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Chemogenetic attenuation of cortical seizures in nonhuman primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:971. [PMID: 36854724 PMCID: PMC9975184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder in which abnormal neuronal hyperexcitation causes several types of seizures. Because pharmacological and surgical treatments occasionally interfere with normal brain function, a more focused and on-demand approach is desirable. Here we examined the efficacy of a chemogenetic tool-designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)-for treating focal seizure in a nonhuman primate model. Acute infusion of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the forelimb region of unilateral primary motor cortex caused paroxysmal discharges with twitching and stiffening of the contralateral arm, followed by recurrent cortical discharges with hemi- and whole-body clonic seizures in two male macaque monkeys. Expression of an inhibitory DREADD (hM4Di) throughout the seizure focus, and subsequent on-demand administration of a DREADD-selective agonist, rapidly suppressed the wide-spread seizures. These results demonstrate the efficacy of DREADDs for attenuating cortical seizure in a nonhuman primate model.
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Large-scale multimodal surface neural interfaces for primates. iScience 2022; 26:105866. [PMID: 36647381 PMCID: PMC9840154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the function of neural circuits can help with the understanding of brain function and treating neurological disorders. Progress toward this goal relies on the development of chronically stable neural interfaces capable of recording and modulating neural circuits with high spatial and temporal precision across large areas of the brain. Advanced innovations in designing high-density neural interfaces for small animal models have enabled breakthrough discoveries in neuroscience research. Developing similar neurotechnology for larger animal models such as nonhuman primates (NHPs) is critical to gain significant insights for translation to humans, yet still it remains elusive due to the challenges in design, fabrication, and system-level integration of such devices. This review focuses on implantable surface neural interfaces with electrical and optical functionalities with emphasis on the required technological features to realize scalable multimodal and chronically stable implants to address the unique challenges associated with nonhuman primate studies.
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Liu N, Iijima A, Iwata Y, Ohashi K, Fujisawa N, Sasaoka T, Hasegawa I. Mental construction of object symbols from meaningless elements by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3566. [PMID: 35246592 PMCID: PMC8897398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When writing an object's name, humans mentally construct its spelling. This capacity critically depends on use of the dual-structured linguistic system, in which meaningful words are represented by combinations of meaningless letters. Here we search for the evolutionary origin of this capacity in primates by designing dual-structured bigram symbol systems where different combinations of meaningless elements represent different objects. Initially, we trained Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in an object-bigram symbolization task and in a visually-guided bigram construction task. Subsequently, we conducted a probe test using a symbolic bigram construction task. From the initial trial of the probe test, the Japanese macaques could sequentially choose the two elements of a bigram that was not actually seen but signified by a visually presented object. Moreover, the animals' spontaneous choice order bias, developed through the visually-guided bigram construction learning, was immediately generalized to the symbolic bigram construction test. Learning of dual-structured symbols by the macaques possibly indicates pre-linguistic adaptations for the ability of mentally constructing symbols in the common ancestors of humans and Old World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi St, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Iijima
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi St, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. .,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. .,School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. .,Neurophysiology & Biomedical Engineering Lab, Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 2-no-chou, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi St, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kento Ohashi
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi St, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Isao Hasegawa
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi St, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Woolgar A. When the Whole Is Less Than the Sum of Its Parts: Maximum Object Category Information and Behavioral Prediction in Multiscale Activation Patterns. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:825746. [PMID: 35310090 PMCID: PMC8924472 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.825746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural codes are reflected in complex neural activation patterns. Conventional electroencephalography (EEG) decoding analyses summarize activations by averaging/down-sampling signals within the analysis window. This diminishes informative fine-grained patterns. While previous studies have proposed distinct statistical features capable of capturing variability-dependent neural codes, it has been suggested that the brain could use a combination of encoding protocols not reflected in any one mathematical feature alone. To check, we combined 30 features using state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised feature selection procedures (n = 17). Across three datasets, we compared decoding of visual object category between these 17 sets of combined features, and between combined and individual features. Object category could be robustly decoded using the combined features from all of the 17 algorithms. However, the combination of features, which were equalized in dimension to the individual features, were outperformed across most of the time points by the multiscale feature of Wavelet coefficients. Moreover, the Wavelet coefficients also explained the behavioral performance more accurately than the combined features. These results suggest that a single but multiscale encoding protocol may capture the EEG neural codes better than any combination of protocols. Our findings put new constraints on the models of neural information encoding in EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lu HY, Lorenc ES, Zhu H, Kilmarx J, Sulzer J, Xie C, Tobler PN, Watrous AJ, Orsborn AL, Lewis-Peacock J, Santacruz SR. Multi-scale neural decoding and analysis. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34284369 PMCID: PMC8840800 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Complex spatiotemporal neural activity encodes rich information related to behavior and cognition. Conventional research has focused on neural activity acquired using one of many different measurement modalities, each of which provides useful but incomplete assessment of the neural code. Multi-modal techniques can overcome tradeoffs in the spatial and temporal resolution of a single modality to reveal deeper and more comprehensive understanding of system-level neural mechanisms. Uncovering multi-scale dynamics is essential for a mechanistic understanding of brain function and for harnessing neuroscientific insights to develop more effective clinical treatment. Approach. We discuss conventional methodologies used for characterizing neural activity at different scales and review contemporary examples of how these approaches have been combined. Then we present our case for integrating activity across multiple scales to benefit from the combined strengths of each approach and elucidate a more holistic understanding of neural processes. Main results. We examine various combinations of neural activity at different scales and analytical techniques that can be used to integrate or illuminate information across scales, as well the technologies that enable such exciting studies. We conclude with challenges facing future multi-scale studies, and a discussion of the power and potential of these approaches. Significance. This roadmap will lead the readers toward a broad range of multi-scale neural decoding techniques and their benefits over single-modality analyses. This Review article highlights the importance of multi-scale analyses for systematically interrogating complex spatiotemporal mechanisms underlying cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lu
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S Lorenc
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Justin Kilmarx
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - James Sulzer
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- University of Zurich, Neuroeconomics and Social Neuroscience, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Watrous
- The University of Texas at Austin, Neurology, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Amy L Orsborn
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,University of Washington, Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Lewis-Peacock
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Santacruz
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
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Griggs DJ, Khateeb K, Zhou J, Liu T, Wang R, Yazdan-Shahmorad A. Multi-modal artificial dura for simultaneous large-scale optical access and large-scale electrophysiology in non-human primate cortex. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abf28d. [PMID: 33770770 PMCID: PMC8523212 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf28d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Non-human primates (NHPs) are critical for development of translational neural technologies because of their neurological and neuroanatomical similarities to humans. Large-scale neural interfaces in NHPs with multiple modalities for stimulation and data collection poise us to unveil network-scale dynamics of both healthy and unhealthy neural systems. We aim to develop a large-scale multi-modal interface for NHPs for the purpose of studying large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery.Approach.We present a multi-modal artificial dura (MMAD) composed of flexible conductive traces printed into transparent medical grade polymer. Our MMAD provides simultaneous neurophysiological recordings and optical access to large areas of the cortex (∼3 cm2) and is designed to mitigate photo-induced electrical artifacts. The MMAD is the centerpiece of the interfaces we have designed to support electrocorticographic recording and stimulation, cortical imaging, and optogenetic experiments, all at the large-scales afforded by the brains of NHPs. We performed electrical and optical experiments bench-side andin vivowith macaques to validate the utility of our MMAD.Main results.Using our MMAD we present large-scale electrocorticography from sensorimotor cortex of three macaques. Furthermore, we validated surface electrical stimulation in one of our animals. Our bench-side testing showed up to 90% reduction of photo-induced artifacts with our MMAD. The transparency of our MMAD was confirmed both via bench-side testing (87% transmittance) and viain vivoimaging of blood flow from the underlying microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography.Significance.Our results indicate that our MMAD supports large-scale electrocorticography, large-scale cortical imaging, and, by extension, large-scale optical stimulation. The MMAD prepares the way for both acute and long-term chronic experiments with complimentary data collection and stimulation modalities. When paired with the complex behaviors and cognitive abilities of NHPs, these assets prepare us to study large-scale neural phenomena including neural disease, damage, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Griggs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Karam Khateeb
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Zhou
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Hayashi T, Akikawa R, Kawasaki K, Egawa J, Minamimoto T, Kobayashi K, Kato S, Hori Y, Nagai Y, Iijima A, Someya T, Hasegawa I. Macaques Exhibit Implicit Gaze Bias Anticipating Others' False-Belief-Driven Actions via Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4433-4444.e5. [PMID: 32234478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to infer others' mental states is essential to social interactions. This ability, critically evaluated by testing whether one attributes false beliefs (FBs) to others, has been considered to be uniquely hominid and to accompany the activation of a distributed brain network. We challenge the taxon specificity of this ability and identify the causal brain locus by introducing an anticipatory-looking FB paradigm combined with chemogenetic neuronal manipulation in macaque monkeys. We find spontaneous gaze bias of macaques implicitly anticipating others' FB-driven actions. Silencing of the medial prefrontal neuronal activity with inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically eliminates the implicit gaze bias while leaving the animals' visually guided and memory-guided tracking abilities intact. Thus, neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex could have a causal role in FB-attribution-like behaviors in the primate lineage, emphasizing the importance of probing the neuronal mechanisms underlying theory of mind with relevant macaque animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Akikawa
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawasaki
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Iijima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology, and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University. Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Isao Hasegawa
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
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