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El-Aziz HA, Fathy ME, El-Enany N, Aly FA, Tolba MM. Concurrent estimation of some co-administered antimicrobial drugs applying conventional and first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120255. [PMID: 34464919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the estimation of some co-administered antimicrobials, two highly accurate and precise spectrofluorimetric methods were developed. Fluconazole (FLZ) is co-administered with either ciprofloxacin (CPR) or ofloxacin (OFX) for the treatment of certain microbial infections. On the other hand, another antimicrobial drug, vancomycin (VNC) is co-administered with ciprofloxacin (CPR) for peritonitis treatment. In method I, conventional spectrofluorimetry has been introduced for the concurrent quantitative estimation of FLZ in presence of OFX or CPR. While in method II, a first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique was adapted for quantitation of VNC and CPR co-administered combination. Both of them were utilized for estimation of the considered drugs in raw materials, laboratory prepared mixtures, dosage forms, and biological fluids. Method I was relied on simultaneous measuring of the native fluorescence of FLZ and OFX or CPR without any overlapping between the emission spectra of each binary mixture (FLZ / OFX) and (FLZ / CPR). Fluorescence intensities were measured at 283.0, 483.0 and 436.0 nm after excitation at 262.0, 292.0 and 275.0 nm for FLZ, OFX and CPR, respectively. Method II was utilized the synchronous fluorescence intensity of VNC and CPR in methanol at Δλ = 40 nm. The first derivative synchronous spectra were calibrated at 297.0 nm for VNC and at 379.5 nm for CPR. Different variables influencing conventional and synchronous fluorescence intensities of the four antimicrobials under investigation were precisely optimized. Both methods were successfully investigated for the determination of the studied drugs in plasma. The linear data analysis for the calibration curves reveals a good relationship in the ranges of 1.0-10.0, 0.25-2.5 and 0.06-0.6 μg/mL for FLZ, OFX and CPR for method I with limits of detection 0.144, 0.038 and 0.007 μg/mL and limits of quantitation of 0.437, 0.114 and 0.021 μg/mL for FLZ, OFX and CPR, respectively. Linearity range for method II was 0.5 -10.0 μg/mL for VNC and CPR with detection limits of 0.127 and 0.110 μg/mL and quantitation limits of 0.380 and 0.334 μg/mL for VNC and CPR, respectively. International Council on Harmonization ICH Q2 (R1) Guidelines were followed in the developed methods validation. The achieved outcomes were statistically compared with those found by the reported ones, and no significant difference was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - M E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - N El-Enany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - F A Aly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M M Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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OUP accepted manuscript. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zarad W, El-Gendy H, Bazan L, Ali A, Aboulella Y, Kamal M, Emara S, Shawky A. Bio-analytical liquid chromatographic-based method with a mixed mode online solid phase extraction for drug monitoring of fluconazole in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123045. [PMID: 34808576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective and sensitive liquid chromatography-based bio-analytical method has been developed and validated for therapeutic drug monitoring of fluconazole (FLUC) in human serum. Integration of online mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) into the analytical system was the key for direct injection of untreated serum samples. A short protein-coated (PC) µBondapak CN silica column (PC-µB-CN-column) as a SPE tool and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) as an eluent were applied in the extraction step. PC-µB-CN-column operates in two different chromatographic modes. Using PBS, proteins were extracted from serum samples by size-exclusion liquid chromatography, while FLUC trapping was reversed-phase liquid chromatography dependent. FLUC was then eluted from the PC-µB-CN-column onto the quantification position using a mixture of acetonitrile-distilled deionized water (20:80, v/v) as an eluent and ODS analytical column. FLUC was separated at ambient temperature (22 ± 1 °C) and detected at 260 nm. The method was linear over the range of 200-10000 ng/mL. FLUC recovery in untreated serum samples ranged from 97.8 to 98.8% and showed good accuracy and precision. The reliability of the developed method was evaluated by studying the pharmacokinetic profile of FLUC in humans after an oral administration of a single 150 mg tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Zarad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Gendy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Lamyaa Bazan
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Netherlands; Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Aboulella
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Netherlands; Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Maha Kamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October, Cairo 12256, Egypt
| | - Samy Emara
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shawky
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
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Roshdy A, Elmansi H, Shalan S, El-Brashy A. Factorial design-assisted reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202130. [PMID: 33972882 PMCID: PMC8103232 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 23 full factorial design model was used for the development of a new high performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection to estimate three antifungal drugs simultaneously. Fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITR) and terbinafine (TRH) are co-administered for severe fungal infections. They have been determined using MOS-1 Hypersil C18 column and an isocratic eluent; methanol 95% and phosphate buffer 5% with 0.001% triethylamine. The pH was adjusted to 7, and the flow rate was 0.7 ml min-1. The three drugs were separated within less than 7 min at 210 nm. The developed method gave a linear response over 5-80 µg ml-1, 5-50 µg ml-1 and 1-50 µg ml-1 for FLU, ITR and TRH, respectively. It showed detection limits of 0.88, 0.29 and 0.20 µg ml-1 and quantification limits of 2.66, 0.88 and 0.60 µg ml-1 for the three drugs, respectively. The design of the experiment facilitated the optimization of different variables affecting the separation of the three drugs. The sensitivity of the designed method permitted the simultaneous estimation of ITR and TRH in spiked human plasma successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Roshdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shereen Shalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amina El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Moreira BJ, Schiave LCA, Martinez R, Dias SG, Masetto de Gaitani C. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by green high-performance liquid chromatography for fluconazole determination in cerebrospinal fluid with the aid of chemometric tools. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3106-3114. [PMID: 32930170 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method, simple and fast, for fluconazole (FLU) quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and an eco-friendly mobile phase for HPLC-PDA was developed. The study of DLLME extraction condition covered the investigation of 12 combinations of extraction and disperser solvents followed by a fractional factorial design 2(7-3) to determine the influence of seven factors. After this stage, a central composite design was performed for three factors and a response surface was obtained. Aiming a compromise between a good recovery and a low organic solvent use it was established an extraction condition that consists of: 100 μL of chloroform, 100 μL of isopropyl alcohol, 200 μL of CSF, 200 μL of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.3 and centrifugation for 5 min at 2200g and 4 °C. The HPLC analysis used an Ascentis® Express C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and an Ascentis® Express C18 guard column (3 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), ethanol : water (15 : 85, v/v) as mobile phase, temperature of 45 °C, flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 and phenacetin as internal standard. The method validation was performed according to European Agency's Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation Methodology and a linear range was obtained from 0.25 to 62.5 μg mL-1, with precision and accuracy within the recommended limits and recovery of 70% for FLU and 81% for phenacetin. Samples were stable in the studies performed and the method showed to be selective and with no carryover effect. The feasibility of the obtained method was confirmed by FLU determination at a CSF from a patient who was treated for neuromycosis. Therefore, here is described a method that meets many principles of green analytical chemistry and is useful for FLU therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Juliana Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letà Cia Aparecida Schiave
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Generoso Dias
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Nikodimos Y, Hagos B. Electrochemical Behaviour of Tinidazole at 1,4-Benzoquinone Modified Carbon Paste Electrode and Its Direct Determination in Pharmaceutical Tablets and Urine by Differential Pulse Voltammetry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:8518707. [PMID: 29250454 PMCID: PMC5698602 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8518707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive electrochemical method based on a 1,4-benzoquinone modified carbon paste electrode (1,4-BQMCPE) was described for the determination of tinidazole (TDZ). In Britton Robinson buffer solution, TDZ yields well-defined irreversible reduction peak at -0.344 V on a 1,4-BQMCPE. Compared with that on a bare CPE, the reduction peak of TDZ increased significantly on the modified CPE and the effects of different parameters on the voltammetric responses were also investigated. Differential pulse voltammetric method was proposed and optimized for TDZ determination and its reductive peak current response at 1,4-BQMCPE was found to show linear dependence on the concentration of TDZ in the range of 1.0 × 10-6 to 5.0 × 10-4 M with a linear regression equation, correlation coefficient, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of IPC (μA) = 0.19958 + 0.02657C (μM), 0.99486, 1.10 × 10-7 M, and 3.77 × 10-7, respectively. Excellent recovery results for spiked TDZ in pharmaceutical tablet samples ranging within 97.44-97.51% and in urine ranging within 95.37-96.91% were observed. The selectivity of the method for TDZ was further studied in the presence of selected potential interferents and confirmed the potential applicability of the developed method for the determination of TDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Nikodimos
- Department of Chemistry, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Hagos
- Department of Chemistry, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Davtyan TK, Melikyan LA, Nikoyan NA, Aleksanyan HP, Grigoryan NG. Development and Validation of Simple RP-HPLC Method for Intracellular Determination of Fluconazole Concentration and Its Application to the Study of Candida albicans Azole Resistance. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:576250. [PMID: 26783393 PMCID: PMC4689911 DOI: 10.1155/2015/576250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (strains NCTC-885-653 and ATCC-10231) long-term cultivated in the presence of antifungal agent fluconazole (FLC) and classical microbiological methods for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used in this study. A simple and sensitive method based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been developed for the determination of FLC intracellular concentration in C. albicans using tinidazole as an internal standard. Following extraction with dichloromethane, the chromatographic separation was achieved on a Machery-Nagel EC250/2 Nucleodur-100-3 C18 column by gradient elution using the mobile phase consisting of (A) 0.01 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH = 5.00, and (B) acetonitrile. Different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness were determined according to US DHHS FDA and EMEA guidelines. The method was linear for FLC (r = 0.9999) ranging from 100 to 10000 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation) were within 2.79 and 2.64%, respectively, and the accuracy (relative error) was less than 2.82%. The extraction recovery ranged from 79.3 to 85.5%. The reliable method was successfully applied to C. albicans azole-resistance study and it was shown that intracellular concentration of FLC correlated with a yeast drug susceptibility profile and MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran K. Davtyan
- Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Komitas 49/4, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Levon A. Melikyan
- Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Komitas 49/4, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nune A. Nikoyan
- Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Komitas 49/4, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hripsime P. Aleksanyan
- Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Komitas 49/4, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nairi G. Grigoryan
- Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Komitas 49/4, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
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Miron D, Lange A, Zimmer AR, Mayorga P, Schapoval EES. HPLC-DAD for the determination of three different classes of antifungals: method characterization, statistical approach, and application to a permeation study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1728-37. [PMID: 24788676 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Miron
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alini Lange
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline R. Zimmer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Paulo Mayorga
- Galenic Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Elfrides E. S. Schapoval
- Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory, School of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; 90610-000 Porto Alegre Brazil
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