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Jovankić JV, Nikodijević DD, Milutinović MG, Nikezić AG, Kojić VV, Cvetković AM, Cvetković DM. Potential of Orlistat to induce apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects as well as inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175456. [PMID: 36528070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer as most often women's cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide. Research interest increased in testing non-standard drugs to suppress breast cancer progression and become significant supplements in anticancer therapy. The anti-obesity drug Orlistat showed significant ability for modulation of cancer cell metabolism via antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and hypolipidemic effects. The anticancer potential of Orlistat was evaluated by cytotoxicity (MTT assay), type of cell death (AO/EB double staining), determination of redox status parameters (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione), and total lipid levels with colorimetric methods, as well on angiogenesis-related (VEGF, MMP-9, CXCR4/CXCL12) and fatty acid synthesis-related (ACLY, ACC, FASN) parameters on gene and protein levels (immunocytochemistry and qPCR). Based on obtained results Orlistat induces significant cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, without significant cytotoxic effects on normal MRC-5 cells. It decreased total lipid levels and changed redox status parameters and cancer cell metabolism via suppression of genes and proteins involved and fatty acid synthesis. Based on showed, Orlistat may be an important supplement in antiangiogenic therapy against breast cancer with no side effects on normal cells, making it a good candidate for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana V Jovankić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela D Nikodijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena G Milutinović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra G Nikezić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna V Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Dr Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, 21204, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar M Cvetković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela M Cvetković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. Aberrant lipid metabolism reprogramming and immune microenvironment for gastric cancer: a literature review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3829-3842. [PMID: 35116681 PMCID: PMC8797372 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective We summarize the aberrant lipid metabolism disorders associated with enzyme activity and expression changes and related immune microenvironment for gastric cancer. Background Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the primary digestive system with high incidence, poor prognosis characterized by extensive metastasis and poor effect with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One of the most important metabolic characteristics of cancer cells is lipid metabolism reprogramming to adapt to the tumor micro-environment. Methods The focus of research in recent years has also been on lipid metabolism disorders, particularly aberrant metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in gastric cancer cells, as well as an upregulation of the expression and activity of key enzymes in lipid metabolism. These changes remind us of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. These metabolic changes are not unique to cancer cells. Changes in metabolic procedures also determine the function and viability of immune cells. In the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer, the metabolic competition and interaction between cancer cells and immune cells are not very clear, while a deeper understanding of the topic is critical to targeting the differential metabolic requirements of them that comprise an immune response to cancer offers an opportunity to selectively regulate immune cell function. Conclusions Recent research suggests that targeting metabolism is an emerging and potentially promising treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients. We need to explore it further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Li HE, Wang X, Tang Z, Liu F, Chen W, Fang Y, Wang C, Shen K, Qin J, Shen Z, Sun Y, Qin X. A concordant expression pattern of fatty acid synthase and membranous human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 exists in gastric cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2107-2117. [PMID: 26622804 PMCID: PMC4579914 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC), and certain interactions have been found between FAS and HER2. A total of 94 patients were enrolled in the present study, each of whom underwent a D2 radical surgery in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between 2000 and 2005. The expression of FAS and HER2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue microarrays generated from GC and non-tumor tissues. All data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 5.0 to investigate the association between FAS and HER2 and to detect the potential association with prognosis. FAS (P<0.0001) and membranous HER2 (mHER2; P=0.0021) were overexpressed in the GC tissues, and a bidirectional and strong correlation was demonstrated between FAS and mHER2 in the tumor tissues. The expression of cytoplasmic HER2 (cHER2) was significantly lower in the GC tissues compared with the non-tumor tissues (P=0.0005), and cHER2 was expressed at a higher level in tumors that had better differentiation compared with poorly-differentiated tissues (P=0.0503). Patients with a concordant expression pattern of FAS and mHER2 showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the non-concordant group (P=0.0096; hazards ratio, 3.2801; 95% confidence interval, 1.5781-6.8176). GC tissues significantly overexpress FAS and mHER2 and the expression of these two markers is associated. Patients with a concordant expression of FAS and mHER2 are more likely to suffer a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kuntang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbin Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Beheshti A, Sachs RK, Peluso M, Rietman E, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L. Age and space irradiation modulate tumor progression: implications for carcinogenesis risk. Radiat Res 2013; 179:208-20. [PMID: 23289386 DOI: 10.1667/rr3100.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Age plays a major role in tumor incidence and is an important consideration when modeling the carcinogenesis process or estimating cancer risks. Epidemiological data show that from adolescence through middle age, cancer incidence increases with age. This effect is commonly attributed to a lifetime accumulation of cellular, particularly DNA, damage. However, during middle age the incidence begins to decelerate and, for many tumor sites, it actually decreases at sufficiently advanced ages. We investigated if the observed deceleration and potential decrease in incidence could be attributed to a decreased capacity of older hosts to support tumor progression, and whether HZE [high atomic number (Z), high energy (E)] radiation differentially modulates tumor progression in young vs. middle-age hosts, issues that are relevant to estimating carcinogenesis risk for astronauts. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected into syngeneic mice (143 and 551 days old), which were then subject to whole-body (56)Fe irradiation (1 GeV/amu). Three findings emerged: (1) among unirradiated animals, substantial inhibition of tumor progression and significantly decreased tumor growth rates were seen for middle-aged mice compared to young mice, (2) whole-body (56)Fe irradiation inhibited tumor progression in both young and middle-aged mice (with greater suppression seen in case of young animals), with little effect on tumor growth rates, and (3) (56)Fe irradiation suppressed tumor progression in young mice to a degree that was not significantly different than transiting from young to middle-aged. Thus, (56)Fe irradiation acted similar to aging with respect to tumor progression. We further investigated the molecular underpinnings driving the radiation modulation of tumor dynamics in young and middle-aged mice. Through global gene expression analysis, the key players, FASN, AKT1 and the CXCL12/CXCR4 complex, were determined to be contributory. In sum, these findings demonstrated a reduced capacity of middle-aged hosts to support the progression phase of carcinogenesis and identify molecular factors that contribute to HZE radiation modulation of tumor progression as a function of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Relat J, Blancafort A, Oliveras G, Cufí S, Haro D, Marrero PF, Puig T. Different fatty acid metabolism effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and C75 in adenocarcinoma lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:280. [PMID: 22769244 PMCID: PMC3500220 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed and hyperactivated in several human carcinomas, including lung cancer. We characterize and compare the anti-cancer effects of the FASN inhibitors C75 and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in a lung cancer model. Methods We evaluated in vitro the effects of C75 and EGCG on fatty acid metabolism (FASN and CPT enzymes), cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling (EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT and mTOR) in human A549 lung carcinoma cells. In vivo, we evaluated their anti-tumour activity and their effect on body weight in a mice model of human adenocarcinoma xenograft. Results C75 and EGCG had comparable effects in blocking FASN activity (96,9% and 89,3% of inhibition, respectively). In contrast, EGCG had either no significant effect in CPT activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation, while C75 stimulated CPT up to 130%. Treating lung cancer cells with EGCG or C75 induced apoptosis and affected EGFR-signaling. While EGCG abolished p-EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 and p-mTOR, C75 was less active in decreasing the levels of EGFR and p-AKT. In vivo, EGCG and C75 blocked the growth of lung cancer xenografts but C75 treatment, not EGCG, caused a marked animal weight loss. Conclusions In lung cancer, inhibition of FASN using EGCG can be achieved without parallel stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and this effect is related mainly to EGFR signaling pathway. EGCG reduce the growth of adenocarcinoma human lung cancer xenografts without inducing body weight loss. Taken together, EGCG may be a candidate for future pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Relat
- Molecular Oncology (NEOMA), School of Medicine, University of Girona and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGi), 17071, Girona, Spain
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Jiang B, Li EH, Lu YY, Jiang Q, Cui D, Jing YF, Xia SJ. Inhibition of fatty-acid synthase suppresses P-AKT and induces apoptosis in bladder cancer. Urology 2012; 80:484.e9-15. [PMID: 22554590 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). METHODS FASN expression was investigated in non-muscle-invasive BTCC tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry and BTCC cell lines by Western blot. After treatment with FASN-siRNA or FASN inhibitor cerulenin (Cer), the proliferation and apoptosis of BTCC cell lines 5637 and 253 J were determined by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry respectively. The expression of p-AKT, cyclin D1 (CCND1), and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS High levels of FASN expression were observed in 59% (32/54) of non-muscle-invasive BTCC tissue specimens, and FASN expression was associated with histologic grade (P < .05) and recurrence (P < .05). FASN expression was high in 6 BTCC cell lines. FASN inhibitor Cer and FASN-siRNA produced the increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of bladder cancer cells, and caused inactivity of AKT and downregulation of CCND1. Furthermore, treatment of BTCC cell lines with Cer resulted in apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway involving inactivation of antiapoptotic bcl-2 protein. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FASN plays an important role in BTCC development. Targeting FASN may be a new therapeutic strategy for BTCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Puig T, Aguilar H, Cufí S, Oliveras G, Turrado C, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML, Urruticoechea A, Colomer R. A novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase shows activity against HER2+ breast cancer xenografts and is active in anti-HER2 drug-resistant cell lines. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R131. [PMID: 22177475 PMCID: PMC3326573 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibiting the enzyme Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) leads to apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, and this is linked to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling pathways in models of simultaneous expression of FASN and HER2. Methods In a xenograft model of breast carcinoma cells that are FASN+ and HER2+, we have characterised the anticancer activity and the toxicity profile of G28UCM, the lead compound of a novel family of synthetic FASN inhibitors. In vitro, we analysed the cellular and molecular interactions of combining G28UCM with anti-HER drugs. Finally, we tested the cytotoxic ability of G28UCM on breast cancer cells resistant to trastuzumab or lapatinib, that we developed in our laboratory. Results In vivo, G28UCM reduced the size of 5 out of 14 established xenografts. In the responding tumours, we observed inhibition of FASN activity, cleavage of poly-ADPribose polymerase (PARP) and a decrease of p-HER2, p- protein kinase B (AKT) and p-ERK1/2, which were not observed in the nonresponding tumours. In the G28UCM-treated animals, no significant toxicities occurred, and weight loss was not observed. In vitro, G28UCM showed marked synergistic interactions with trastuzumab, lapatinib, erlotinib or gefitinib (but not with cetuximab), which correlated with increases in apoptosis and with decreases in the activation of HER2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT. In trastuzumab-resistant and in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer cells, in which trastuzumab and lapatinib were not effective, G28UCM retained the anticancer activity observed in the parental cells. Conclusions G28UCM inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity and the growth of breast carcinoma xenografts in vivo, and is active in cells with acquired resistance to anti-HER2 drugs, which make it a candidate for further pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Puig
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
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Feng Y, Hu J, Ma J, Feng K, Zhang X, Yang S, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang Y. RNAi-mediated silencing of VEGF-C inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression by simultaneously down-regulating the CXCR4, CCR7, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3-dependent axes-induced ERK, p38 and AKT signalling pathways. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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