects on other higher-order processes such as decision-making and problem solving. Although tDCS research is still young, there have been a variety of methods used and cognitive processes tested. While these different methods have resulted in seemingly contradictory results among studies, many consistent and noteworthy effects of tDCS on attention, learning, and memory have been reported. The literature suggests that although tDCS as typically applied may not be as useful for localization of function in the brain as some other methods of brain stimulation, tDCS may be particularly well-suited for practical applications involving the enhancement of attention, learning, and memory, in both healthy subjects and in clinical populations.
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24
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Herlihey TA, Black SE, Ferber S. Action modulated cognition: The influence of sensori–motor experience on the global processing bias. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Watanabe R, Higuchi T, Kikuchi Y. Imitation behavior is sensitive to visual perspective of the model: an fMRI study. Exp Brain Res 2013; 228:161-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Deeley Q, Oakley DA, Toone B, Bell V, Walsh E, Marquand AF, Giampietro V, Brammer MJ, Williams SC, Mehta MA, Halligan PW. The functional anatomy of suggested limb paralysis. Cortex 2013; 49:411-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Witt ST, Stevens MC. fMRI task parameters influence hemodynamic activity in regions implicated in mental set switching. Neuroimage 2013; 65:139-51. [PMID: 23079572 PMCID: PMC3523276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental set switching is a complex executive function that is required when the focus of attention must be altered in order to adapt to a frequently-changing environment. While there is generally acceptance that switching is subserved by a fronto-parietal network, there is a considerable lack of consistency across studies as to other brain regions involved in executing mental set switches. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study sought to determine whether paradigmatic design aspects such as stimulus complexity, motor response complexity, and stimulus ordering could account for the differences in reporting of brain regions associated with mental set switching across previous studies. Several brain regions, including the striatum and anterior cingulate, previously associated with mental set switching were found to be related more to resolving intra-stimulus interference conferred by increased stimulus complexity and increased motor response complexity than to executing the mental set switch. In considering stimulus ordering, defined as the number of non-switch trials preceding a switch trial, brain activity was not observed in the fronto-parietal regions typically associated with switching but rather in regions in the anterior prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and secondary visual cortices. Our results indicate that these important paradigm design aspects that are theoretically unrelated to set switching per se should be balanced and controlled for in future experiments, so as not to obscure clear identification of brain regions truly engaged in mental set switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne T. Witt
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Address: 200 Retreat Avenue, ONRC, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Address: 200 Retreat Avenue, ONRC, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Address: Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Memisevic H, Hadzic S. The Relationship between Visual-Motor Integration and Articulation Disorders in Preschool Children. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SCHOOLS AND EARLY INTERVENTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2013.771103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Right prefrontal activation as a neuro-functional biomarker for monitoring acute effects of methylphenidate in ADHD children: An fNIRS study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2012; 1:131-40. [PMID: 24179746 PMCID: PMC3757725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
An objective biomarker is a compelling need for the early diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as for the monitoring of pharmacological treatment effectiveness. The advent of fNIRS, which is relatively robust to the body movements of ADHD children, raised the possibility of introducing functional neuroimaging diagnosis in younger ADHD children. Using fNIRS, we monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of 16 ADHD children (6 to 13 years old) performing a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after MPH or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. 16 age- and gender-matched normal controls without MPH administration were also monitored. Relative to control subjects, unmedicated ADHD children exhibited reduced activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during go/no-go tasks. The reduced right IFG/MFG activation was acutely normalized after MPH administration, but not after placebo administration. The MPH-induced right IFG/MFG activation was significantly larger than the placebo-induced activation. Post-scan exclusion rate was 0% among 16 right-handed ADHD children with IQ > 70. We revealed that the right IFG/MFG activation could serve as a neuro-functional biomarker for monitoring the acute effects of methylphenidate in ADHD children. fNIRS-based examinations were applicable to ADHD children as young as 6 years old, and thus would contribute to early clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children.
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30
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Hemispheric asymmetries in goal-directed hand movements are independent of hand preference. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1815-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Raffin E, Mattout J, Reilly KT, Giraux P. Disentangling motor execution from motor imagery with the phantom limb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 135:582-95. [PMID: 22345089 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Amputees can move their phantom limb at will. These 'movements without movements' have generally been considered as motor imagery rather than motor execution, but amputees can in fact perform both executed and imagined movements with their phantom and they report distinct perceptions during each task. Behavioural evidence for this dual ability comes from the fact that executed movements are associated with stump muscle contractions whereas imagined movements are not, and that phantom executed movements are slower than intact hand executed movements whereas the speed of imagined movements is identical for both hands. Since neither execution nor imagination produces any visible movement, we hypothesized that the perceptual difference between these two motor tasks relies on the activation of distinct cerebral networks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and changes in functional connectivity (dynamic causal modelling), we examined the activity associated with imagined and executed movements of the intact and phantom hands of 14 upper-limb amputees. Distinct but partially overlapping cerebral networks were active during both executed and imagined phantom limb movements (both performed at the same speed). A region of interest analysis revealed a 'switch' between execution and imagination; during execution there was more activity in the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary motor cortex and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, while during imagination there was more activity in the parietal and occipital lobes, and the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. In overlapping areas, task-related differences were detected in the location of activation peaks. The dynamic causal modelling analysis further confirmed the presence of a clear neurophysiological distinction between imagination and execution, as motor imagery and motor execution had opposite effects on the supplementary motor area-primary motor cortex network. This is the first imaging evidence that the neurophysiological network activated during phantom limb movements is similar to that of executed movements of intact limbs and differs from the phantom limb imagination network. The dual ability of amputees to execute and imagine movements of their phantom limb and the fact that these two tasks activate distinct cortical networks are important factors to consider when designing rehabilitation programmes for the treatment of phantom limb pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Raffin
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Bellevue, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
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Jastorff J, Abdollahi RO, Orban GA. Acting alters visual processing: flexible recruitment of visual areas by one's own actions. Cereb Cortex 2012; 22:2930-42. [PMID: 22235032 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the effect of motor preparation/execution on the activation of visual cortical areas by action observation. We presented videos of human actors performing several fine manipulative actions (e.g., grasping) with the hand or foot, together with appropriate control stimuli. Subjects either responded in a central fixation task with the hand (A) or foot (B) or viewed the stimuli passively (C). Experimental conditions were arranged according to a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design with action, effector, and response as factors. Bilateral posterior parietal cortex was more strongly activated for action videos compared with controls during active runs (A or B) contrasted with passive runs (C). Two neighboring regions in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) were activated when the effector employed to respond in the task matched that displayed in the videos (A or B), independently of whether the stimulus was an action or a control. Neighboring regions in the right posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were also activated when the effector observed and that used to respond matched (A or B), but only for action videos, not controls. Our results indicate flexible modulation of visual areas during concurrent action observation and action execution/preparation, which was effector specific in the FG and MTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jastorff
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, K.U. Leuven Medical School, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shibasaki H. Cortical activities associated with voluntary movements and involuntary movements. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:229-43. [PMID: 21906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advance in non-invasive techniques including electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging has enabled investigation of control mechanism of voluntary movements and pathophysiology of involuntary movements in human. Epicortical recording with subdural electrodes in epilepsy patients complemented the findings obtained by the non-invasive techniques. Before self-initiated simple movement, activation occurs first in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and SMA proper bilaterally with some somatotopic organisation, and the lateral premotor area (PMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) mainly contralateral to the movement with precise somatotopic organisation. Functional connectivity among cortical areas has been disclosed by cortico-cortical coherence, cortico-cortical evoked potential, and functional MRI. Cortical activities associated with involuntary movements have been studied by jerk-locked back averaging and cortico-muscular coherence. Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation helped clarifying the state of excitability and inhibition in M1. The sensorimotor cortex (S1-M1) was shown to play an important role in generation of cortical myoclonus, essential tremor, Parkinson tremor and focal dystonia. Cortical myoclonus is actively driven by S1-M1 while essential tremor and Parkinson tremor are mediated by S1-M1. 'Negative motor areas' at PMA and pre-SMA and 'inhibitory motor areas' at peri-rolandic cortex might be involved in the control of voluntary movement and generation of negative involuntary movements, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shibasaki
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Van Impe A, Coxon J, Goble D, Wenderoth N, Swinnen S. Age-related changes in brain activation underlying single- and dual-task performance: Visuomanual drawing and mental arithmetic. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Premji A, Rai N, Nelson A. Area 5 influences excitability within the primary motor cortex in humans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20023. [PMID: 21603571 PMCID: PMC3095637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-human primates, Brodmann's area 5 (BA 5) has direct connectivity with primary motor cortex (M1), is largely dedicated to the representation of the hand and may have evolved with the ability to perform skilled hand movement. Less is known about human BA 5 and its interaction with M1 neural circuits related to hand control. The present study examines the influence of BA 5 on excitatory and inhibitory neural circuitry within M1 bilaterally before and after continuous (cTBS), intermittent (iTBS), and sham theta-burst stimulation (sham TBS) over left hemisphere BA 5. Using single and paired-pulse TMS, measurements of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were quantified for the representation of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Results indicate that cTBS over BA 5 influences M1 excitability such that MEP amplitudes are increased bilaterally for up to one hour. ITBS over BA 5 results in an increase in MEP amplitude contralateral to stimulation with a delayed onset that persists up to one hour. SICI and ICF were unaltered following TBS over BA 5. Similarly, F-wave amplitude and latency were unaltered following cTBS over BA 5. The data suggest that BA 5 alters M1 output directed to the hand by influencing corticospinal neurons and not interneurons that mediate SICI or ICF circuitry. Targeting BA 5 via cTBS and iTBS is a novel mechanism to powerfully modulate activity within M1 and may provide an avenue for investigating hand control in healthy populations and modifying impaired hand function in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Premji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navjot Rai
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aimee Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bernier PM, Grafton ST. Human posterior parietal cortex flexibly determines reference frames for reaching based on sensory context. Neuron 2011; 68:776-88. [PMID: 21092865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current models of sensorimotor transformations emphasize the dominant role of gaze-centered representations for reach planning in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Here we exploit fMRI repetition suppression to test whether the sensory modality of a target determines the reference frame used to define the motor goal in the PPC and premotor cortex. We show that when targets are defined visually, the anterior precuneus selectively encodes the motor goal in gaze-centered coordinates, whereas the parieto-occipital junction, Brodman Area 5 (BA 5), and PMd use a mixed gaze- and body-centered representation. In contrast, when targets are defined by unseen proprioceptive cues, activity in these areas switches to represent the motor goal predominantly in body-centered coordinates. These results support computational models arguing for flexibility in reference frames for action according to sensory context. Critically, they provide neuroanatomical evidence that flexibility is achieved by exploiting a multiplicity of reference frames that can be expressed within individual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Department of Psychology, Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Representation of virtual arm movements in precuneus. Exp Brain Res 2010; 208:543-55. [PMID: 21188363 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Santos NS, Kuzmanovic B, David N, Rotarska-Jagiela A, Eickhoff SB, Shah JN, Fink GR, Bente G, Vogeley K. Animated brain: a functional neuroimaging study on animacy experience. Neuroimage 2010; 53:291-302. [PMID: 20570742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research used animated geometric figures to investigate social cognitive processes involved in ascribing mental states to others (e.g. mentalizing). The relationship between animacy perception and brain areas commonly involved in social cognition, as well as the influence of particular motion patterns on animacy experience, however, remains to be further elucidated. We used a recently introduced paradigm for the systematic variation of motion properties, and employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural mechanisms underlying animacy experience. Based on individual ratings of increased animacy experience the following brain regions of the "social neural network" (SNN), known to be involved in social cognitive processes, were recruited: insula, superior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex bilaterally. Decreased animacy experience was associated with increased neural activity in the inferior parietal and inferior frontal gyrus, key constituents of the human "mirror neuron system" (hMNS). These findings were corroborated when analyses were based on movement patterns alone, irrespective of subjective experience. Additionally to the areas found for increased animacy experience, an increase in interactive movements elicited activity in the amygdala and the temporal pole. In conclusion, the results suggest that the hMNS is recruited during a low-level stage of animacy judgment representing a basic disposition to detect the salience of movements, whereas the SNN appears to be a high-level processing component serving evaluation in social and mental inference.
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Abstract
Theories of the representation of specific kinetic and spatiotem-poral features of movement range from the explicit assertion that temporal aspects of movement are not represented (Kugler et al. 1980) to the idea that they are represented and that they have neurophysiological correlates (Ivry & Corcos 1993; Ivry & Keele 1989). Jeannerod's thesis is that mental and visual images have common mechanisms and that there is a link between the image to move and the mechanisms involved with movement. The target article takes the position that certain parameters are coded in motor representations (sect. 4) but that the duration of an action is not one of them. This position is based on the work of Gottlieb et al. (1989b) and of Decety et al. (1989). Both these studies are worth considering in detail. In Note 1, Jeannerod suggests that: “in time-constrained tasks subjects control the amplitude parameter of force impulses, whereas in spatially constrained tasks the duration of the force impulse is affected by accuracy demands.” This is not exactly correct. Excitation pulse intensity (amplitude) is modulated both in tasks that require spatial and those that require temporal accuracy. Excitation pulse duration is modulated for changes in movement distance and inertial load. If subjects are required to be very accurate spatially, they will move at less than maximum speed for a given distance and this is achieved by lower levels of excitation intensity (Gottlieb et al. 1990).
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