Expeditive Chromatographic Methods for Quantification of Solifenacin Succinate along with its Official Impurity as the Possible Acid Degradation Product

Two selective stability-indicating procedures were adopted for the quantification of Solifenacin succinate (SOL) along with its acid degradant, in its powder form or in pharmaceutical tablet. Under stress conditions, the acid degradation pathway of SOL was investigated, its official impurity (SOL imp-A) was obtained as the possible acid degradation product, also. A densitometric technique based on the separation of SOL from SOL imp-A employing HPTLC plates prelaminated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and a developing solution containing methanol:chloroform:ammonia (8:1:1, v/v/v) and UV scanning of the developed bands at 220 nm. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot of SOL showed perfect linear relationships throughout the range of concentration 10-60 μg/band. A reversed phase C18 analytical column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) was also used to separate the mixture at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, using acetonitrile:0.05 M phosphate buffer (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase and phosphoric acid to set pH = 3.5. Quantification was obtained at 220 nm using peak area and linear calibration curve across a concentration range of 10-70 μg/mL. The recommended procedures were applied to the existing dosage form, and they generated satisfactory results.

Smart Mathematical Manipulation of Spectral Signals: Stability Indicating, for the Estimation of Solifenacin Succinate: Anti-Muscarinic Drug, in Existence of its Acid Degradation Product

BACKGROUND

Four rapid, smart, and easy to apply spectrophotometric methods were displayed for the estimation of Solifenacin succinate (SOL) in existence of its acid inspired degradation product.

OBJECTIVE

Development of stability indicating smart, sensitive, cheap spectrophotometric methods for determination of SOL in presence of its acid degradate.

METHODS

(Method A) is dual wavelength (DW) method; where, two wavelengths were selected; 262 and 289 nm were utilized to determine SOL in existence of its acid degradate. (Method B) is developing the first derivative (1D) of the absorption spectra. Peak signal was detected at 276 nm. (Method C) is ratio difference (RD) method where the drug is determined by the difference in signal between two selected wavelengths, at 240 and 259 nm. (Method D) depended on measuring peak signal of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 269 nm.

RESULTS

Calibration curves of the suggested methods exhibited linearity. The selectivity of the suggested methods were ascertained using different laboratory prepared mixtures of SOL with its acid degradate indicating specificity of SOL with accepted recovery values. The suggested methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of SOL in its pharmaceutical dosage form without involvement of additives.

CONCLUSIONS

The presented work applied four resolution techniques, based on absorbance, derivative and/or ratio spectra, for the analysis of SOL in the existence of its acid degradate.

HIGHLIGHTS

Study of degradation pathway of drugs is of great importance nowadays. Hence, acid hydrolysis of SOL was achieved and then SOL determined along with its acid degradate.

Eco-friendly Spectrophotometric Methods for Assessment of Alfuzosin and Solifenacin in their new Pharmaceutical Formulation; Green Profile Evaluation via Eco-scale and GAPI Tools

Background:

Alfuzosin is recently co-formulated with solifenacin for relieving two coincident urological diseases, namely; benign prostate hyperplasia and overactive bladder.

Objective:

Herein, green, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods were firstly developed for simultaneous determination of the two cited drugs in their co-formulated pharmaceutical capsule

Methods:

Alfuzosin, which is the major component in the dosage form, was directly assayed at its extended wavelength at 330.0 nm. The challenging spectrum of the minor component, solifenacin, was resolved by five spectrophotometric methods, namely; Dual Wavelength (DW) at 210.0 & 230.0 nm, first derivative (1D) at 222.0 nm, Ratio Difference (RD) at 217.0 - 271.0 nm, derivative ratio (1DD) at 223.0 and mean centering of ratio spectra (MC) at 217.0 nm.

Results:

The proposed methods were successfully validated as per ICH guidelines. Alfuzosin showed linearity over the range of 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL, while that of solifenacin were 4.0 - 50.0 μg/mL for DW, 2.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1D and RD methods, 1.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1DD and 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for MC method. Statistical comparison with their official ones showed no noticeable differences. The methods showed good applicability for assaying drugs in their newly combination. Besides the eco-scale, the greenness profile of the methods was assessed and compared with the reported spectrophotometric one via the newest metric tool; Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI).

Conclusions:

The proposed methods are superior in not only being smart, accurate, selective, robust and time-saving, but also in using distilled water as an eco-friendly and cheap solvent.

A novel HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of alfuzosin and solifenacin along with their official impurities induced via a stress stability study; investigation of their degradation kinetics

Stability and impurity profiling are in high demand to guarantee the potency, safety and efficacy of new formulations along with their shelf-life. In this study, stability testing of alfuzosin (ALF) and solifenacin (SOL) in their newly co-formulated capsules was conducted under different stress conditions. The obtained degradation products were structurally elucidated and found to be their official impurities, namely; ALF impurity-D and SOL impurities-A, E & I. A selective and reliable stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for assaying the cited drugs along with three of those official impurities. Chromatographic separation was accomplished within 8 minutes using a XBridge® C18 column as the stationary phase and acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (pH 8) : triethylamine (60 : 40 : 0.02, by volume) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.3 mL min-1. Quantification of the analytes was performed at 210 nm using a diode array detector through which peak purity was assessed. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and it was successfully applied for the determination of the cited drugs in their combined pharmaceutical formulation with percent recoveries of 100.47 and 100.15 for ALF and SOL, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method was exploited for the assessment of the two drugs' stability in Solitral® capsules under accelerated storage conditions. The method was further extended for studying the degradation kinetics of the two drugs.

Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures. Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC.

Methods:

Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe- art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography.

Results:

This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations.

Conclusion:

Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches, future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.

Bioanalytical method for quantification of Solifenacin in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study

Background

Solifenacin succinate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist used in the treatment of overactive bladder with or without urge incontinence.

Methods

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was used for quantification of Solifenacin (SF) in rat plasma. Solifenacin-d5 (SFD5) used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed Gemini-NX C18, 50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, 110 Å column. Mobile phase composed of 5 mM Ammonium formate, pH 3.0: methanol (20:80 v/v), with 0.4 mL/min flow-rate. Drug and IS were extracted by Liquid- liquid extraction method. SF and SFD5 were detected with proton adducts at m/z 363.2®193.2 and 368.2®198.2 in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive mode respectively. The method was validated with the correlation coefficients of (r2) ≥ 0.9975 over a linear concentration range of 0.1-100.0 ng/mL.

Results

This method demonstrated intra and inter-day precision within 1.09 to 4.84 and 1.75 to 7.68 % and accuracy within 101.21 to 106.67 and 97.94 to 104.79 % for SF.

Conclusions

This method is successfully applied in the Pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma.

Development and Validation of a Specific Stability Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Related Compounds and Assay of Solifenacin Succinate

Gradient, reverse phase liquid chromatographic methods were developed separately for the related compounds and solifenacin succinate, an active pharmaceutical ingredient used for the treatment of overactive bladder. Gradient LC method was employed for related compounds. The mobile phase-A contains a 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH:3.5±0.05with orthophosphoric acid (88%) and mobile phase-B contains a mixture of acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 90 : 10(v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/minute, column temperature was kept at 35°C, and detection was monitored at 220 nm. In the developed HPLC method the resolution between solifenacin succinate and its closely eluting impurity, that is, solifenacin N-oxide was found to be greater than 3.0. The drug was subjected to stress conditions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. Considerable degradation was found to occur in only oxidative stress condition. Degradation product formed during oxidative stress condition was found to be impurity-C and it can be identified by LC-MS. The stress samples were assayed against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance was found close to 99.5%. The developed RP-LC method was validated as per ICH guidelines. We also developed LC-MS/MS method for determination and identification of these impurities in solifenacin succinate.