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Šimić G, Krsnik Ž, Knezović V, Kelović Z, Mathiasen ML, Junaković A, Radoš M, Mulc D, Španić E, Quattrocolo G, Hall VJ, Zaborszky L, Vukšić M, Olucha Bordonau F, Kostović I, Witter MP, Hof PR. Prenatal development of the human entorhinal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2711-2748. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Vinka Knezović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Zlatko Kelović
- Department of Anatomy University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Mathias Lysholt Mathiasen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Alisa Junaković
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Milan Radoš
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Damir Mulc
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Giulia Quattrocolo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Vanessa Jane Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Francisco Olucha Bordonau
- Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana ES Spain
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
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Chen YS, Shu K, Kang HC. Deep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:53-70. [PMID: 33492288 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a prevalent disease in the elderly population. Past decades have witnessed the development of drug therapies with varying targets. However, all drugs with a single molecular target fail to reverse or ameliorate AD progression, which ultimately results in cortical and subcortical network dysregulation. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proven effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and other neurological diseases. As such, DBS has also been gradually acknowledged as a potential therapy for AD. The current review focuses on DBS of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). As a critical component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal ganglia, the NBM plays an indispensable role in the subcortical regulation of memory, attention, and arousal state, which makes the NBM a promising target for modulation of neural network dysfunction and AD treatment. We summarized the intricate projection relations and functionality of the NBM, current approaches for stereotactic localization and evaluation of the NBM, and the therapeutic effects of NBM-DBS both in patients and animal models. Furthermore, the current shortcomings of NBM-DBS, such as variations in cortical blood flow, increased temperature in the target area, and stimulation-related neural damage, were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Cong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Babić Leko M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:379-421. [PMID: 33785136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems in AD, emphasizing the importance of interactions between the serotonergic and the other subcortical modulatory systems during the progression of AD. In physiological conditions, all neurotransmitter systems function in concert and are interdependent at both the neuroanatomical and molecular levels. Through their early involvement in AD, cognitive and behavioral abilities that rely on their interactions also become disrupted. Considering that serotonin (5HT) regulates the release of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), any alteration in 5HT levels leads to disturbance of NA, DA, and ACh homeostasis in the brain. One of the earliest pathological changes during the prodromal phase of AD is a decrease of serotonergic transmission throughout the brain, with serotonergic receptors being also affected. Additionally, serotonergic and noradrenergic as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected. As the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is affected by pathological changes early in AD, and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit AD-related pathological changes, their connectivity also becomes altered in AD. Such disrupted interactions among neurotransmitter systems in AD can be used in the development of multi-target drugs. Some of the potential AD therapeutics (such as ASS234, RS67333, tropisetron) target multiple neurotransmitter systems to achieve the best possible improvement of cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD. Here, we review how serotonergic system interacts with other subcortical modulatory systems (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Scheef L, Grothe MJ, Koppara A, Daamen M, Boecker H, Biersack H, Schild HH, Wagner M, Teipel S, Jessen F. Subregional volume reduction of the cholinergic forebrain in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101612. [PMID: 30555006 PMCID: PMC6413297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients are considered as a risk population for preclinical Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Supporting this idea, previous studies in SCD populations report subtle alterations in various cognitive and neuroimaging biomarkers that are typically affected during AD progression. To extend these observations, the present study examined whether SCD patients show atrophy of cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei (chBFN), analogous with recent findings in prodromal and clinical AD patients. We assessed volume reductions of the chBFN in 24 SCD subjects compared to 49 matched controls on 3D-T1-weighted MR images based on a postmortem derived atlas. Furthermore, we assessed whether chBFN atrophy was linked with cognitive, structural and metabolic biomarker alterations we previously reported in this SCD cohort: Using correlation analyses we tested for associations between the volumes of the chBFN with the hippocampal gray matter volume, and posterior medial glucose consumption, and the trajectory of verbal memory performance. The SCD cases showed a significant total volume reduction of the chBFN, with largest effect sizes in the Ch1/2 and Ch4p subdivisions of the chBFN. The latter was associated with a reduced glucose metabolism in the precuneus for the SCD group only. These data show an early involvement of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei in SCD predominantly in Ch1/2 and Ch4p which supports the conceptual link between SCD and preclinical AD. Cholinergic forebrain shows atrophy in SCD. Ch12 and posterior part of Nucl. Basalis Meynert (Ch4p) show largest effect size. Atrophy of the Ch4p correlates with reduced glucose metabolism in precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Scheef
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Koppara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Biersack
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans H Schild
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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Kumbhare D, Palys V, Toms J, Wickramasinghe CS, Amarasinghe K, Manic M, Hughes E, Holloway KL. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Stimulation for Dementia: Theoretical and Technical Considerations. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:614. [PMID: 30233297 PMCID: PMC6130053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is currently being evaluated as a potential therapy to improve memory and overall cognitive function in dementia. Although, the animal literature has demonstrated robust improvement in cognitive functions, phase 1 trial results in humans have not been as clear-cut. We hypothesize that this may reflect differences in electrode location within the NBM, type and timing of stimulation, and the lack of a biomarker for determining the stimulation's effectiveness in real time. In this article, we propose a methodology to address these issues in an effort to effectively interface with this powerful cognitive nucleus for the treatment of dementia. Specifically, we propose the use of diffusion tensor imaging to identify the nucleus and its tracts, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to identify the physiologic response to stimulation during programming, and investigation of stimulation parameters that incorporate the phase locking and cross frequency coupling of gamma and slower oscillations characteristic of the NBM's innate physiology. We propose that modulating the baseline gamma burst stimulation frequency, specifically with a slower rhythm such as theta or delta will pose more effective coupling between NBM and different cortical regions involved in many learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumbhare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- McGuire Research Institute, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Viktoras Palys
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Kasun Amarasinghe
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Milos Manic
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Evan Hughes
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Holloway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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Grothe MJ, Kilimann I, Grinberg L, Heinsen H, Teipel S. In Vivo Volumetry of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain. NEUROMETHODS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7674-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Šimić G, Babić Leko M, Wray S, Harrington CR, Delalle I, Jovanov-Milošević N, Bažadona D, Buée L, de Silva R, Di Giovanni G, Wischik CM, Hof PR. Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:101-138. [PMID: 27084356 PMCID: PMC5061605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
None of the proposed mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) fully explains the distribution patterns of the neuropathological changes at the cellular and regional levels, and their clinical correlates. One aspect of this problem lies in the complex genetic, epigenetic, and environmental landscape of AD: early-onset AD is often familial with autosomal dominant inheritance, while the vast majority of AD cases are late-onset, with the ε4 variant of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) known to confer a 5-20 fold increased risk with partial penetrance. Mechanisms by which genetic variants and environmental factors influence the development of AD pathological changes, especially neurofibrillary degeneration, are not yet known. Here we review current knowledge of the involvement of the monoaminergic systems in AD. The changes in the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, and melatonergic systems in AD are briefly described. We also summarize the possibilities for monoamine-based treatment in AD. Besides neuropathologic AD criteria that include the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), special emphasis is given to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Both of these brainstem nuclei are among the first to be affected by tau protein abnormalities in the course of sporadic AD, causing behavioral and cognitive symptoms of variable severity. The possibility that most of the tangle-bearing neurons of the LC and DRN may release amyloid β as well as soluble monomeric or oligomeric tau protein trans-synaptically by their diffuse projections to the cerebral cortex emphasizes their selective vulnerability and warrants further investigations of the monoaminergic systems in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Selina Wray
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Ivana Delalle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nataša Jovanov-Milošević
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danira Bažadona
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cholinergic depletion and basal forebrain volume in primary progressive aphasia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 13:271-279. [PMID: 28018854 PMCID: PMC5176031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a heterogeneous syndrome with various neuropathological causes for which no medical treatment with proven efficacy exists. Basal forebrain (BF) volume loss has been reported in PPA but its relation to cholinergic depletion is still unclear. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether cholinergic alterations occur in PPA variants and how this relates to BF volume loss. An academic memory clinic based consecutive series of 11 PPA patients (five with the semantic variant (SV), four with the logopenic variant (LV) and two with the nonfluent variant (NFV)) participated in this cross-sectional in vivo PET imaging study together with 10 healthy control subjects. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was quantitatively measured in the neo- and allocortex using N-[11C]-Methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate (PMP)-PET with arterial sampling and metabolite correction. Whole brain and BF volumes were quantified using voxel-based morphometry on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In the PPA group, only LV cases showed decreases in AChE activity levels compared to controls. Surprisingly, a substantial number of SV cases showed significant AChE activity increases compared to controls. BF volume did not correlate with AChE activity levels in PPA. To conclude, in our sample of PPA patients, LV but not SV was associated with cholinergic depletion. BF atrophy in PPA does not imply cholinergic depletion. Using PET we examined cholinesterase activity in PPA. Cholinergic depletion occurred in the logopenic variant. Basal forebrain atrophy mainly occurred in the semantic variant. Cholinergic depletion did not correlate with basal forebrain atrophy. Unexpectedly, semantic variant was associated with cholinergic activity increases.
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9
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Teipel S, Grothe MJ. Association Between Smoking and Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Volume in Healthy Aging and Prodromal and Dementia Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:1443-51. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-151100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
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Lammers F, Mobascher A, Musso F, Shah NJ, Warbrick T, Zaborszky L, Winterer G. Effects of Ncl. Basalis Meynert volume on the Trail-Making-Test are restricted to the left hemisphere. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00421. [PMID: 27110442 PMCID: PMC4834944 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical acetylcholine released from cells in the basal forebrain facilitates cue detection and improves attentional performance. Cholinergic fibres to the cortex originate from the CH4 cell group, sometimes referred to as the Nucleus basalis of Meynert and the Nucleus subputaminalis of Ayala. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of volumes of cholinergic nuclei on attention and executive function. METHODS The volumes of CH4 and CH4p subregions were measured in a subgroup of 38 subjects (33.5 ± 11 years, 20 females) from a population-based cohort study of smokers and never-smokers who have undergone additional MR imaging. To define regions of interest, we applied a DARTEL-based procedure implemented in SPM8 and a validated probabilistic map of the basal forebrain. Attention and executive function were measured with Trail-Making Test (TMT A+B) and Stroop-Task. RESULTS We found a quadratic effect of the left CH4 subregion on performance of the TMT. Extremely small as well as extremely large volumes are associated with poor test performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a small CH4 volume predisposes for a hypocholinergic state, whereas an extremely large volume predisposes for a hypercholinergic state. Both extremes have detrimental effects on attention. Comparable nonlinear effects have already been reported in pharmacological studies on the effects cholinergic agonists on attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lammers
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine Charité - University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Arian Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Francesco Musso
- Department of Psychiatry Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Nadim Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany; Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Tracy Warbrick
- Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Centre for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey 07102
| | - Georg Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Centre (ECRC) Charité - University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany; Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH Biotech Park Berlin-Buch Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
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Liu AKL, Chang RCC, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SM. Nucleus basalis of Meynert revisited: anatomy, history and differential involvement in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:527-40. [PMID: 25633602 PMCID: PMC4366544 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that neuronal loss within the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) correlates with cognitive decline in dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Friedrich Lewy first observed his eponymous inclusion bodies in the nbM of postmortem brain tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cell loss in this area can be at least as extensive as that seen in AD. There has been confusion with regard to the terminology and exact localisation of the nbM within the human basal forebrain for decades due to the diffuse and broad structure of this "nucleus". Also, while topographical projections from the nbM have been mapped out in subhuman primates, no direct clinicopathological correlations between subregional nbM and cortical pathology and specific cognitive profile decline have been performed in human tissue. Here, we review the evolution of the term nbM and the importance of standardised nbM sampling for neuropathological studies. Extensive review of the literature suggests that there is a caudorostral pattern of neuronal loss within the nbM in AD brains. However, the findings in PD are less clear due to the limited number of studies performed. Given the differing neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits in Lewy body-associated dementias (PD dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies) as compared to AD, we hypothesise that a different pattern of neuronal loss will be found in the nbM of Lewy body disease brains. Understanding the functional significance of the subregions of the nbM could prove important in elucidating the pathogenesis of dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan King Lun Liu
- Neuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK,
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Atrophy of the cholinergic basal forebrain in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. J Neurol 2014; 261:1939-48. [PMID: 25059393 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Brain atrophy in primary progressive aphasia involves the cholinergic basal forebrain and Ayala's nucleus. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:187-94. [PMID: 24434193 PMCID: PMC4086659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by left hemispheric frontotemporal cortical atrophy. Evidence from anatomical studies suggests that the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP), a subnucleus of the cholinergic basal forebrain, may be involved in the pathological process of PPA. Therefore, we studied the pattern of cortical and basal forebrain atrophy in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PPA and 18 healthy age-matched controls using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We determined the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei according to Mesulam's nomenclature and the NSP in MRI reference space based on histological sections and the MRI scan of a post-mortem brain in cranio. Using voxel-based analysis, we found left hemispheric cortical atrophy in PPA patients compared with controls, including prefrontal, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobe areas. We detected cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy in left predominant localizations of Ch4p, Ch4am, Ch4al, Ch3 and NSP. For the first time, we have described the pattern of basal forebrain atrophy in PPA and confirmed the involvement of NSP that had been predicted based on theoretical considerations. Our findings may enhance understanding of the role of cholinergic degeneration for the regional specificity of the cortical destruction leading to the syndrome of PPA.
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Gratwicke J, Kahan J, Zrinzo L, Hariz M, Limousin P, Foltynie T, Jahanshahi M. The nucleus basalis of Meynert: A new target for deep brain stimulation in dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2676-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Judaš M, Šimić G, Petanjek Z, Jovanov-Milošević N, Pletikos M, Vasung L, Vukšić M, Kostović I. The Zagreb Collection of human brains: a unique, versatile, but underexploited resource for the neuroscience community. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1225 Suppl 1:E105-30. [PMID: 21599691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Zagreb Collection of developing and adult human brains was founded in 1974 by Ivica Kostović and consists of 1,278 developing and adult human brains, including 610 fetal, 317 children, and 359 adult brains. It is one of the largest collections of developing human brains. The collection serves as a key resource for many focused research projects and has led to several seminal contributions on mammalian cortical development, such as the discovery of the transient fetal subplate zone and of early bilaminar synaptogenesis in the embryonic and fetal human cerebral cortex, and the first description of growing afferent pathways in the human fetal telencephalon. The Zagreb Collection also serves as a core resource for ever-growing networks of international collaboration and represents the starting point for many young investigators who now pursue independent research careers at leading international institutions. The Zagreb Collection, however, remains underexploited owing to a lack of adequate funding in Croatia. Funding could establish an online catalog of the collection and modern virtual microscopy scanning methods to make the collection internationally more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Judaš
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Raghanti M, Simic G, Watson S, Stimpson C, Hof P, Sherwood C. Comparative analysis of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among primates. Neuroscience 2011; 184:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The basal forebrain complex (BFC) is a small but intricate structure. Its
organization and function is hard to investigate using conventional methods,
especially in humans. By combining new methods of research we present a
comprehensive overview of this complex, in order to better understand its
function in normal and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- LTG, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology of Faculty of Medical Sciences of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Israeli Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- HH, MD, Prof., Labor fuer Morphologische Hirnforschung der Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
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Heinsen H, Hampel H, Teipel SJ. Response to Boban et al: computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the nucleus basalis complex, including the nucleus subputaminalis (Ayala's nucleus). Brain 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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