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Susanti I, Pratiwi R, Rosandi Y, Hasanah AN. Separation Methods of Phenolic Compounds from Plant Extract as Antioxidant Agents Candidate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:965. [PMID: 38611494 PMCID: PMC11013868 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, discovering new drug candidates has become a top priority in research. Natural products have proven to be a promising source for such discoveries as many researchers have successfully isolated bioactive compounds with various activities that show potential as drug candidates. Among these compounds, phenolic compounds have been frequently isolated due to their many biological activities, including their role as antioxidants, making them candidates for treating diseases related to oxidative stress. The isolation method is essential, and researchers have sought to find effective procedures that maximize the purity and yield of bioactive compounds. This review aims to provide information on the isolation or separation methods for phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities using column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, counter-current chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, molecularly imprinted technologies, and high-performance thin layer chromatography. For isolation or purification, the molecularly imprinted technologies represent a more accessible and more efficient procedure because they can be applied directly to the extract to reduce the complicated isolation process. However, it still requires further development and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike Susanti
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rimadani Pratiwi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yudi Rosandi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 r, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Drug Development Study Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Computer assisted scale up from analytical HPLC to preparative MPLC for the separation of phenolic compounds. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hwu JR, Wu IF, Shiao SS, Tseng WN, Huang JJ, Chen BL. New Fragmentation Process in Mass Spectrometry of Carbonyl Compounds with a δ-Silyl Group. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om980804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - I-Fay Wu
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - Shui-Sheng Shiao
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - Wen Nan Tseng
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Jyh Huang
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - Buh-Luen Chen
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China; and Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
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Hwu JR, Tseng WN, Gnabre J, Giza P, Huang RC. Antiviral activities of methylated nordihydroguaiaretic acids. 1. Synthesis, structure identification, and inhibition of tat-regulated HIV transactivation. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2994-3000. [PMID: 9685238 DOI: 10.1021/jm970819w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, meso-1) possesses four phenolic hydroxyl groups. Treatment of NDGA with 0.50-4.1 equiv of dimethyl sulfate and 3.0-6.0 equiv of potassium carbonate in acetone at 56 degrees C gave nine methylated products. Eight of those mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-O-methylated NDGAs were isolated in pure form, and their structures were identified unambiguously by spectroscopic methods. A preparative amount of tetramethyl NDGA M4N (10) was obtained in 99% yield from NDGA by use of 4.1 equiv of dimethyl sulfate for the methylation. Among the eight different methylated NDGAs (2-6 and 8-10), tetra-O-methyl-NDGA (10) showed the strongest anti-HIV activity (IC50 11 microM). Chemically synthesized 3'-O-methyl-NDGA ((+/-)-2) showed identical anti-HIV activity (IC50 25 microM) to the lignan isolated from Creosote Bush. Lignans with methylated catecholic hydroxyl groups can be produced in large quantities with low cost. At drug concentrations below 30 microM tetramethyl NDGA (10) was a stronger anti-HIV agent than mono- and dimethylated NDGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hwu
- Organosilicon and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China, and Departmen
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Hwu JR, Wetzel JM, Lee JS, Butcher RJ. Comparison of the electronic effect and the steric influence between the 1,1,2,2,2-pentamethyldisilanyl and the trimethylsilyl groups. J Organomet Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(93)80322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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