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Handle KF, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Phosphonium based anion exchange resin for enrichment of phenolic acids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464049. [PMID: 37178554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the efficiency of a phosphonium-based strong anion exchange sorbent for the extraction of some selected phenolic acids. The material was synthesized through chloromethylation of a porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) substrate with high degree of crosslinking, followed by quaternarization with tributyl phosphine. The parameters affecting the solid phase extraction of five phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid were optimized. The sample pH and the type, volume and concentration of the eluting solutions were investigated. The analysis of the phenolic acids after extraction was performed using HPLC with diode array detection. Limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linear range, correlation coefficient and reproducibility for the determination of the phenolic acids were estimated. The retention of the phenolic acids on the developed phase was studied using breakthrough analysis. The experimental breakthrough curves were fitted by Boltzmann's function, and the regression parameters were utilized for the determination of the breakthrough parameters. The results obtained using the developed phase were compared with those obtained by the commercially available Oasis MAX sorbent. The proposed approach was successfully applied for the extraction and pre-concentration of rosmarinic acid from rosemary leaf (Rosmarini folium) alcoholic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F Handle
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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2
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Multi-layer solid-phase extraction and evaporation—enrichment methods for polar organic chemicals from aqueous matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2403-2411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Tomaszewski W, Gun'ko VM. Evaluation of adsorption and desorption steps in the solid-phase extraction of explosives using carbon/silica gel nanocomposites. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2488-95. [PMID: 25914305 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New series of carbon/silica gel nanocomposites, carbosils, prepared by the carbonization of starch bound to silica gel, and carbosils additionally silylated with octadecyldimethylchlorosilane were synthesized. These materials were applied as adsorbents in the solid-phase extraction of explosive nitrate esters and nitroaromatics from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and desorption steps were evaluated separately. It was found that both the molecular properties of explosives (dipole moments, orbital energies, solvation effects) and textural properties influenced by carbon deposits or octadecyl moieties have a large impact on the recovery rates. It was shown that the composites with moderate content of carbon deposits or with the highest amounts of carbon deposits and additionally silylated can be used as materials tailored for extraction of explosives from the aqueous solutions.
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4
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Kwietniewski L. DETERMINATION OF SOLUTE RETENTION FACTORS IN RPLC WITH PURE WATER AS EFFLUENT USING A NUMERICAL METHOD BASED ON THE OŚCIK'S EQUATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903524076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludomir Kwietniewski
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry , Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
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5
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Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Wawrzynowicz T. STRATEGY OF PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Medical University , Staszica 6, Lublin, 20-081, Poland
| | - T. Wawrzynowicz
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Medical University , Staszica 6, Lublin, 20-081, Poland
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Bieganowska M, Soczewiński E, Waksmundzka-hajnos M. Effect of Modifier on the Retention of Solutes in Reversed-Phase Thin-Layer Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918508067137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Shelke M, Sanghi SK, Asthana A, Lamba S, Sharma M. Fast separation and sensitive detection of carcinogenic aromatic amines by reversed-phase μ-liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:52-8. [PMID: 16130771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A micro-LC method was developed for the fast and sensitive analysis of aromatic amines by electrochemical detection. The chromatographic separation of nine carcinogenic aromatic amines was performed on an ABZ + PLUS column with detection limits up to pM L(-1) levels. Mobile phase comprised of methanol-acetate buffer of pH 5 (45:55, v/v) used at a flow rate of 0.2 ml min(-1). The detection was performed with a 6 mm glassy carbon electrode at an applied potential of 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. An intraday RSD for retention time and peak area were between 0.22% and 0.73% and 1.86% and 4.03%, respectively. The interdays RSD for retention time and peak area were between 0.47% and 1.35% and 2.04% and 4.42%, respectively. The applicability of the assay has been demonstrated by analyzing these aromatic amines in lake water and synthetic food colour additives. A comparison is given between electrochemical and UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Shelke
- Microfluidics and MEMS Group, Regional Research Laboratory, Bhopal 462 026, India
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8
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Liska I. Fifty years of solid-phase extraction in water analysis--historical development and overview. J Chromatogr A 2000; 885:3-16. [PMID: 10941664 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a must in an analysis of organic micropollutants in water. The efforts to use a solid phase for the recovery of analytes from a water matrix prior to their detection have a long history. Since the first experimental trials using activated carbon filters that were performed 50 years ago, solid-phase extraction (SPE) has become an established sample preparation technique. The initial experimental applications of SPE resulted in widespread use of this technique in current water analysis and also to adoption of SPE into standardized analytical methods. During the decades of its evolution, chromatographers became aware of the advantages of SPE and, despite many innovations that appeared in the last decade, new SPE developments are still expected in the future. A brief overview of 50 years of the history of the use of SPE in organic trace analysis of water is given in presented paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Liska
- Water Research Institute, Nábrezie Svobodu 5, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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9
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of graphitized carbonaceous sorbents used for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organic compounds from liquid natural matrices or extracts. The surface characteristics of graphitized carbon blacks and porous graphitic carbons are described which are responsible for the various types interactions (hydrophobic, electronic and ion-exchange) with analytes. The method development is given which is based on the prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data obtained using porous graphitic carbon. Emphasis is placed on their capability for trapping very polar and water-soluble analytes from aqueous samples. Comparison is made between carbon-based SPE sorbents and other reversed-phase materials such as octadecyl silicas and highly cross-linked copolymers. Especially, the difficulty encountered for the desorption of some strongly retained analytes is explained by LC data and solutions are given for optimizing the composition and volume of the desorption solution. Many examples illustrate the various common features of graphitized carbons which are the extraction of very polar analytes and multiresidue extractions. Some applications are specific to graphitized carbon black due to the presence of surface functional groups. They include the extraction of anionic compounds such as benzene and naphthalene sulfonates or acidic pesticides. Other applications are specific to porous graphitic carbon due to its flat and homogeneous surface. One example is the trace extraction of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from other PCB congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (CNRS 657), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
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Chapter 4 Sample handling and analysis of pesticides and their transformation products in water matrices by liquid chromatographic techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(00)80010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Hennion MC. Solid-phase extraction: method development, sorbents, and coupling with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:3-54. [PMID: 10526783 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of the new solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials, their interaction mode and their potential for modern SPE. First, the recent developments are given in formats, phases, automation, high throughput purpose and set-up of new types of procedures. Emphasis is then placed on the large choice of sorbents for trapping analytes over a wide range of polarities, such as highly cross-linked copolymers, functionalized copolymers, graphitized carbons or some specific n-alkylsilicas. The method development is given which is based on prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data or solvation parameters in order to determine the main parameters of any sequence (type and amount of sorbent, sample volume which can be applied without loss of recovery, composition and volume of the clean-up solution, composition and volume of the desorption solution). Obtaining extracts free from matrix interferences in a few steps--one step when possible--is now included in the development of SPE procedure. New selective phases such as mixed-mode and restricted access matrix sorbents or emerging phases such as immunosorbents or molecularly imprinted polymers are reviewed. Selectivity obtained by combining two sorbents is described with the use of ion-exchange or ion-pair sorbents. Special attention is given to complete automation of the SPE sequence with its on-line coupling with liquid chromatography followed by various detection modes. This represents a fast, modern and reliable approach to trace analysis. Many examples illustrate the various features of modern SPE which are discussed in this review. They have been selected in both biological and environmental areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
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12
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Solid-Phase Extraction of Phenol and Chlorophenols in Water with a Chemically Modified Polymer-Supported Tetrakis(p-carboxyphenyl) Porphyrin (H2TCPP). Microchem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1999.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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14
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Sample Handling Techniques (Extraction and Clean-up of Samples). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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On-Line Sample Handling Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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16
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Slobodník J, Oztezkizan O, Lingeman H, Brinkman UA. Solid-phase extraction of polar pesticides from environmental water samples on graphitized carbon and Empore-activated carbon disks and on-line coupling to octadecyl-bonded silica analytical columns. J Chromatogr A 1996; 750:227-38. [PMID: 8938388 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of Empore-activated carbon disks (EACD), Envi-Carb graphitized carbon black (GCB) and CPP-50 graphitized carbon for the trace enrichment of polar pesticides from water samples was studied by means of off-line and on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE). In the off-line procedure, 0.5-2 l samples spiked with a test mixture of oxamyl, methomyl and aldicarb sulfoxide were enriched on EnviCarb SPE cartridges or 47 mm diameter EACD and eluted with dichloromethane-methanol. After evaporation, a sample was injected onto a C18-bonded silica column and analysed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (LC-UV) detection. EACD performed better than EnviCarb cartridges in terms of breakthrough volumes (> 2 l for all test analytes), reproducibility (R.S.D. of recoveries, 4-8%, n = 3) and sampling speed (100 ml/min); detection limits in drinking water were 0.05-0.16 microgram/l. In the on-line experiments, 4.6 mm diameter pieces cut from original EACD and stacked onto each other in a 9 mm long precolumn, and EnviCarb and CPP-50 packed in 10 x 2.0 mm I.D. precolumn, were tested, and 50-200 ml spiked water samples were preconcentrated. Because of the peak broadening caused by the strong sorption of the analytes on carbon, the carbon-packed precolumns were eluted by a separate stream of 0.1 ml/min acetonitrile which was mixed with the gradient LC eluent in front of the C18 analytical column. The final on-line procedure was also applied for the less polar propoxur, carbaryl and methiocarb. EnviCarb could not be used due to its poor pressure resistance. CPP-50 provided less peak broadening than EACD: peak widths were 0.1-0.3 min and R.S.D. of peak heights 4-14% (n = 3). In terms of analyte trapping efficiency on-line SPE-LC-UV with a CPP-50 precolumn also showed better performance than when Bondesil C18/OH or polymeric PLRP-S was used, but chromatographic resolution was similar. With the CPP-50-based system, detection limits of the test compounds were 0.05-1 microgram/l in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slobodník
- Free University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Liška I, Slobodník J. Comparison of gas and liquid chromatography for analysing polar pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Barceló D, Hennion MC. On-line sample handling strategies for the trace-level determination of pesticides and their degradation products in environmental waters. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hennion MC, Coquart V, Guenu S, Sella C. Retention behaviour of polar compounds using porous graphitic carbon with water-rich mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Hennion MC, Coquart V. Comparison of reversed-phase extraction sorbents for the on-line trace enrichment of polar organic compounds in environmental aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80089-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Hennion MC, Scribe P. Chapter 2 Sample Handling Strategies For The Analysis Of Organic Compounds From Environmental Water Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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22
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Liquid chromatographic retention and separation of phenols and related aromatic compounds on reversed phase columns. Chromatographia 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02276128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Trace-level determination of polar phenolic compounds in aqueous samples by high-performance liquid chromatography and on-line preconcentration on porous graphitic carbon. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Hennion M. Sample handling strategies for the analysis of non-volatile organic compounds from environmental water samples. Trends Analyt Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(91)87007-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Marvin CH, Brindle ID, Hall CD, Chiba M. Rapid on-line precolumn high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of benomyl, carbendazim and aldicarb species in drinking water. J Chromatogr A 1991; 555:147-54. [PMID: 1783624 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of trace concentrations of benomyl, carbendazim, aldicarb, aldicarb sulphoxide and aldicarb sulphone in drinking water. A 10-ml sample of water is passed through a 3-cm precolumn, packed with 5-microns C8 sorbent, at a flow-rate of 5 ml/min. The HPLC system is then switched to an acetonitrile-water gradient elution program. The preconcentrated analytes are eluted from, and separated by, the 3-cm C8 precolumn and determined by UV absorption. The total analytical time is 25 min. The lowest detectable concentrations are in the range of 2.5 x 10(-9)-11.0 x 10(-9) g/ml for the five analytes investigated with 10 ml of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Coquart V, Hennion MC. Interference removal in the organic trace-level analysis of aqueous environmental samples by on-line liquid chromatographic preconcentration techniques with two precolumns. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Determination of polar aniline derivatives in aqueous environmental samples using on-line liquid chromatographic preconcentration techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00323805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Possibilities of determination and prediction of solute capacity factors in reversed-phase systems with pure water as the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Poole SK, Dean TA, Oudsema JW, Poole CF. Sample preparation for chromatographic separations: an overview. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Liška I, Krupčíik J, Leclercq PA. The use of solid sorbents for direct accumulation of organic compounds from water matrices-a review of solid-phase extraction techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Recovery of organic compounds from large-volume aqueous samples using on-line liquid chromatographic preconcentration techniques. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(86)80011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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33
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Nielen M, Frei R, Brinkman U. Chapter 1 On-Line Sample Handling and Trace Enrichment in Liquid Chromatography. The Determination of Organic Compounds in Water Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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34
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Robinson JL, John J, Safa AI, Kirkes KA, Griffith PE. Evaluation of disposable cartridges for trace enrichment from aqueous solutions. J Chromatogr A 1987; 402:201-10. [PMID: 3654866 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(87)80018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selected aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, and food, drug and cosmetic (FD&C) dyes are isolated from aqueous solutions with Chrom-Prep PRP-1 and Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. The Chrom-Prep cartridges demonstrate greater adsorption capacity for model aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters than Sep-Pak C18 cartridges; however, the latter exhibits greater capacity for the FD&C dyes, which have breakthrough volumes that are a function of pH. Both cartridge types show a small amount of analyte leakage during the trace enrichment step, which is measured by monitoring the cartridge effluents for the presence of 14C-labeled solute. Two PRP-1 cartridges connected in tandem reduce the amount of activity in the effluent by approximately one half.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Robinson
- Physical Sciences Department, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant 74701
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35
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Comparison of octadecyl-bonded silica and styrene—divinylbenzene copolymer sorbents for trace enrichment purposes. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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37
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Nielen M, Bleeker R, Frei R, Brinkman U. Use of a pre-column packed with mercury(II)-8-hydroxyquinoline for the selective on-line trace enrichment of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Extraction and enrichment of chlorinated phenols from surface waters for the determination by capillary-GC/FTIR-spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00464481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Wawrzynowicz T, Soczewiński E, Czapińska K. Formation and migration of zones in overloaded preparative liquid-solid chromatography. Chromatographia 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02259691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Ogawa I, S. Fritz J. Determination of low concentrations of low-molecular-weight aldehydes and ketones in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Varney MS, Preson MR. Measurement of trace aromatic amines in seawater using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Use of cation exchangers for the on-line preconcentration of polar anilines in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Nazareth A, Jaramillo L, Karger BL, Giese RW, Snyder LR. Automated analysis of antiepileptic drugs in serum by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 309:357-68. [PMID: 6480787 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic column-switching system is presented for the analysis of antiepileptic drugs in serum. Initial results show that a reversed-phase extraction column works best overall when fitted with screens versus frits, and when packed with porous 30-micron particles as opposed to a pellicular packing of similar size or with smaller porous particles. The continuous analysis of primidone for over 2000 serum samples is achieved at a rate of twelve samples per hour with a single analytical column. An analogous boxcar high-performance liquid chromatographic system is also assembled and used to analyze two of four injected antiepileptic drugs at a rate of 40 samples per hour. For 1000 of these analyses, the coefficient of variation is 1% without an internal standard.
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44
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Nondek L, Chvalovský V. On-line pre-concentration and liquid chromatography of azaarenes using nitroaromatic sorbents. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Goewie C, Nielen M, Frei R, Brinkman U. Optimization of precolumn design in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Pre-column technology in high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenylurea herbicides in water in the presence of their anilines. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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