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Rollins L, Riggins T. Adapting event-related potential research paradigms for children: Considerations from research on the development of recognition memory. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22159. [PMID: 34333779 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Most developmental event-related potential (ERP) research uses experimental paradigms modified from research with adults. One major challenge is identifying how to adapt these paradigms effectively for use with younger individuals. This paper provides guidance for developmental adaptations by considering research on the development of recognition memory. We provide a brief overview of recognition memory tasks and ERP components associated with recognition memory in children and adults. Then, we provide some general recommendations, discuss common differences between ERP studies of recognition memory in adults and children (e.g., the type of stimuli presented, response modalities), and provide suggestions for assessing the effect of task modifications on ERP components of interest. Specifically, we recommend (a) testing both children and adults on the modified paradigm to allow for a continuity of findings across development, (b) comparing children of different ages on the modified paradigm based on expectations regarding when developmental change occurs for the cognitive process of interest, and (c) empirically assessing the effect of methodological differences between paradigms. To illustrate the latter, we analyzed data from our lab comparing memory-related ERP components when children experienced a 1-day, 2-day, or 1-week delay between encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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2
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Zhou W, Nie A, Xiao Y, Liu S, Deng C. Is color source retrieval sensitive to emotion? Electrophysiological evidence from old/new effects. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 210:103156. [PMID: 32801072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proved that item memory and source memory are two dissociable processes, as reflected by differential influence at behavioral and electrophysiological levels, the latter being evidenced by the ERP old/new effects. Specially for source memory, the retrieval of color source may be unique from recollecting other types of contextual information, which can be seen from the late posterior negativity (LPN). However, the mediation of emotional valence on the old/new effects for verbal stimuli encoded in colors remains unknown. Adopting words of three emotional valences (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative), with their displayed colors serving as sources, the current experiment aimed to explore the sensitivity of old/new effects to emotion for both item memory and source memory. Results demonstrated that: the FN400 that reflects familiarity was recorded and it was sensitive to emotional valence across both memory tasks; the mediation of emotional valence was absent in recollection-reflected LPC, neither for item memory nor for source memory; an association between LPN and color source retrieval was confirmed, with reliable amplitudes for neutral words but not for emotional words. These data were discussed in terms of the dual-process model and other accounts. Future research directions were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Yueyue Xiao
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Can Deng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Billard P, Clayton NS, Jozet-Alves C. Cuttlefish retrieve whether they smelt or saw a previously encountered item. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5413. [PMID: 32214190 PMCID: PMC7096502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Source Monitoring Framework, the origin of a memory is remembered through the retrieval of specific features (e.g. perceptive, sensitive, affective signals). In two source discrimination tasks, we studied the ability of cuttlefish to remember the modality in which an item had been presented several hours ago. In Experiment 1, cuttlefish were able to retrieve the modality of presentation of a crab (visual vs olfactory) sensed before 1 h and 3 hrs delays. In Experiment 2, cuttlefish were trained to retrieve the modality of the presentation of fish, shrimp, and crabs. After training, cuttlefish performed the task with another item never encountered before (e.g. mussel). The cuttlefish successfully passed transfer tests with and without a delay of 3 hrs. This study is the first to show the ability to discriminate between two sensory modalities (i.e. see vs smell) in an animal. Taken together, these results suggest that cuttlefish can retrieve perceptual features of a previous event, namely whether they had seen or smelled an item.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Billard
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, EthoS, 14000, Caen, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-35000, Rennes, France.
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
| | - N S Clayton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - C Jozet-Alves
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, EthoS, 14000, Caen, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Age differences in the neural correlates of the specificity of recollection: An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2020; 140:107394. [PMID: 32061829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In young adults, the neural correlates of successful recollection vary with the specificity (or amount) of information retrieved. We examined whether the neural correlates of recollection are modulated in a similar fashion in older adults. We compared event-related potential (ERP) correlates of recollection in samples of healthy young and older adults (N = 20 per age group). At study, participants were cued to make one of two judgments about each of a series of words. Subsequently, participants completed a memory test for studied and unstudied words in which they first made a Remember/Know/New (RKN) judgment, followed by a source memory judgment when a word attracted a 'Remember' (R) response. In young adults, the 'left parietal effect' - a putative ERP correlate of successful recollection - was largest for test items endorsed as recollected (R judgment) and attracting a correct source judgment, intermediate for items endorsed as recollected but attracting an incorrect or uncertain source judgment, and, relative to correct rejections, absent for items endorsed as familiar only (K judgment). In marked contrast, the left parietal effect was not detectable in older adults. Rather, regardless of source accuracy, studied items attracting an R response elicited a sustained, centrally maximum negative-going deflection relative to both correct rejections and studied items where recollection failed (K judgment). A similar retrieval-related negativity has been described previously in older adults, but the present findings are among the few to link this effect specifically to recollection. Finally, relative to correct rejections, all classes of correctly recognized old items elicited an age-invariant, late-onsetting positive deflection that was maximal over the right frontal scalp. This finding, which replicates several prior results, suggests that post-retrieval monitoring operations were engaged to an equivalent extent in the two age groups. Together, the present results suggest that there are circumstances where young and older adults engage qualitatively distinct retrieval-related processes during successful recollection.
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Canada KL, Geng F, Riggins T. Age- and performance-related differences in source memory retrieval during early childhood: Insights from event-related potentials. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:723-736. [PMID: 31876294 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Across early childhood, children's ability to remember individual items and the details that accompany these items (i.e., episodic memory) improves greatly. Given that these behavioral improvements coincide with increases in age, effects of age and performance are often confounded. This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate age- and performance-related differences in the neural processes underlying the development of memory for details during early childhood. Using a source memory paradigm, ERP components related to episodic memory, the negative component (Nc), and late slow wave (LSW) were examined in 4- to 8-year-old children. Analyses focused on trials for which children correctly remembered the source related to an item versus trials where the item was remembered but the source was forgotten. Results revealed LSW, but not Nc, differed as a function of age and performance. Specifically, LSW effects were similar across source correct and source incorrect trials in all high-performing children and in low-performing older children; however, LSW effects differed across conditions in low-performing younger children. Results show developmental differences in retrieval processes across early childhood and highlight the importance of considering age and performance when examining electrophysiological correlates of episodic memory during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Zheng Z, Lang M, Wang W, Xiao F, Li J. Episodic reconstruction contributes to high-confidence false recognition memories in older adults: Evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Cogn 2019; 132:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kane J, Cavanagh JF, Dillon DG. Reduced Theta Power During Memory Retrieval in Depressed Adults. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:636-643. [PMID: 31072759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with poor recollection, but the neural mechanisms responsible for this deficit are unclear. Recollection is supported by interactions between the hippocampus and cortex that appear to be mediated by oscillatory activity in the theta band (4-7 Hz) and that are elicited during source memory retrieval. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that evoked theta power during source memory retrieval would be reduced in MDD, as this would provide a physiological basis for deficient recollection in adults with depression. METHODS Morlet wavelets were applied to event-related potentials collected from 24 unmedicated adults with MDD and 24 healthy control adults during the retrieval of source and semantic memories. Whole-scalp analyses focused on group differences in evoked theta power. RESULTS There were no group differences in behavior. Nevertheless, from 400 to 799 ms, theta power was broadly reduced in adults with depression versus healthy adults. This reduction was observed during source and semantic retrieval. Parietal midline electrodes showed significantly reduced theta power during source-but not semantic-retrieval in adults with depression versus healthy adults in this interval. Furthermore, theta power over parietal midline sites from 400 to 799 ms was more strongly related to source memory accuracy in healthy adults versus adults with depression. CONCLUSIONS Relative to healthy control adults, adults with depression showed reduced theta power during memory retrieval and a weaker relationship between parietal midline theta power and source memory accuracy. These findings indicate that abnormal theta signals may contribute to memory deficits in adults with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kane
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Powell PS, Strunk J, James T, Polyn SM, Duarte A. Decoding selective attention to context memory: An aging study. Neuroimage 2018; 181:95-107. [PMID: 29991445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that the tendency for older adults to bind too much contextual information during encoding (i.e., hyper-binding) may contribute to poorer memory for relevant contextual information during retrieval. While these findings are consistent with theories of age-related declines in selective attention and inhibitory control, the degree to which older adults are able to selectively attend to relevant contextual information during encoding is unknown. To better understand the neural dynamics associated with selective attention during encoding, the current study applied multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) to oscillatory EEG in order to track moment-to-moment shifts of attention between relevant and irrelevant contextual information during encoding. Young and older adults studied pictures of objects in the presence of two contextual features: a color and a scene, and their attention was directed to the object's relationship with one of those contexts (i.e., target context). Results showed that patterns of oscillatory power successfully predicted whether selective attention was directed to a scene or color, across age groups. Individual differences in overall classification performance were associated with individual differences in target context memory accuracy during retrieval. However, changes in classification performance within a trial, suggestive of fluctuations in selective attention, predicted individual differences in hyper-binding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use MPVA techniques to decode attention during episodic encoding and the impact of attentional shifts toward distracting information on age-related context memory impairments and hyper-binding. These results are consistent with the as-of-yet unsubstantiated theory that age-related declines in context memory may be attributable to poorer selective attention and/or greater inhibitory deficits in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Powell
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0170, United States.
| | - Jonathan Strunk
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0170, United States
| | - Taylor James
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0170, United States
| | - Sean M Polyn
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240-7817, United States
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0170, United States
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Sommer K, Vita S, De Pascalis V. The late posterior negativity in episodic memory: A correlate of stimulus retrieval? Biol Psychol 2018; 133:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Barrick EM, Dillon DG. An ERP study of multidimensional source retrieval in depression. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:176-191. [PMID: 29305874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We collected event-related potentials (ERPs) from 24 unmedicated adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 24 controls during source memory retrieval. Words were encoded on the left or right during animacy and mobility judgments. Mobility judgments were slower than animacy judgments, suggesting deeper encoding. Participants then recalled the encoding judgment (Question cue) and position (Side cue) for each word. Depressed adults, but not controls, showed better accuracy for words from the mobility task presented under the Question vs. Side Cue. Furthermore, depressed adults showed larger left parietal ERPs to words from the mobility task presented under the Question vs. the Side Cue from 400 to 800 ms and 800-1400 ms. This ERP effect was negatively correlated with sleep quality. Thus, deep encoding followed by retrieval of the encoding judgment supported memory in MDD and augmented left parietal ERPs that have been linked to recollection and that appear sensitive to sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa M Barrick
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, United States
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, United States.
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11
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Gui P, Ku Y, Li L, Li X, Bodner M, Lenz FA, Wang L, Zhou YD. Neural correlates of visuo-tactile crossmodal paired-associate learning and memory in humans. Neuroscience 2017; 362:181-195. [PMID: 28843996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that a cortical sensory system is capable of processing information from different sensory modalities. However, it still remains unclear when and how a cortical system integrates and retains information across sensory modalities during learning. Here we investigated the neural dynamics underlying crossmodal associations and memory by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) when human participants performed visuo-tactile (crossmodal) and visuo-visual (unimodal) paired-associate (PA) learning tasks. In a trial of the tasks, the participants were required to explore and learn the relationship (paired or non-paired) between two successive stimuli. EEG recordings revealed dynamic ERP changes during participants' learning of paired-associations. Specifically, (1) the frontal N400 component showed learning-related changes in both unimodal and crossmodal tasks but did not show any significant difference between these two tasks, while the central P400 displayed both learning changes and task differences; (2) a late posterior negative slow wave (LPN) showed the learning effect only in the crossmodal task; (3) alpha-band oscillations appeared to be involved in crossmodal working memory. Additional behavioral experiments suggested that these ERP components were not relevant to the participants' familiarity with stimuli per se. Further, by shortening the delay length (from 1300ms to 400ms or 200 ms) between the first and second stimulus in the crossmodal task, declines in participants' task performance were observed accordingly. Taken together, these results provide insights into the cortical plasticity (induced by PA learning) of neural networks involved in crossmodal associations in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gui
- Key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mark Bodner
- MIND Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Fred A Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Yong-Di Zhou
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Abstract
Source memory, or memory for the context in which a memory was formed, is a defining characteristic of human episodic memory and source memory errors are a debilitating symptom of memory dysfunction. Evidence for source memory in nonhuman primates is sparse despite considerable evidence for other types of sophisticated memory and the practical need for good models of episodic memory in nonhuman primates. A previous study showed that rhesus monkeys confused the identity of a monkey they saw with a monkey they heard, but only after an extended memory delay. This suggests that they initially remembered the source - visual or auditory - of the information but forgot the source as time passed. Here, we present a monkey model of source memory that is based on this previous study. In each trial, monkeys studied two images, one that they simply viewed and touched and the other that they classified as a bird, fish, flower, or person. In a subsequent memory test, they were required to select the image from one source but avoid the other. With training, monkeys learned to suppress responding to images from the to-be-avoided source. After longer memory intervals, monkeys continued to show reliable item memory, discriminating studied images from distractors, but made many source memory errors. Monkeys discriminated source based on study method, not study order, providing preliminary evidence that our manipulation of retention interval caused errors due to source forgetting instead of source confusion. Finally, some monkeys learned to select remembered images from either source on cue, showing that they did indeed remember both items and both sources. This paradigm potentially provides a new model to study a critical aspect of episodic memory in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Basile
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Robert R Hampton
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Han Y, Wang K, Jia J, Wu W. Changes of EEG Spectra and Functional Connectivity during an Object-Location Memory Task in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:107. [PMID: 28620287 PMCID: PMC5449767 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Object-location memory is particularly fragile and specifically impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was utilized to objectively measure memory impairment for memory formation correlates of EEG oscillatory activities. We aimed to construct an object-location memory paradigm and explore EEG signs of it. Two groups of 20 probable mild AD patients and 19 healthy older adults were included in a cross-sectional analysis. All subjects took an object-location memory task. EEG recordings performed during object-location memory tasks were compared between the two groups in the two EEG parameters (spectral parameters and phase synchronization). The memory performance of AD patients was worse than that of healthy elderly adults The power of object-location memory of the AD group was significantly higher than the NC group (healthy elderly adults) in the alpha band in the encoding session, and alpha and theta bands in the retrieval session. The channels-pairs the phase lag index value of object-location memory in the AD group was clearly higher than the NC group in the delta, theta, and alpha bands in encoding sessions and delta and theta bands in retrieval sessions. The results provide support for the hypothesis that the AD patients may use compensation mechanisms to remember the items and episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Han
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA 305 HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA 305 HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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14
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Strunk J, James T, Arndt J, Duarte A. Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval. Cortex 2017; 91:40-55. [PMID: 28237686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that directing attention toward single item-context associations during encoding improves young and older adults' context memory performance and reduces demands on executive functions during retrieval. In everyday situations, there are many event features competing for our attention, and our ability to successfully recover those details may depend on our ability to ignore others. Failures of selective attention may contribute to older adults' context memory impairments. In the current electroencephalogram (EEG) study, we assessed the effects of age on processes supporting successful context memory retrieval of selectively attended features as indexed by neural oscillations. During encoding, young and older adults were directed to attend to a picture of an object and its relationship to one of two concurrently presented contextual details: a color or scene. At retrieval, we tested their memory for the object, its attended and unattended context features, and their confidence for both the attended and unattended features. Both groups showed greater memory for attended than unattended contextual features. However, older adults showed evidence of hyper-binding between attended and unattended context features while the young adults did not. EEG results in the theta band suggest that young and older adults recollect similar amounts of information but brain-behavior correlations suggest that this information was supportive of contextual memory performance, particularly for young adults. By contrast, sustained beta desynchronization, indicative of sensory reactivation and episodic reconstruction, was correlated with contextual memory performance for older adults only. We conclude that older adults' inhibition deficits during encoding reduced the selectivity of their contextual memories, which led to reliance on executive functions like episodic reconstruction to support successful memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Strunk
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Taylor James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason Arndt
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Doidge AN, Evans LH, Herron JE, Wilding EL. Separating content-specific retrieval from post-retrieval processing. Cortex 2017; 86:1-10. [PMID: 27866038 PMCID: PMC5264396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to cortical reinstatement accounts, neural processes engaged at the time of encoding are re-engaged at the time of memory retrieval. The temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been exploited to assess this possibility, and in this study ERPs were acquired while people made memory judgments to visually presented words encoded in two different ways. There were reliable differences between the scalp distributions of the signatures of successful retrieval of different contents from 300 to 1100 ms after stimulus presentation. Moreover, the scalp distributions of these content-sensitive effects changed during this period. These findings are, to our knowledge, the first demonstration in one study that ERPs reflect content-specific processing in two separable ways: first, via reinstatement, and second, via downstream processes that operate on recovered information in the service of memory judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie N Doidge
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Psychology, Exeter University, UK.
| | - Lisa H Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jane E Herron
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
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16
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Brod G, Lindenberger U, Shing YL. Neural activation patterns during retrieval of schema-related memories: differences and commonalities between children and adults. Dev Sci 2016; 20. [PMID: 29076268 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schemas represent stable properties of individuals' experiences, and allow them to classify new events as being congruent or incongruent with existing knowledge. Research with adults indicates that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in memory retrieval of schema-related information. However, developmental differences between children and adults in the neural correlates of schema-related memories are not well understood. One reason for this is the inherent confound between schema-relevant experience and maturation, as both are related to time. To overcome this limitation, we used a novel paradigm that experimentally induces, and then probes for, task-relevant knowledge during encoding of new information. Thirty-one children aged 8-12 years and 26 young adults participated in the experiment. While successfully retrieving schema-congruent events, children showed less medial PFC activity than adults. In addition, medial PFC activity during successful retrieval correlated positively with children's age. While successfully retrieving schema-incongruent events, children showed stronger hippocampus (HC) activation as well as weaker connectivity between the striatum and the dorsolateral PFC than adults. These findings were corroborated by an exploratory full-factorial analysis investigating age differences in the retrieval of schema-congruent versus schema-incongruent events, comparing the two conditions directly. Consistent with the findings of the separate analyses, two clusters, one in the medial PFC, one in the HC, were identified that exhibited a memory × congruency × age group interaction. In line with the two-component model of episodic memory development, the present findings point to an age-related shift from a more HC-bound processing to an increasing recruitment of prefrontal brain regions in the retrieval of schema-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garvin Brod
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
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17
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Unitization improves source memory in older adults: An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:232-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Stróżak P, Bird CW, Corby K, Frishkoff G, Curran T. FN400 and LPC memory effects for concrete and abstract words. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1669-1678. [PMID: 27463978 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to dual-process models, recognition memory depends on two neurocognitive mechanisms: familiarity, which has been linked to the frontal N400 (FN400) effect in studies using ERPs, and recollection, which is reflected by changes in the late positive complex (LPC). Recently, there has been some debate over the relationship between FN400 familiarity effects and N400 semantic effects. According to one view, these effects are one and the same. Proponents of this view have suggested that the frontal distribution of the FN400 could be due to stimulus concreteness: recognition memory experiments commonly use highly imageable or concrete words (or pictures), which elicit semantic ERPs with a frontal distribution. In the present study, we tested this claim using a recognition memory paradigm in which subjects memorized concrete and abstract nouns; half of the words changed font color between study and test. FN400 and LPC old/new effects were observed for abstract as well as concrete words, and were stronger over right hemisphere electrodes for concrete words. However, there was no difference in anteriority of the FN400 effect for the two word types. These findings challenge the notion that the frontal distribution of the FN400 old/new effect is fully explained by stimulus concreteness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stróżak
- Department of Experimental Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Christopher W Bird
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Krystin Corby
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Gwen Frishkoff
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tim Curran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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James T, Strunk J, Arndt J, Duarte A. Age-related deficits in selective attention during encoding increase demands on episodic reconstruction during context retrieval: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:66-79. [PMID: 27094851 PMCID: PMC5319869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) and neuroimaging evidence suggests that directing attention toward single item-context associations compared to intra-item features at encoding improves context memory performance and reduces demands on strategic retrieval operations in young and older adults. In everyday situations, however, there are multiple event features competing for our attention. It is not currently known how selectively attending to one contextual feature while attempting to ignore another influences context memory performance and the processes that support successful retrieval in the young and old. We investigated this issue in the current ERP study. Young and older participants studied pictures of objects in the presence of two contextual features: a color and a scene, and their attention was directed to the object's relationship with one of those contexts. Participants made context memory decisions for both attended and unattended contexts and rated their confidence in those decisions. Behavioral results showed that while both groups were generally successful in applying selective attention during context encoding, older adults were less confident in their context memory decisions for attended features and showed greater dependence in context memory accuracy for attended and unattended contextual features (i.e., hyper-binding). ERP results were largely consistent between age groups but older adults showed a more pronounced late posterior negativity (LPN) implicated in episodic reconstruction processes. We conclude that age-related suppression deficits during encoding result in reduced selectivity in context memory, thereby increasing subsequent demands on episodic reconstruction processes when sought after details are not readily retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA.
| | - Jonathan Strunk
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA
| | - Jason Arndt
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753-6006, USA
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA
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20
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Electrophysiological evidence for the effects of unitization on associative recognition memory in older adults. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 121:59-71. [PMID: 25858698 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with greater decline in associative memory relative to item memory due to impaired recollection. Familiarity may also contribute to associative recognition when stimuli are perceived as a 'unitized' representation. Given that familiarity is relatively preserved in older adults, we explored whether age-related associative memory deficits could be attenuated when associations were unitized (i.e., compounds) compared with those non-unitized (i.e., unrelated word pairs). Young and older adults performed an associative recognition task while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Behavioral results showed that age differences were smaller for recognition of compounds than for unrelated word pairs. ERP results indicated that only compounds evoked an early frontal old/new effect in older adults. Moreover, the early frontal old/new effect was positively correlated with associative discrimination accuracy. These findings suggest that reduced age-related associative deficits under unitized condition may be associated with the presence of familiarity-based retrieval of compounds in older adults.
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21
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Bonnì S, Veniero D, Mastropasqua C, Ponzo V, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M, Koch G. TMS evidence for a selective role of the precuneus in source memory retrieval. Behav Brain Res 2014; 282:70-5. [PMID: 25541040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The posteromedial cortex including the precuneus (PC) is thought to be involved in episodic memory retrieval. Here we used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disentangle the role of the precuneus in the recognition memory process in a sample of healthy subjects. During the encoding phase, subjects were presented with a series of colored pictures. Afterwards, during the retrieval phase, all previously presented items and a sample of new pictures were presented in black, and subjects were asked to indicate whether each item was new or old, and in the latter case to indicate the associated color. cTBS was delivered over PC, posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and vertex before the retrieval phase. The data were analyzed in terms of hits, false alarms, source errors and omissions. cTBS over the precuneus, but not over the PPC or the vertex, induced a selective decrease in source memory errors, indicating an improvement in context retrieval. All the other accuracy measurements were unchanged. These findings suggest a direct implication of the precuneus in successful context-dependent retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonnì
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenica Veniero
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Stroke Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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22
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Frithsen A, Miller MB. The posterior parietal cortex: Comparing remember/know and source memory tests of recollection and familiarity. Neuropsychologia 2014; 61:31-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Gruzelier JH. EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. I: A review of cognitive and affective outcome in healthy participants. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 44:124-41. [PMID: 24125857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Karmiloff-Smith A, Casey BJ, Massand E, Tomalski P, Thomas MSC. Environmental and Genetic Influences on Neurocognitive Development: The Importance of Multiple Methodologies and Time-Dependent Intervention. Clin Psychol Sci 2014; 2:628-637. [PMID: 26682092 DOI: 10.1177/2167702614521188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations and environmental factors dynamically influence gene expression and developmental trajectories at the neural, cognitive, and behavioral levels. The examples in this article cover different periods of neurocognitive development-early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood-and focus on studies in which researchers have used a variety of methodologies to illustrate the early effects of socioeconomic status and stress on brain function, as well as how allelic differences explain why some individuals respond to intervention and others do not. These studies highlight how similar behaviors can be driven by different underlying neural processes and show how a neurocomputational model of early development can account for neurodevelopmental syndromes, such as autism spectrum disorders, with novel implications for intervention. Finally, these studies illustrate the importance of the timing of environmental and genetic factors on development, consistent with our view that phenotypes are emergent, not predetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B J Casey
- Sackler Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Esha Massand
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London
| | | | - Michael S C Thomas
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London
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25
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Pergola G, Suchan B. Associative learning beyond the medial temporal lobe: many actors on the memory stage. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:162. [PMID: 24312029 PMCID: PMC3832901 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have established a model that includes the medial temporal lobe, and particularly the hippocampus, as a critical node for episodic memory. Neuroimaging and clinical studies have shown the involvement of additional cortical and subcortical regions. Among these areas, the thalamus, the retrosplenial cortex, and the prefrontal cortices have been consistently related to episodic memory performance. This article provides evidences that these areas are in different forms and degrees critical for human memory function rather than playing only an ancillary role. First we briefly summarize the functional architecture of the medial temporal lobe with respect to recognition memory and recall. We then focus on the clinical and neuroimaging evidence available on thalamo-prefrontal and thalamo-retrosplenial networks. The role of these networks in episodic memory has been considered secondary, partly because disruption of these areas does not always lead to severe impairments; to account for this evidence, we discuss methodological issues related to the investigation of these regions. We propose that these networks contribute differently to recognition memory and recall, and also that the memory stage of their contribution shows specificity to encoding or retrieval in recall tasks. We note that the same mechanisms may be in force when humans perform non-episodic tasks, e.g., semantic retrieval and mental time travel. Functional disturbance of these networks is related to cognitive impairments not only in neurological disorders, but also in psychiatric medical conditions, such as schizophrenia. Finally we discuss possible mechanisms for the contribution of these areas to memory, including regulation of oscillatory rhythms and long-term potentiation. We conclude that integrity of the thalamo-frontal and the thalamo-retrosplenial networks is necessary for the manifold features of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris Suchan
- Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Altamura M, Padalino FA, Mammarella N, Fairfield B, Balzotti A, Di Domenico A, Frisullo E, Bellomo A. Are all forms of feature binding disturbed in schizophrenia? Evidence from a central vs. peripheral distinction in working memory. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:9-14. [PMID: 23218917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated central and peripheral feature binding in a group of 24 high pre-morbid IQ patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls. In particular, participants were asked to remember specific single (e.g., word, colour) or multiple features (e.g., coloured words) of experimental items with central (coloured word) vs. peripheral (a coloured frame) attributes in a working memory binding task. Performance of the patients was significantly inferior to that of controls, especially when required to remember the peripheral combination of multiple features. Results suggest that patients with schizophrenia may have difficulties in unitizing peripheral features in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Altamura
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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27
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Friedman D. The cognitive aging of episodic memory: a view based on the event-related brain potential. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:111. [PMID: 23986668 PMCID: PMC3752587 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardinal feature of older-adult cognition is a decline, relative to the young, in the encoding and retrieval of personally relevant events, i.e., episodic memory (EM). A consensus holds that familiarity, a relatively automatic feeling of knowing that can support recognition-memory judgments, is preserved with aging. By contrast, recollection, which requires the effortful, strategic recovery of contextual detail, declines as we age. Over the last decade, event-related brain potential (ERPs) have become increasingly important tools in the study of the aging of EM, because a few, well-researched EM effects have been associated with the cognitive processes thought to underlie successful EM performance. EM effects are operationalized by subtracting the ERPs elicited by correctly rejected, new items from those to correctly recognized, old items. Although highly controversial, the mid-frontal effect (a positive component between ∼300 and 500 ms, maximal at fronto-central scalp sites) is thought to reflect familiarity-based recognition. A positivity between ∼500 and 800 ms, maximal at left-parietal scalp, has been labeled the left-parietal EM effect. A wealth of evidence suggests that this brain activity reflects recollection-based retrieval. Here, I review the ERP evidence in support of the hypothesis that familiarity is maintained while recollection is compromised in older relative to young adults. I consider the possibility that the inconsistency in findings may be due to individual differences in performance, executive function, and quality of life indices, such as socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friedman
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY, USA
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28
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Atypical Neurophysiology Underlying Episodic and Semantic Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 45:298-315. [PMID: 23754340 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Dulas MR, Duarte A. The influence of directed attention at encoding on source memory retrieval in the young and old: An ERP study. Brain Res 2013; 1500:55-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Nie A, Guo C, Liang J, Shen M. The effect of late posterior negativity in retrieving the color of Chinese characters. Neurosci Lett 2013; 534:223-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Newsome RN, Dulas MR, Duarte A. The effects of aging on emotion-induced modulations of source retrieval ERPs: Evidence for valence biases. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:3370-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection. Neuroimage 2012; 62:439-50. [PMID: 22548808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recollection is typically associated with high recognition confidence and accurate source memory. However, subjects sometimes make accurate source memory judgments even for items that are not confidently recognized, and it is not known whether these responses are based on recollection or some other memory process. In the current study, we measured event related potentials (ERPs) while subjects made item and source memory confidence judgments in order to determine whether recollection supported accurate source recognition responses for items that were not confidently recognized. In line with previous studies, we found that recognition memory was associated with two ERP effects: an early on-setting FN400 effect, and a later parietal old-new effect [late positive component (LPC)], which have been associated with familiarity and recollection, respectively. The FN400 increased gradually with item recognition confidence, whereas the LPC was only observed for highly confident recognition responses. The LPC was also related to source accuracy, but only for items that had received a high confidence item recognition response; accurate source judgments to items that were less confidently recognized did not exhibit the typical ERP correlate of recollection or familiarity, but rather showed a late, broadly distributed negative ERP difference. The results indicate that accurate source judgments of episodic context can occur even when recollection fails.
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33
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Sprondel V, Kipp KH, Mecklinger A. Electrophysiological evidence for late maturation of strategic episodic retrieval processes. Dev Sci 2012; 15:330-44. [PMID: 22490174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in source memory performance throughout development is thought to be mediated by strategic processes that facilitate the retrieval of task-relevant information. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined developmental changes in these processes during adolescence. Adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (19-29 years) completed a memory exclusion task which required the discrimination between words studied in one color ('targets') and words studied in the alternative color ('non-targets') under two conditions that put different demands on strategic control. Memory accuracy improved with age and also increased with decreasing control demands in both age groups. The parietal old/new effect, an ERP correlate of recollection, was reliable for targets across conditions in both age groups. By contrast, ERP correlates of non-target recollection were present in adolescents across conditions but not in adults. This suggests that adults implemented a strategy to prioritize recollection of target information with greater success than adolescents regardless of control demands, presumably reflecting maturational differences in cognitive control. In support of this view, the ERP amplitude difference between targets and non-targets was positively correlated with a measure of working memory capacity (WMC) in adults but not in adolescents. A further age-related difference was that ERP correlates of post-retrieval processing, including late right-frontal old/new effects and late posterior negativities, were observed in adults only. Together, our data suggest protracted maturation in the strategic processes that underlie selective recollection and post-retrieval control.
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34
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Cansino S, Hernández-Ramos E, Trejo-Morales P. Neural correlates of source memory retrieval in young, middle-aged and elderly adults. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:33-49. [PMID: 22366225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in young (21-27 years old), middle-aged (50-57 years old) and older adults (70-77 years old) to determine whether the decline in source memory that occurs with advancing age coincides with contemporaneous neurophysiological changes. Source memory for the spatial location (quadrant on the screen) of images presented during encoding was examined. The images were shown in the center of the screen during the retrieval task. Retrieval success for source information was characterized by different scalp topographies at frontal electrode sites in young adults relative to middle-aged and older adults. The right frontal effect during unsuccessful retrieval attempts showed amplitude and latency differences across age groups and was related to the ability to discriminate between old and new images only in young adults. These results suggest that the neural correlates of the retrieval success and attempt were affected by age and these effects were present by middle-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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35
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Ageing affects event-related potentials and brain oscillations: A behavioral and electrophysiological study using a haptic recognition memory task. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3967-80. [PMID: 22027172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Xiao X, Ding J, Guo C. Effects of encoding and retrieval on the mechanism of item + context binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Diana RA, Van den Boom W, Yonelinas AP, Ranganath C. ERP correlates of source memory: unitized source information increases familiarity-based retrieval. Brain Res 2011; 1367:278-86. [PMID: 20965154 PMCID: PMC3095515 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Source memory tests typically require subjects to make decisions about the context in which an item was encoded and are thought to depend on recollection of details from the study episode. Although it is generally believed that familiarity does not contribute to source memory, recent behavioral studies have suggested that familiarity may also support source recognition when item and source information are integrated, or "unitized," during study (Diana, Yonelinas, and Ranganath, 2008). However, an alternative explanation of these behavioral findings is that unitization affects the manner in which recollection contributes to performance, rather than increasing familiarity-based source memory. To discriminate between these possibilities, we conducted an event-related potential (ERP) study testing the hypothesis that unitization increases the contribution of familiarity to source recognition. Participants studied associations between words and background colors using tasks that either encouraged or discouraged unitization. ERPs were recorded during a source memory test for background color. The results revealed two distinct neural correlates of source recognition: a frontally distributed positivity that was associated with familiarity-based source memory in the high-unitization condition only and a parietally distributed positivity that was associated with recollection-based source memory in both the high- and low-unitization conditions. The ERP and behavioral findings provide converging evidence for the idea that familiarity can contribute to source recognition, particularly when source information is encoded as an item detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Diana
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 134 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Orientation to learning context modulates retrieval processing for unrecognized words. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mecklinger A, Brunnemann N, Kipp K. Two processes for recognition memory in children of early school age: an event-related potential study. J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 23:435-46. [PMID: 20146611 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We examined the ERP correlates of familiarity and recollection and their development in 8- to 10-year-old children and a control group of young adults. Capitalizing on the different temporal dynamics of familiarity and recollection, we tested recognition memory in both groups with a speeded and nonspeeded response condition. Consistent with the view that familiarity is available earlier than recollection and by this more relevant for speeded recognition judgments, adults and children showed an early frontal old/new effect, the putative ERP correlate of familiarity in the speeded response condition. No parietal old/new effect, the putative ERP correlate of recollection was obtained in the speeded condition in neither group. Conversely, in the nonspeeded condition, both groups showed the parietal old/new effect, and a frontal effect was additionally observed for adults. In light of the generally lower memory accuracy of the children, these data suggested that children use a weaker and less matured version of the same explicit memory network used by adults in which familiarity and recollection differentially contribute to speeded and nonspeeded recognition memory judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mecklinger
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarland, Germany.
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40
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Zimmer HD, Ecker UKH. Remembering perceptual features unequally bound in object and episodic tokens: Neural mechanisms and their electrophysiological correlates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:1066-79. [PMID: 20138910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a neurocognitive model of long-term object memory. We propose that perceptual priming and episodic recognition are phenomena based on three distinct kinds of representations. We label these representations types and tokens. Types are prototypical representations needed for object identification. The network of non-arbitrary features necessary for object categorization is sharpened in the course of repeated identification, an effect that we call type trace and which causes perceptual priming. Tokens, on the other hand, support episodic recognition. Perirhinal structures are proposed to bind intrinsic within-object features into an object token that can be thought of as a consolidated perceptual object file. Hippocampal structures integrate object- with contextual information in an episodic token. The reinstatement of an object token is assumed to generate a feeling of familiarity, whereas recollection occurs when the reinstatement of an episodic token occurs. Retrieval mode and retrieval orientation dynamically modulate access to these representations. In this review, we apply the model to recent empirical research (behavioral, fMRI, and ERP data) including a series of studies from our own lab. We put specific emphasis on the effects that sensory features and their study-test match have on familiarity. The type-token approach fits the data and additionally provides a framework for the analysis of concepts like unitization and associative reinstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert D Zimmer
- Department of Psychology, Brain & Cognition Unit, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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41
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Enhancing cognitive control through neurofeedback: A role of gamma-band activity in managing episodic retrieval. Neuroimage 2010; 49:3404-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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42
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Cruse D, Wilding EL. Prefrontal cortex contributions to episodic retrieval monitoring and evaluation. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:2779-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nahum L, Morand S, Barcellona-Lehmann S, Schnider A. Instinctive modulation of cognitive behavior: a human evoked potential study. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:2120-31. [PMID: 18781593 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful adaptive behavior requires fast information processing. Behavioral switches may be necessary in response to threatening stimuli or when anticipated outcomes fail to occur. In this study, we explored the cortical processing of these two components using high-resolution evoked potentials. Subjects made a reversal learning task where they had to predict which one of two faces had a target stimulus on the nose. We found early electrocortical differences at 100-200 ms depending on whether the target stimulus was a spider or a disk. Source estimation indicated that this distinction was mediated by an anterior medial temporal region including the amygdala and adjacent cortex. When a switch to the alternate face was required, there was a discrete early electrocortical correlate after 200 ms, mediated by ventromedial prefrontal areas. Continued validity of stimulus-target associations was signaled at 400-520 ms, mediated by the parahippocampal region. The study indicates rapid serial processing of innate emotional quality, then cognitive-behavioral relevance of stimuli, mediated by limbic and paralimbic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Nahum
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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44
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Macpherson H, Pipingas A, Silberstein R. A steady state visually evoked potential investigation of memory and ageing. Brain Cogn 2009; 69:571-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Stenberg G, Hellman J, Johansson M, Rosén I. Familiarity or Conceptual Priming: Event-related Potentials in Name Recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2009; 21:447-60. [PMID: 18564050 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to reflect a form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. The present study examined the ERP components of recognition memory using an episodic memory task with a stimulus material consisting of names, half of which were famous. Along a different dimension, the names varied in how rare or common they were. These dimensions, frequency and fame, exerted powerful effects on memory accuracy, and dissociated the two recognition processes, such that frequency gave rise to familiarity and fame fostered recollection, when the receiver operating characteristics data were analyzed with Yonelinas' dual-process signal detection model. The ERPs corresponded fully to the behavioral data because frequency affected the frontal component exclusively, and fame affected the parietal component exclusively. Moreover, a separate behavioral experiment showed that conceptual priming was sensitive to fame, but not to frequency. Our data therefore indicate that the FN400 varies jointly with familiarity, but independently of conceptual priming.
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Kim YY, Roh AY, Namgoong Y, Jo HJ, Lee JM, Kwon JS. Cortical network dynamics during source memory retrieval: current density imaging with individual MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:78-91. [PMID: 17979123 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the neural correlates of source memory retrieval using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) with 64 channels EEG and individual MRI as a realistic head model. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 13 healthy subjects performed the source memory task for the voice of the speaker in spoken words. The source correct condition of old words elicited more positive-going potentials than the correct rejection condition of new words at 400-700 ms post-stimulus and the old/new effects also appeared in the right anterior region between 1,000 and 1,200 ms. We conducted source reconstruction at mean latencies of 311, 604, 793, and 1,100 ms and used statistical parametric mapping for the statistical analysis. The results of source analysis suggest that the activation of the right inferior parietal region may reflect retrieval of source information. The source elicited by the difference ERPs between the source correct and source incorrect conditions exhibited dynamic change of current density activation in the overall cortices with time during source memory retrieval. These results indicate that multiple neural systems may underlie the ability to recollect context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Youn Kim
- BK21 Research Division of Human Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Abstract
Incongruous episodes, relative to congruous episodes, engender better memory, but it is unclear whether recollection or familiarity is responsible. Hence, objects were encoded in either natural (yellow banana) or unnatural (blue banana) outline colors. Event-related potentials were recorded while memory was assessed by item (IT) and source (ST) tasks. During IT, unnatural color relative to natural color objects produced better memory and more positive parietal activity (500-600 ms) indicative of recollection. Surprisingly, the converse occurred in ST. As the encoding task required a natural/unnatural decision, an unnatural color object would have required activation of its natural counterpart to make an informed decision. Thus, source confusion during ST relative to IT would have led to a recollection disadvantage for unnatural color objects.
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Nie A, Guo C, Shen M. Material differences of auditory source retrieval: Evidence from event-related potential studies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gruber T, Tsivilis D, Giabbiconi CM, Müller MM. Induced Electroencephalogram Oscillations during Source Memory: Familiarity is Reflected in the Gamma Band, Recollection in the Theta Band. J Cogn Neurosci 2008; 20:1043-53. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Modulations of oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in the induced gamma and theta frequency ranges (induced gamma and theta band responses; iGBRs: >30 Hz; iTBRs: ∼6 Hz) have been associated with retrieval of information from long-term memory. However, the specific functional role of these two forms of oscillatory activity remains unclear. The present study examines theta- and gamma-oscillations within a dual-process framework, which defines “familiarity” and “recollection” as the two component processes of recognition memory. During encoding, participants were instructed to make “bigger/smaller than a shoebox” or “living/nonliving” decisions for different object pictures. During retrieval “old/new” recognition was followed (for items judged old) by a source discrimination task regarding the decision made for each item at encoding. iGBRs (35–80 Hz; 210–330 msec) were higher for correctly identified “old” relative to “new” objects. Importantly, they did not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful source judgments. In contrast, iTBRs (4–7.5 Hz; 600–1200 msec) were sensitive to source discrimination. We propose that iGBRs mirror early associative processes linked to familiarity-related retrieval processes, whereas iTBRs reflect later onsetting, episodic, recollection-related mechanisms.
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Riby LM, Smallwood J, Gunn VP. Mind Wandering and Retrieval from Episodic Memory: A Pilot Event-Related Potential Study. Psychol Rep 2008; 102:805-18. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.102.3.805-818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of mind wandering (task-unrelated thought) on the subcomponents of episodic memory as reflected by event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, individual differences in the pattern of ERP episodic ‘old/new’ effects (left-parietal, right-frontal and central-negativity effects) were examined across groups of participants experiencing either high or low frequencies of task-unrelated thought during encoding. Twenty participants studied lists of words and line drawings in one of two contexts (red versus green coloured boxes). At test, participants discriminated between target (old words or line drawings presented in one colour) and nontargets (old items from the other colour and new items). On completion of the memory task, participants completed the ‘thinking’ component of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire to provide a retrospective measure of task-unrelated thought. Behavioural data indicated that irrespective of the presence of task-unrelated thought, participants were able to complete the memory task equally well. However, an analysis of ERPs across High and Low task-unrelated thought groups revealed differences in retrieval strategy. Those individuals with infrequent episodes of task-unrelated thought at study used a ‘pure’ recollection strategy (left-parietal effect only). Conversely, those participants experiencing frequent episodes of task-unrelated thought were unable to recollect the stimuli with ease, as indexed by a diminished parietal effect. As a consequence, these participants employed additional strategic processes for task completion, as indexed by an elevated amplitude of central negativity effects. These data are consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of mind wandering which suggests impaired recollection when attention becomes directed away from the task.
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