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Wang S, Wang H, Jiang Q, Dai J, Dai W, Kang X, Xu T, Zheng X, Fu A, Xing Z, Chen Y, He Z, Lu L, Gu L. Supplementation of dietary areca nut extract modulates the growth performance, cecal microbiota composition, and immune function in Wenchang chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1278312. [PMID: 38192720 PMCID: PMC10773572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1278312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on the growth performance, cecal microbiota, and immunity of Wenchang chickens. Methods For this study, 42-day-old healthy Wenchang chickens (n = 450) with similar body weight were chosen. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate. One group was fed a basal diet (control; CCK). The remaining four groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with varying ANE concentrations: 0.038, 0.063, 0.100, and 0.151 g/kg, with the groups denoted as CNT1, CNT2, CNT3, and CNT4, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted 35 days. The ligated cecum segments of the control and experimental groups were collected for metabolomic and metagenomic analysis, while the bone marrow samples were extracted for tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis. Results All the experimental groups exhibited significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) and significantly lower feed-to-weight (F/G) ratios than CCK. Metabolomic screening of the cecum contents revealed the presence of 544 differential metabolites, including several gut health-related metabolites, such as xanthine, hydroxy hypoxanthine, 2,5-dimethylhydrazine, ganoderic acid, and 2-aminohexanoic acid. Metagenomic analysis of the cecum contents showed an upregulation in the abundance of Prevotella spp. in the experimental groups. However, we observed no significant differences in the abundances of other cecal microbes at phylum and genus levels. Furthermore, we observed significant associations between Prevotella spp. and the differentially abundant metabolites, such as cherubins, thiaburimamide, and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, (r)-mevalonate, 5-O-methylalloptaeroxylin, nalidixic acid, and deoxyloganin (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins (such as interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5), MHC-BF1, and death domain-associated protein (Daxx)) in the bone marrow of the chickens were primarily enriched in the immune network for IgA production and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary ANE supplementation was found to enhance metabolic activity and energy utilization, improve growth performance, modulate cecal microbiota, and strengthen the immunity of Wenchang chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wang
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Areca Processing Research, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qicheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiahui Dai
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Areca Processing Research, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Areca Processing Research, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoning Kang
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Areca Processing Research, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xinli Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - An Fu
- Wenchang City Wenchang Chicken Research Institute, Wenchang, China
| | - Zengyang Xing
- Wenchang Spring of Dragon Wenchang Chicken Industrial Co., Ltd., Wenchang, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Hainan Inheriting Good Taste Wenchang Chicken Industry Co., Ltd., Wenchang, China
| | - Zhongchun He
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Yi S, Chen K, Sakao K, Ikenaga M, Wang Y, Hou DX. Assessment of Areca Nut Bioactivities in Western Diet-Induced Mice NAFLD Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102403. [PMID: 37242285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The areca nut is often consumed as a chewing food in the Asian region. Our previous study revealed that the areca nut is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we further assessed the effects and molecular mechanisms of the areca nut and its major ingredients on a Western diet-induced mice dyslipidemia model. Male C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), Western diet (WD), WD with areca nut extracts (ANE), areca nut polyphenols (ANP), and arecoline (ARE) for 12 weeks. The results revealed that ANP significantly reduced WD-induced body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat, and liver total lipid. Serum biomarkers showed that ANP ameliorated WD-enhanced total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL). Moreover, analysis of cellular signaling pathways revealed that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryld coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were significantly downregulated by ANP. The results of gut microbiota analysis revealed that ANP increased the abundance of beneficial bacterium Akkermansias and decreased the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Ruminococcus while ARE shown the opposite result to ANP. In summary, our data indicated that areca nut polyphenol ameliorated WD-induced dyslipidemia by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota and reducing the expressions of SREBP2 and HMGCR while areca nut ARE inhibited this improvement potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Keyu Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health, Health Service and Management, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikenaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Lan Q, Guan P, Huang C, Huang S, Zhou P, Zhang C. Arecoline Induces an Excitatory Response in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons in Anesthetized Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872212. [PMID: 35548350 PMCID: PMC9081529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecoline is the principle psychoactive alkaloid in areca nuts. Areca nuts are chewable seeds of Areca catechu L., which are epidemic plants that grow in tropical and subtropical countries and cause dependency after long-term use. However, the mechanisms underlying such dependency remain largely unclear, and therefore, no effective interventions for its cessation have been developed. The present study aimed to examine the effects of arecoline on neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). After rats were anesthetized and craniotomized, electrophysiological electrodes were lowered into the VTA to obtain extracellular recordings. The mean firing rate of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons were then calculated and analyzed before and after arecoline treatment. The burst characteristics of the dopaminergic neurons were also analyzed. The results showed that arecoline evoked a significant enhancement of the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons, but not GABAergic neurons. Moreover, arecoline evoked remarkable burst firings in the dopaminergic neurons, including an increase in the burst rate, elongation in the burst duration, and an enhancement in the number of spikes per burst. Collectively, the findings revealed that arecoline significantly excited VTA dopaminergic neurons, which may be a mechanism underlying areca nut dependency and a potential target for areca nut cessation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Lan
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peiqing Guan
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunzheng Huang
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peiling Zhou
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Changzheng Zhang, ; Peiling Zhou,
| | - Changzheng Zhang
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Changzheng Zhang, ; Peiling Zhou,
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Betel Nut Arecoline Induces Different Phases of Growth Arrest between Normal and Cancerous Prostate Cells through the Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239219. [PMID: 33287214 PMCID: PMC7729937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a reproductive system cancer in elderly men. We investigated the effects of betel nut arecoline on the growth of normal and cancerous prostate cells. Normal RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells, androgen-independent PC-3 PCa cells, and androgen-dependent LNCaP PCa cells were used. Arecoline inhibited their growth in dose- and time-dependent manners. Arecoline caused RWPE-1 and PC-3 cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and LNCaP cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase. In RWPE-1 cells, arecoline increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, p21, and cyclins B1 and D3, decreased the expression of CDK2, and had no effects on CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression. In PC-3 cells, arecoline decreased CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, p21, p27, and cyclin D1 and D3 protein expression and increased cyclin B1 protein expression. In LNCaP cells, arecoline decreased CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression; increased p21, p27, and cyclin D3 expression; had no effects on CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked the arecoline-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production, decreased cell viability, altered the cell cycle, and changed the cell cycle regulatory protein levels. Thus, arecoline oxidant exerts differential effects on the cell cycle through modulations of regulatory proteins.
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Pan YP, Hsu TY, Lin JY, Ho CJ, Kuan CY, Chou WC, Lai CH, Chang PH, Yeh KY. Prognostic Significance of Low Body Mass Index and Betel-Quid Use in the 5-Year Survival Rates of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Nutr Cancer 2019; 70:1315-1321. [PMID: 30900908 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1588983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine the relationship between clinicopathological features, varied malnutrition criteria, and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. METHODS Six malnutrition criteria (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2, serum albumin level < 3.5 g/dL, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.5, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) > 17, prognostic nutrition index (PNI) < 40, and blood total lymphocyte count (TLC) < 1,600 cells/mm3) were measured in 205 ESCC patients at the time of diagnosis. Malnutrition status and clinicopathological features were tested for prognostic effects on the 5-year survival rate. RESULTS Malnutrition rates vary according to nutrition assessment tools, ranging from 21.5% based on BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 to 67.8% based on PNI < 40. These rates are associated with increased inflammation, but they showed no difference among various tumor stages. After adjustment of demographic variables and comorbid status, advanced tumor stage, low BMI at diagnosis, and betel quid use showed prognostic significance in the 5-year survival rate based on a multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Different nutrition assessment criteria produced different malnutrition rates. Advanced tumor stage, low BMI at diagnosis, and betel quid use were independent prognostic factors for worse survival of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Pan
- a Department of Nutrition , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Ting-You Hsu
- a Department of Nutrition , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lin
- a Department of Nutrition , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Ho
- a Department of Nutrition , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ying Kuan
- a Department of Nutrition , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- b Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kweishan , Taiwan.,c College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Lai
- c College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,d Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- c College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,d Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- c College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,d Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan
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Tian ZH, Weng JT, Shih LJ, Siao AC, Chan TY, Tsuei YW, Kuo YC, Wang TS, Kao YH. Arecoline inhibits the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via AMP-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200508. [PMID: 30011295 PMCID: PMC6047799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the pathways involved in the effect of betel nut arecoline on cell viability in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Arecoline, but not arecaidine or guvacine, inhibited preadipocyte viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Arecoline arrested preadipocyte growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; decreased the total levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), p21, and p27 proteins; increased p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels; and had no effect on CDK2 protein levels. These results suggested that arecoline selectively affected a particular CDK subfamily. Arecoline inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity; conversely, the AMPK activator, AICAR, blocked the arecoline-induced inhibition of cell viability. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, prevented the actions of arecoline on cell viability, G2/M growth arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of CDK1, p21, p27, p53, cyclin B1, and phospho-AMPK proteins. These AMPK- and ROS-dependent effects of arecoline on preadipocyte growth may be related to the mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of arecoline on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Tian
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jueng-Tsueng Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chung Shan Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ci Siao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsuei
- Department of Emergency, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHK); (YWT)
| | - Yow-Chii Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YHK); (YWT)
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