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Huang Y, Zhang X, Zou Y, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Quercetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain after Brachial Plexus Avulsion via Suppressing Oxidative Damage through Inhibition of PKC/MAPK/ NOX Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2343-2361. [PMID: 37533160 PMCID: PMC10556381 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230802144940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) animally involves the separation of spinal nerve roots themselves and the correlative spinal cord segment, leading to formidable neuropathic pain of the upper limb. METHODS The right seventh cervical (C7) ventral and dorsal roots were avulsed to establish a neuropathic pain model in rats. After operation, rats were treated with quercetin (QCN) by intragastric administration for 1 week. The effects of QCN were evaluated using mechanical allodynia tests and biochemical assay kits. RESULTS QCN treatment significantly attenuated the avulsion-provoked mechanical allodynia, elevated the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the C7 spinal dorsal horn. In addition, QCN administration inhibited the activations of macrophages, microglia and astrocytes in the C6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and C6-8 spinal dorsal horn, as well as attenuated the release of purinergic 2X (P2X) receptors in C6 DRG. The molecular mechanism underlying the above alterations was found to be related to the suppression of the PKC/MAPK/NOX signal pathway. To further study the anti-oxidative effects of QCN, we applied QCN on the H2O2-induced BV-2 cells in vitro, and the results attested that QCN significantly ameliorated the H2O2-induced ROS production in BV-2 cells, inhibited the H2O2-induced activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time provided evidence that QCN was able to attenuate pain hypersensitivity following the C7 spinal root avulsion in rats, and the molecular mechanisms involve the reduction of both neuro-inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress via suppression of P2X receptors and inhibition of the activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. The results indicate that QCN is a natural compound with great promise worthy of further development into a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of BPA-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
| | - Yidan Zou
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Huang Q, Dou Y, Qu C, Xu Q, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Quercetin enhances survival and axonal regeneration of motoneurons after spinal root avulsion and reimplantation: experiments in a rat model of brachial plexus avulsion. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:56. [PMID: 36456978 PMCID: PMC9714227 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) physically involves the detachment of spinal nerve roots themselves and the associated spinal cord segment, leading to permanent paralysis of motor function of the upper limb. Root avulsion induces severe pathological changes, including inflammatory reaction, oxidative damage, and finally massive motoneuron apoptosis. Quercetin (QCN), a polyphenolic flavonoid found in abundance in fruit and vegetables, has been reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in many experimental models of both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether QCN could improve motor function recovery after C5-7 ventral root avulsion and C6 reimplantation in a rat model of BPA. METHODS The right fifth cervical (C5) to C7 ventral roots were avulsed followed by re-implantation of only C6 to establish the spinal root avulsion plus re-implantation model in rats. After surgery, rats were treated with QCN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 2 or 8 consecutive weeks. The effects of QCN were assessed using behavior test (Terzis grooming test, TGT) and histological evaluation. The molecular mechanisms were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis and western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that QCN significantly expedited motor function recovery in the forelimb as shown by the increased Terzis grooming test score, and accelerated motor axon regeneration as evidenced by the ascending number of Fluoro-Ruby-labeled and P75-positive regenerative motoneurons. The raised ChAT-immunopositive and cresyl violet-stained neurons indicated the enhanced survival of motoneurons by QCN administration. Furthermore, QCN treatment markedly alleviated muscle atrophy, restored functional motor endplates in biceps and inhibited the microglial and astroglia activation via modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and neurotrophin/Akt/MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings have for the first time unequivocally indicated that QCN has promising potential for further development into a novel therapeutic in conjunction with reimplantation surgery for the treatment of BPA. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Xie Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yaoxing Dou
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Qu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Ahmadi A, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Polyphenols and atherosclerosis: A critical review of clinical effects on LDL oxidation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106414. [PMID: 36028188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major etiology of cardiovascular disease that causes considerable mortality. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a fundamental attributor to atherosclerosis. Therefore, there seems to be an essential place for antioxidant therapy besides the current treatment protocols for coronary heart disease. Polyphenols are a class of compounds with substantial antioxidant properties that have shown the ability to reduce LDL oxidation in preclinical studies. However, clinical evidence has not been as conclusive although offering many promising signs. This review aims to examine the trials that have evaluated how dietary intake of polyphenols in different forms might influence the oxidation of LDL. Lowering the circulating cholesterol, incorporation into LDL particles, and enhancing systemic antioxidant activity are among the main mechanisms of action for polyphenols for lowering oxLDL. On the other hand, the population under study significantly affects the impact on oxLDL, as the type of the supplement and phenolic content. To conclude, although the polyphenols might decrease inflammation and enhance endothelial function via lowering oxLDL, there are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled with further high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Asutralia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948567, Iran.
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Briansó-Llort L, Simó-Servat O, Ramos-Perez L, Torres-Torronteras J, Hernandez C, Simó R, Selva DM. Effect of Resveratrol Content in Red Wine on Circulating Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: Lessons from a Pilot Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200125. [PMID: 35751841 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that red wine has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. In this work if resveratrol content in red wine increases SHBG levels is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS A pilot study aims at testing the effect of drinking for 14 days two types of red wine with different resveratrol content is conducted in 26 healthy volunteers. SHBG levels and several biochemical parameters are measured at the beginning and the end of every period. Results show that consumption of both wines does not change body mass index or biochemical markers of liver injury. The low resveratrol wine does not modify the lipid profile or SHBG levels. By contrast, red wine with high resveratrol content significantly reduces total cholesterol in both men and women. Finally, red wine with high resveratrol content increases circulating SHBG in women but not in men. CONCLUSIONS Red wine rich in resveratrol reduces total cholesterol in men and women and increases SHBG only in women. Further research aims at investigating the potential SHBG role enhancement mediated by resveratrol regarding cardiovascular protection that presents women in comparison with men seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Briansó-Llort
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramos-Perez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Torronteras
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernandez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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Zhu Y, Scholle F, Kisthardt SC, Xie DY. Flavonols and dihydroflavonols inhibit the main protease activity of SARS-CoV-2 and the replication of human coronavirus 229E. Virology 2022; 571:21-33. [PMID: 35439707 PMCID: PMC9002334 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the deadly novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the current COVID-19 pandemic. To date, vaccines are available in the developed countries to prevent the infection of this virus; however, medicines are necessary to help control COVID-19. Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) causes the common cold. The main protease (Mpro) is an essential enzyme required for the multiplication of these two viruses in the host cells, and thus is an appropriate candidate to screen potential medicinal compounds. Flavonols and dihydroflavonols are two groups of plant flavonoids. In this study, we report docking simulation with two Mpro enzymes and five flavonols and three dihydroflavonols, in vitro inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and in vitro inhibition of the HCoV 229E replication. The docking simulation results predicted that (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)- dihydroquercetin, (+)-dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricentin, isoquercitrin, and rutin could bind to at least two subsites (S1, S1’, S2, and S4) in the binding pocket and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Their affinity scores ranged from −8.8 to −7.4 (kcal/mol). Likewise, these compounds were predicted to bind and inhibit the HCoV-229E Mpro activity with affinity scores ranging from −7.1 to −7.8 (kcal/mol). In vitro inhibition assays showed that seven available compounds effectively inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity and their IC50 values ranged from 0.125 to 12.9 μM. Five compounds inhibited the replication of HCoV-229E in Huh-7 cells. These findings indicate that these antioxidative flavonols and dihydroflavonols are promising candidates for curbing the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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White Wine—Induced Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050944. [PMID: 35624811 PMCID: PMC9137674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasodilatory activity and polyphenolic content of commercially available white wine is low compared to red wines. This study assessed the vasodilator potential of white wines produced by four different fermentation processes: (1) white wine produced by the standard procedure; (2) grapes left to macerate completely for 30 days; (3) grapes left to macerate up to half of unfermented sugar; and (4) wine produced by cooling the must. All tested wine samples were analyzed for their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and ethanol content. Vasodilation was examined in the norepinephrine pre-contracted isolated rat aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly exposed to cumulative concentrations (0.1‰ to 8‰ final dilutions in organ baths) of each of the tested wine samples with or without quercetin and/or gallic acid supplementation, in the absence/presence of NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Standard procedure and the procedure involving must cooling gives wine with lower phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and lower vasodilator potential, respectively. L-NAME inhibited vasodilation to all wine samples. Quercetin with or without gallic acid supplementation restored vasodilation. Results show that vasodilation to white wine is NO-dependent and suggest the possibility of increasing the antioxidant capacity and vasodilatory potential of white wine using different production procedures, depending on quercetin content.
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Lu L, Cai X, Guo L, Ji H, Ren J, Ni H, Feng X. Fabrication of Quercitrin Nano Micellar Delivery System and Its Therapeutic Effect on Unexplained Recurrent Abortion. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a quercitrin nano micellar delivery system in this study to evaluate its oral bioavailability. The optimal formulation of quercetin nano micelles was determined through an orthogonal test. Characteristics (size of particles-SOP, morphology, efficiency of encapsulation-EE
and stability) and the therapeutic property of quercitrin nano micelles on unexplained recurrent abortion (URSA) were evaluated. The SOP of quercitrin nano micelles was 111.88±3.70 nm with an EE of 95.66±0.57. A substantially increased release rate of quercetin from the micellar
system was observed in different dissolution media comparable to that of quercitrin. Also, through quercitrin micelles, the oral bioavailability of quercetin was increased by 15.45-fold compared to quercitrin solution. Significantly, quercetin could reduce the levels of LDH and SOD as well
as increase the level of MDA in serum restricted HTR-8/SVneo cells. Western blotting (WB) experiments showed that quercitrin had a protective effect on H2O2 induced oxidative stress injury of a human placental trophoblast HTR8-SVneo cell line. The developed nano micelles
are a potential carrier that could enhance the aqueous solubility, oral in vivo availability and potential therapeutic abortion effect of quercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Lu
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Ximei Cai
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Luqin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Hongjian Ji
- Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jiajie Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
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Wang J, Hao K, Yu F, Shen L, Wang F, Yang J, Su C. Field application of nanoliposomes delivered quercetin by inhibiting specific hsp70 gene expression against plant virus disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:16. [PMID: 34983536 PMCID: PMC8725512 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. RESULTS In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6 and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. CONCLUSION This research innovatively reports the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kaiqiang Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Fangfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Chenyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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How Robust is the Evidence for a Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities? J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:1428-1445. [PMID: 32929662 PMCID: PMC8084796 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has led to emerging evidence implicating a role for oxidative stress. However, understanding the strength of this association is made challenging by the use of a variety of purported biomarkers of oxidative stress, many of which have either uncertain specificity or flawed methods of analysis. This review aims to address this issue, which is widespread in the ASD and IDD literature, by providing readers with information concerning the strengths and limitations of the choice and analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress. We highlight that biomarkers and assays should be specific, sensitive, reproducible, precise, robust, and chosen with careful consideration. Future studies should be sufficiently powered and address sample collection, processing, and storage which are, additionally, poorly considered, sources of bad practice, and potential errors. Only with these issues considered, will the data lead to conclusions as to the precise role of oxidative stress in ASDs and IDD.
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Dagher O, Mury P, Thorin-Trescases N, Noly PE, Thorin E, Carrier M. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin to Alleviate Endothelial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:658400. [PMID: 33860002 PMCID: PMC8042157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium occupies a catalog of functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. It is a physically active barrier between circulating blood and tissue, a regulator of the vascular tone, a biochemical processor and a modulator of coagulation, inflammation, and immunity. Given these essential roles, it comes to no surprise that endothelial dysfunction is prodromal to chronic age-related diseases of the heart and arteries, globally termed cardiovascular diseases (CVD). An example would be ischemic heart disease (IHD), which is the main cause of death from CVD. We have made phenomenal advances in treating CVD, but the aging endothelium, as it senesces, always seems to out-run the benefits of medical and surgical therapies. Remarkably, many epidemiological studies have detected a correlation between a flavonoid-rich diet and a lower incidence of mortality from CVD. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid class, is a natural compound ubiquitously found in various food sources such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and wine. It has been reported to have a wide range of health promoting effects and has gained significant attention over the years. A growing body of evidence suggests quercetin could lower the risk of IHD by mitigating endothelial dysfunction and its risk factors, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, accumulation of senescent endothelial cells, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this review, we will explore these pathophysiological cascades and their interrelation with endothelial dysfunction. We will then present the scientific evidence to quercetin's anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, senolytic, and anti-EndoMT effects. Finally, we will discuss the prospect for its clinical use in alleviating myocardial ischemic injuries in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Anand M, Basavaraju R. A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological uses of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113270. [PMID: 32822823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae) is an attractive evergreen plant known as kusi urakame, koyawari, Palo amarillo, tronadora, yellow-elder, yellow trumpet bush, trumpet-flower, yellow-bells, trumpet bush, ginger-Thomas, esperanza, and timboco. It is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine, to treat hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders, jaundice, toothaches, headaches, colds, skin infections, and scorpion, snake, and rat bites. Current research focusses on evaluating its bioactive components and therapeutic potential. AIM OF THE STUDY The current article reviewed the information available on Tecoma stans ethnopharmacology, geographical distribution, chemical composition, phytochemistry, therapeutic effects, and toxicology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information of botanical description, distribution, traditional uses, chemical composition, bioactive components, and therapeutic investigations was gathered from a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS until 2020 for publications (peer-reviewed articles, eBooks, short communications, reports from international organizations, and case letters). Information was also included from books, conference proceedings, and thesis. Primary keywords for data collection were "Tecoma stans," and "Ethnopharmacology," followed by secondary keywords such as "Constituents," "Therapeutic effect," and "Toxicity." RESULTS An exhaustive comparative study of the accessible sources of Tecoma stans confirmed its origin, ethnopharmacological and therapeutic uses. More than 120 chemical compounds have been isolated, and the main active principles are alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. The plant possesses vast therapeutic benefits, such as lowering elevated blood sugar levels, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and wound healing actions. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive literature analysis exhibits that many populations have utilized Tecoma stans around the globe with specific reference to different parts of Mexico. The above information shows that the plant holds many hidden potentials and can, therefore, be studied extensively for its phytoconstituents and therapeutic effects. However, while going through the literature, it was observed that incomplete data is reported on in vivo trials, especially concerning its dosage, positive and negative control groups, intervention time, and toxicity studies. Additionally, there is a lack of information on its complete nutritional and phytochemical profiling. We trust that this review will help lay the groundwork for encouraging pharmacological and pharmaceutical studies. It will also direct us to understand the clinical relevance and applications of bioactive compounds from Tecoma stans in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Anand
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prashanthi Nilayam, 515134, Dist. Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - R Basavaraju
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prashanthi Nilayam, 515134, Dist. Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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12
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Zhang S, Li L, Chen W, Xu S, Feng X, Zhang L. Natural products: The role and mechanism in low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2945-2967. [PMID: 33368763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic disease, which leads to the life-threatening coronary artery disease. Emerging studies from bench to bedside have demonstrated the pivotal role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article hereby reviews oxidation mechanism of LDL, and the pro-atherogenic and biomarker role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. We also review the pharmacological effects of several representative natural products (vitamin E, resveratrol, quercetin, probucol, tanshinone IIA, epigallocatechin gallate, and Lycopene) in protecting against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Clinical and basic research supports the beneficial effects of these natural products in inhibiting LDL oxidation and preventing atherosclerosis, but the data are still controversial. This may be related to factors such as the population and the dosage and time of taking natural products involved in different studies. Understanding the mechanism of LDL oxidation and effect of oxidized LDL help researchers to find novel therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Huang H, Liao D, Dong Y, Pu R. Effect of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:615-626. [PMID: 31940027 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinical trials examining the cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin in humans have reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence of the effects of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure (BP), and glucose levels in humans by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched electronically from their inception to July 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the impact of quercetin on lipid profiles, BP, and glucose levels. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of quercetin or a standardized quercetin-enriched extract on plasma lipid profiles, BP, and glucose levels in humans were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION A random-effects model was used for data analysis. Continuous variables were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible influences of study characteristics. Sensitivity analyses were also performed, as were analyses of publication bias. RESULTS Seventeen trials (n = 896 participants total) were included in the overall analysis. Pooled results showed that quercetin significantly lowered both systolic BP (WMD, -3.09 mmHg; 95%CI, -4.59 to -1.59; P = 0.0001) and diastolic BP (WMD, -2.86 mmHg; 95%CI, -5.09 to -0.63; P = 0.01). Neither lipid profiles nor glucose concentrations changed significantly. In subgroup analyses, significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in trials with a parallel design and in which participants consumed quercetin for 8 weeks or more. CONCLUSION Quercetin intake resulted in significantly decreased BP in humans. Moreover, participants who consumed quercetin for 8 weeks or more showed significantly changed levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in trials with a parallel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Pu
- Department of Laboratory, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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14
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Jiang NW, Hong DW, Attin T, Cheng H, Yu H. Quercetin reduces erosive dentin wear: Evidence from laboratory and clinical studies. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1430-1436. [PMID: 32928560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the acid resistance of human dentin through both laboratory and clinical studies. METHODS Two hundred and twelve dentin blocks (2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were prepared and used. For the laboratory study, dentin specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12): deionized water, ethanol, 1.23 × 104 μg/ml sodium fluoride (NaF), 120 μg/ml chlorhexidine, 183.2 μg/ml epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and 75 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, and 300 μg/ml quercetin (Q75, Q150, and Q300). The specimens were treated with the respective solutions for 2 min and then subjected to in vitro erosion (4 cycles/d for 7 d). The surface microhardness loss (%SMHl), erosive dentin wear, and surface morphology were evaluated and compared. For the impact on MMP inhibition, the release of crosslinked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and the thickness of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM) were measured using additional dentin specimens. For the clinical study, the specimens were treated with NaF or Q300 for 2 min and then subjected to in vivo erosion (4 cycles/d for 7 d). The %SMHl and erosive dentin wear of the specimens were measured to determine whether quercetin similarly inhibits erosion in situ. RESULTS The quercetin-treated group had a significantly lower %SMHl and erosive dentin wear than any other group, and the effect was concentration-dependent in vitro (P < 0.05). Dentin treated with quercetin produced significantly less ICTP and had a thicker DOM than the control dentin (P < 0.05). After in vivo erosion, the %SMHl and erosive dentin wear of the Q300 group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The application of quercetin was shown, for the first time, to increase the acid resistance of human dentin, possibly through MMP inhibition and DOM preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Wu Jiang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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15
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Mirsafaei L, Reiner Ž, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z. Molecular and Biological Functions of Quercetin as a Natural Solution for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:307-315. [PMID: 32588290 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a worldwide health problem with growing up rates of mortality and morbidity. Many risk factors, including high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia are responsible for CVD. CVD can be prevented by some simple and cost-effective steps such as smoking cessation, normalizing body weight, regular physical activity, and dietary changes, including decreasing saturated fats, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits, and reducing sugar intake. In the last decades, growing up number of studies were performed to explain the possible function of non-nutrient substances from the diet which might prevent CVD. One of these natural compounds is quercetin which is widely present in vegetables, tea, fruits and wine. Many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have indicated the cardioprotective functions of quercetin. They can be explained by quercetin's reducing blood pressure, antioxidant potential and some other activities. This review evaluates the experimental and clinical studies that have studied the effect of quercetin in CVD and summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action as well as clinical effects of quercetin in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
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16
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Riva A, Ronchi M, Petrangolini G, Bosisio S, Allegrini P. Improved Oral Absorption of Quercetin from Quercetin Phytosome®, a New Delivery System Based on Food Grade Lecithin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:169-177. [PMID: 30328058 PMCID: PMC6418071 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The importance of quercetin and flavonoids in the diet and as food supplements is well known, and literature studies support their potential use to treat several human diseases. Many beneficial properties have been described for quercetin, so much effort has been directed into overcoming the major drawbacks of this natural compound-its poor solubility and low oral absorption. The aims of this study were to compare a new food-grade lecithin-based formulation of quercetin, Quercetin Phytosome®, to unformulated quercetin in terms of solubility in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and oral absorption in a randomized crossover pharmacokinetic study of healthy volunteers. METHODS The solubility of the new formulation was determined by in vitro incubation in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and quercetin was detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography. A single-dose, randomized, six-sequence/three-period crossover clinical trial (3 × 3 × 3 crossover design) with a balanced carryover effect was conducted in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Twelve healthy volunteers of both sexes with an age range of 18-50 years were recruited; one dose of quercetin and two different doses of Quercetin Phytosome were administered orally as film-coated tablets. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected at twelve time points (from 0 h to 24 h) after administration, and quercetin levels were measured by HPLC/MS/MS. Data were analyzed using the Phoenix WinNonlin (v.6.4) software package, and the most significant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Statistical analysis involved performing a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey's test). RESULTS Significant improvements in both in vitro solubility and oral absorption (in terms of both exposure and maximum concentration achieved) by healthy volunteers in a human clinical study were obtained with the Quercetin Phytosome formulation as compared to unformulated quercetin. CONCLUSIONS A more soluble formulation of quercetin based on lecithin, Quercetin Phytosome, has recently been developed, and was found to facilitate the attainment of very high plasma levels of quercetin-up to 20 times more than usually obtained following a dose of quercetin-when the novel formulation was administered orally in human volunteers, and it did not have any notable side effects. These results suggest that Quercetin Phytosome allows the oral administration of quercetin in a safe and bioavailable manner, thus facilitating the effective utilization of this natural compound to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Ronchi
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bosisio
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139, Milan, Italy
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17
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Silva S, Costa EM, Veiga M, Morais RM, Calhau C, Pintado M. Health promoting properties of blueberries: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:181-200. [PMID: 30373383 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1518895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the strengthening of the link between diet and health, several foodstuffs have emerged as possessing potential health benefits such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables. Blueberries, along with other berries, given their flavonoid and antioxidant content have long since been considered as a particularly interesting health promoting fruit. Therefore, the present work aimed to compile the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of blueberry and blueberry based products consumption, giving particular relevance to in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the results demonstrate that, while the evidences that support a beneficial role of blueberry and blueberry extracts consumption, further human based studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Morais
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Đorđević NO, Todorović N, Novaković IT, Pezo LL, Pejin B, Maraš V, Tešević VV, Pajović SB. Antioxidant Activity of Selected Polyphenolics in Yeast Cells: The Case Study of Montenegrin Merlot Wine. Molecules 2018; 23:E1971. [PMID: 30087228 PMCID: PMC6222681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Screens of antioxidant activity (AA) of various natural products have been a focus of the research community worldwide. This work aimed to differentiate selected samples of Merlot wines originated from Montenegro, with regard to phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity studied by survival rate, total sulfhydryl groups and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and catalase in H₂O₂⁻stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In this study, DPPH assay was also performed. Higher total phenolic content leads to an enhanced AA under both conditions. The same trend was observed for catechin and gallic acid, the most abundant phenolics in the examined wine samples. Finally, the findings of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model were in a good agreement (r² = 0.978) with the experimental data. All tested samples exhibited a protective effect in H₂O₂⁻stressed yeast cells. Pre-treatment with examined wines increased survival in H₂O₂⁻stressed cells and shifted antioxidative defense towards GPx⁻mediated defense. Finally, sensitivity analysis of obtained ANN model highlights the complexity of the impact that variations in the concentrations of specific phenolic components have on the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda O Đorđević
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Irena T Novaković
- Centre of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lato L Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Science, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research-IMSI, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Maraš
- Sector for Development, 13. Jul Plantaže, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Vele V Tešević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Snežana B Pajović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
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19
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Lou Q, Wen J, Jiang Y, Huang J, Fan G, Song F. Rapid determination of 3', 4'-dimethoxy flavonol-3-β-d-glucopyranoside in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS method followed by protein precipitation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:47-55. [PMID: 29656083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A reliable liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for quantitation of 3', 4'-dimethoxy flavonol-3-β-d-glucopyranoside (DF3G) in rat plasma using pantoprazole as the internal standard. An Agilent C18 column (100 mm × 3 mm, 3.5 μm) was performed for chromatographic separation with the mobile phase composed of methanol-water (containing formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ion mode was applied to quantitative analysis by multiple reacting monitoring (MRM). The MRM precursor-product ion transition of DF3G and Pantoprazole (IS) were m/z 461.1 → 299.2 and 383.9 → 200.2, respectively. Calibration curves were recovered in a concentration range of 1-500 ng/mL for plasma with a limit of lower quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision were not >10%. The accuracy of DF3G ranged from -10% to 0.53% in quality control (QC) samples at three concentrations. DF3G was not degraded during the analysis and the storage period. All the data were validated in accordance with the FDA bioanalytical method validation guideline. The LC-MS/MS method was successfully employed in the pharmacokinetic study of the DF3G after oral administration and intravenous injection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Center for New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Shanghai 8 Plus 1 Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Fenyun Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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20
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Winklhofer-Roob BM, Faustmann G, Roob JM. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation biomarkers in human health and disease and effects of bioactive compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:38-86. [PMID: 28456641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the significance of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in health and disease, this review focuses on human studies addressing oxidation of LDL, including three lines of biomarkers, (i) ex vivo LDL resistance to oxidation, a "challenge test" model, (ii) circulating oxidized LDL, indicating the "current in vivo status", and (iii) autoantibodies against oxidized LDL as fingerprints of an immune response to oxidized LDL, along with circulating oxysterols and 4-hydroxynonenal as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL are hallmarks in the development of various metabolic, cardiovascular and other diseases. Changes further occur across life stages from infancy to older age as well as in athletes and smokers. Given their responsiveness to targeted nutritional interventions, markers of LDL oxidation have been employed in a rapidly growing number of human studies for more than 2 decades. There is growing interest in foods, which, besides providing energy and nutrients, exert beneficial effects on human health, such as protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. Any health claim, however, needs to be substantiated by supportive evidence derived from human studies, using reliable biomarkers to demonstrate such beneficial effects. A large body of evidence has accumulated, demonstrating protection of LDL from oxidation by bioactive food compounds, including vitamins, other micronutrients and secondary plant ingredients, which will facilitate the selection of oxidation biomarkers for future human intervention studies and health claim support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Faustmann
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria; Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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21
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Yang H, Li K, Yan H, Liu S, Wang Y, Huang C. High-performance therapeutic quercetin-doped adhesive for adhesive-dentin interfaces. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8189. [PMID: 28811592 PMCID: PMC5558009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost half of dental restorations have failed in less than 10 years, and approximately 60% of practice time has been consumed to replace these dental restorations. As such, contemporary dentin adhesives should be modified to treat secondary caries and prevent the degradation of adhesive–dentin interfaces. To achieve this goal, we developed a versatile therapeutic adhesive in the present study by incorporating quercetin, which is a naturally derived plant extract, into a commercial adhesive at three concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL). An unmodified adhesive served as a control. The antibacterial ability on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, conversion degree, microtensile bond strength, failure modes, in situ zymography, nanoleakage expression and cytotoxicity of quercetin-doped adhesive were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that the quercetin-doped adhesive (500 µg/mL) preserved its bonding properties against collagenase ageing and inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm. Efficient bonding interface sealing ability, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and acceptable biocompatibility were also achieved. Thus, a simple, safe and workable strategy was successfully developed to produce therapeutic adhesives for the extension of the service life of adhesive restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yake Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Sahebkar A. Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:666-676. [PMID: 25897620 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.948609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of promising experimental findings, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded mixed results on the impact of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid levels. AIM The present study aimed to quantify the effects of quercetin on plasma lipids using a meta-analysis of RCTs. METHODS A systematic literature search of Medline was conducted for RCTs that investigated the efficacy of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipids comprising total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in lipid concentrations using a random-effects model. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of quercetin dose and duration of supplementation as moderators on the calculated effect measures. RESULTS Five RCTs totaling 442 subjects (221 in the quercetin and 221 in the control group) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and selected for analyses. Combined estimate of effect size for the impact of quercetin on plasma LDL-C (WMD: 1.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.92-3.78, p = 0.23), HDL-C (WMD: 0.26 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.74-1.25, p = 0.61) and triglycerides (WMD: -9.42 mg/dL, 95% CI: -27.80-8.96, p = 0.32) was not statistically significant. However, a borderline significant but clinically non-relevant increase in total cholesterol was observed (WMD: 3.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.01-6.27, p = 0.05). When the analysis was confined to the subgroups of studies with quercetin doses ≥500 mg/day and follow-up of ≥ 4 weeks, a significant increase in total cholesterol (WMD: 3.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.21-6.92, p = 0.04) and a decline in triglycerides (WMD: -24.54 mg/dL, 95% CI: -33.09 to -15.99, p < 0.00001) was observed, but LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Changes in plasma triglycerides, but not other indices of lipid profile, were significantly associated with quercetin dose (slope: -0.057; 95% CI: -0.103 to -0.010; p = 0.02) and duration of supplementation (slope: -5.314; 95% CI: -9.482 to -1.147; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Available evidence from RCTs does not suggest any clinically relevant effect of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipids, apart from a significant reduction of triglycerides at doses above 50 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- a Biotechnology Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,b Cardiovascular Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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23
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Menezes R, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Kaltsatou A, González-Sarrías A, Greyling A, Giannaki C, Andres-Lacueva C, Milenkovic D, Gibney ER, Dumont J, Schär M, Garcia-Aloy M, Palma-Duran SA, Ruskovska T, Maksimova V, Combet E, Pinto P. Impact of Flavonols on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Human Trials to Explore the Role of Inter-Individual Variability. Nutrients 2017; 9:E117. [PMID: 28208791 PMCID: PMC5331548 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have linked flavonols with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, some heterogeneity in the individual physiological responses to the consumption of these compounds has been identified. This meta-analysis aimed to study the effect of flavonol supplementation on biomarkers of CVD risk such as, blood lipids, blood pressure and plasma glucose, as well as factors affecting their inter-individual variability. Data from 18 human randomized controlled trials were pooled and the effect was estimated using fixed or random effects meta-analysis model and reported as difference in means (DM). Variability in the response of blood lipids to supplementation with flavonols was assessed by stratifying various population subgroups: age, sex, country, and health status. Results showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (DM = -0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.01), LDL cholesterol (DM = -0.14 mmol/L; Nutrients 2017, 9, 117 2 of 21 95% CI: -0.21, 0.07), and triacylglycerol (DM = -0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.18, 0.03), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (DM = 0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07). A significant reduction was also observed in fasting plasma glucose (DM = -0.18 mmol/L; 95%CI: -0.29, -0.08), and in blood pressure (SBP: DM = -4.84 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.64, -4.04; DBP: DM = -3.32 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.09, -2.55). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect of flavonol intake in participants from Asian countries and in participants with diagnosed disease or dyslipidemia, compared to healthy and normal baseline values. In conclusion, flavonol consumption improved biomarkers of CVD risk, however, country of origin and health status may influence the effect of flavonol intake on blood lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Menezes
- iBET/ITQB, Molecular Nutrition & Health Laboratory, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Antonia Kaltsatou
- FAME Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Volos, Greece;
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.-L.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | | | - Julie Dumont
- Université Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Manuel Schär
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK;
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.-L.); (M.G.-A.)
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK; (S.A.P.-D.); (E.C.)
| | - Paula Pinto
- iBET/ITQB, Molecular Nutrition & Health Laboratory, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, ESA, Department of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
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Li K, Yang H, Yan H, Sun Y, Chen X, Guo J, Yue J, Huang C. Quercetin as a simple but versatile primer in dentin bonding. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A quercetin/ethanol solution may serve as a simple but versatile primer to obtain desirable bonding stability and prevent secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Huiyi Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Yuhong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Dentistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Jingmei Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Jiaxi Yue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
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25
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Sobeh M, ElHawary E, Peixoto H, Labib RM, Handoussa H, Swilam N, El-Khatib AH, Sharapov F, Mohamed T, Krstin S, Linscheid MW, Singab AN, Wink M, Ayoub N. Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2404. [PMID: 27896020 PMCID: PMC5119267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied. The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcohol extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. METHODS In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. RESULTS More than forty polyphenols, including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside. The total phenolics content of SBE was (376 mg CAE/g), followed by flavonoids (67.87 QE/g). In vitro antioxidant activity of SBE was evidenced by DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 9 µg/mL), FRAP ferric reducing activity (5,000 mol Fe2+ E/mg) and ABTS peroxide inhibiting activity (1,054 mM Trolox E/mg). The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress, an increased survival rate (up to 41%) was recorded, when compared with the control group (11%) and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in dose-dependent and reached up to 72% for the highest tested concentration. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in dose-dependent up to 60% in the 150 µg SBE/mL group. In DAF-16 Subcellular localization SBE treated worms showed nuclear localization pattern up to 78%, while it was only 5% in the untreated control group. DISCUSSION A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esraa ElHawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Herbenya Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rola M Labib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Swilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Khatib
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farukh Sharapov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamer Mohamed
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krstin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nahla Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Pak B, Han S, Lee J, Chung YS. Evaluation of in vivo Genotoxicity of Plant Flavonoids, Quercetin and Isoquercetin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2016.31.5.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Quercetin is generally present as quercetin glycoside in nature and involves quercetin aglycone conjugated to sugar moieties such as glucose or rutinose. Quercetin has been reported to exhibit antioxidative, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregatory and vasodilating effects. Unfortunately, quercetin bioavailability is generally poor and several factors affect its bioavailability. Quercetin bioavailability varies widely between individuals. Gender may affect quercetin bioavailability, but there is no clear evidence. There has been little research looking for the effects of age and vitamin C status on bioavailability of quercetin supplements, but there is no research seeking out the effects of age and vitamin C status on bioavailability of food-derived quercetin. Presence of sugar moieties increases bioavailability and differences in quercetin-conjugated glycosides affect bioavailability. For instance, onion-derived quercetin, which is mainly quercetin glucoside, is more bioavailable than apple-derived quercetin, which contains quercetin rhamnoside and quercetin galactoside. Quercetin is lipophilic compound, thus dietary fat enhances its bioavailability. Nondigestible fiber may also improve quercetin bioavailability. Quercetin bioavailability is greater when it is consumed as an integral food component. This study reviews and discusses factors affecting quercetin bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müzeyyen Kaşıkcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Neriman Bağdatlıoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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28
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Moriguchi T, Sakao K, Hou DX, Yoza K. 3,5,7-Triacetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)-4 H-1-benzopyran-4-one. IUCRDATA 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C25H20O12, commonly known as pentaacetylated quercetin, the benzene ring and one of its methoxy substituent groups is disordered (site occupancy ratio 0.523:0.427), with a dihedral angle between the major-disorder component and the benzene ring of the benzopyranone moiety of 10.8 (6)°. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions give chains which extend alongb.
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29
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Rani N, Velan LPT, Vijaykumar S, Arunachalam A. An insight into the potentially old-wonder molecule-quercetin: the perspectives in foresee. Chin J Integr Med 2015:10.1007/s11655-015-2073-x. [PMID: 26354747 PMCID: PMC7088573 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Use of phyto-medicine and digitalization of phyto-compounds has been fallen enthralling field of science in recent years. Quercetin, a flavonoid with brilliant citron yellow pigment, is typically found in fruits and leafy vegetables in reasonable amount. Quercetin's potentials as an antioxidant, immune-modulator, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, and others have been the subject of interest in this review. Although, profiling the insights in to the molecular characterization of quercetin with various targets provided the loop-holes in understanding the knowledge for the aforementioned mechanisms, still necessitates research globally to unearth it completely. Thus, the available science on the synthesis and significant role played by the old molecule - quercetin which does wonders even now have been vividly explained in the present review to benefit the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rani
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | | | - Saravanan Vijaykumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Department of Botany, Sethupathy Government Arts and Science Collage, Alagappa University, Ramanathpuram, Tamil Nadu, 632502, India
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30
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Yang D, Liu X, Liu M, Chi H, Liu J, Han H. Protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against H 2O 2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1253-1260. [PMID: 26622474 PMCID: PMC4578013 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the association between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, the blockage of the inflammatory process that occurs on the endothelial cells may be a useful way of preventing atherosclerosis. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against H2O2-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. HUVECs were pretreated with quercetin or taraxasterol at concentrations ranging between 0 and 210 µM for 12 h, prior to being administered different concentrations of H2O2 for 4 h. Cell viability and levels of apoptosis were assessed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, respectively, to determine the injury to the HUVECs. The viability loss in the H2O2-induced HUVECs was markedly restored in a concentration-dependent manner by pretreatment with quercetin or taraxasterol. This effect was accompanied by significantly decreased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and cluster of differentiation (CD)80 for taraxasterol and that of CD80 for quercetin. In conclusion, the present study showed the protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against cell injury and inflammation in HUVECs and indicated that the effects were mediated via the downregulation of VCAM-1 and CD80 expression. This study has therefore served as a preliminary investigation on the anti-atherosclerotic and cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jirong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, North China Electric Power University Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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Bondonno NP, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Ward NC, Croft KD. The Efficacy of Quercetin in Cardiovascular Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Shi Y, Williamson G. Comparison of the urinary excretion of quercetin glycosides from red onion and aglycone from dietary supplements in healthy subjects: a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over study. Food Funct 2015; 6:1443-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on bioavailability estimates in healthy human volunteers, 166 mg quercetin from a supplement is comparable to ∼10 mg quercetin from onions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlu Shi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
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33
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Bahrin LG, Apostu MO, Birsa LM, Stefan M. The antibacterial properties of sulfur containing flavonoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2315-8. [PMID: 24751444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Some dithiocarbamic esters bearing a flavanone backbone, as well as their corresponding 1,3-dithiolium salts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The 1,3-dithiolium tricyclic flavonoids display good inhibitory properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian G Bahrin
- Department of Chemistry, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea O Apostu
- Department of Chemistry, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian M Birsa
- Department of Chemistry, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marius Stefan
- Department of Biology, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
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34
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Nile SH, Park SW. Total phenolics, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three colored onions (Allium cepaL.). FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2014.901926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Kostyn K, Szatkowski M, Kulma A, Kosieradzka I, Szopa J. Transgenic potato plants with overexpression of dihydroflavonol reductase can serve as efficient nutrition sources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6743-6753. [PMID: 23692339 DOI: 10.1021/jf400645s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is considered to be one of the most important crops cultivated in Europe and the entire world. The tubers of the potato are characterized by rich starch and protein contents and high concentrations of antioxidants, such as vitamin C and flavonoids. Notably, the presence of the phenolic antioxidants is of high importance as they have health-related properties. They are known to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, prevent certain kinds of cancer, and aid with many other kinds of diseases. The aim of this study was to find the most efficient way to increase the content of phenolic antioxidants in potato tubers through transgenesis. The results showed that the most efficacious way to achieve this goal was the overexpression of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene (DFR). The produced transgenic potato plants served as a nutrition source for laboratory rats; the study has confirmed their nontoxicity and nutritional benefits on the tested animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Wei XL, Chen XQ, Fang RT, Sun XY, Zhu CS, Yang J, Xue X, Wang Q. Preventive Effects of Flavonoid Extracts from Ilex hainanensisMerr. on Rats with Hepatic Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-lan Wei
- Xi'an Chest and Tuberculosis Hospital; Shanxi; China
| | | | - Ru-tang Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology; The 451 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; Shanxi; China
| | - Xiao-yan Sun
- Institute of Literature; Shanghai University of TCM; Shanghai; China
| | | | - Jie Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University; Jiangsu; China
| | - Xin Xue
- Xi'an Chest and Tuberculosis Hospital; Shanxi; China
| | - Qiang Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University; Jiangsu; China
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Snyder SM, Reber JD, Freeman BL, Orgad K, Eggett DL, Parker TL. Controlling for sugar and ascorbic acid, a mixture of flavonoids matching navel oranges significantly increases human postprandial serum antioxidant capacity. Nutr Res 2011; 31:519-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to quercetin and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1647), “cardiovascular system” (ID 1844), “mental state and performance” (ID 1845), and “liver, kidneys” (I. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bruno FF, Trotta A, Fossey S, Nagarajan S, Nagarajan R, Samuelson LA, Kumar J. Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of PolyQuercetin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.518839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Quercetin, a phenolic flavonoid found in small quantities in some fruits and vegetables, is an adenosine receptor antagonist in vitro marketed as a dietary supplement for purported caffeine-like effects. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects study was conducted to compare the behavioral effects of quercetin to a central adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine. Fifty-seven volunteers received either 2000 mg of quercetin dihydrate (a dose estimated based on in vitro receptor binding to be equivalent in potency to 200 mg of caffeine), placebo, or 200 mg of caffeine. One hour later, a 45-minute visual vigilance task was administered. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was completed before treatment and immediately after vigilance testing. On the vigilance task, caffeine increased the number of stimuli detected (P < 0.02) and decreased the reaction time (P = 0.001). Caffeine increased self-reported vigor and reduced fatigue and total mood disturbance Profile of Mood States scores compared with placebo. Quercetin did not significantly alter any parameter, but values were typically intermediate between caffeine and placebo on those tests affected by caffeine. Quercetin is unlikely to have any effects when consumed by humans in quantities present in the diet or in dietary supplements. Caffeine (200 mg) administration resulted in the expected effects on vigilance and mood.
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Wein S, Behm N, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Wolffram S. Quercetin enhances adiponectin secretion by a PPAR-gamma independent mechanism. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:16-22. [PMID: 20580672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To study possible insulin sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the flavonol quercetin, rats were fed a high-fat diet (19%, w/w) with (HFQ) or without (HF) 0.03% quercetin or a flavonoid-poor low-fat (5%, w/w) maintenance diet (LF) over 4 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, and plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, as well as of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured (12h fasted) at the end of the feeding period. Adiponectin and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor (PPAR)-gamma mRNA were measured in adipose tissue (WAT) by real-time RT-PCR. PPAR-gamma transactivation was investigated by means of a reporter gene assay. HF feeding resulted in elevated fasted plasma glucose concentrations, while HFQ did not differ from LF feeding. In the HFQ group plasma concentrations and WAT mRNA levels of adiponectin were elevated compared with the HF group, however, PPAR-gamma mRNA concentration in WAT was decreased (HFQ vs. HF). Compared to both other groups quercetin feeding significantly reduced oxidative stress, measured by plasma 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), while body weight gain, body composition and plasma leptin levels were not affected. Neither quercetin nor its metabolites induced PPAR-gamma-mediated transactivation in vitro. Adiponectin stimulating effects of quercetin are PPAR-gamma-independent and prevent impairment of insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Wein
- Institute of Animal Nutrition & Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Herrmann-Rodewald-Str 9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Kinetic studies of the oxidation of quercetin, rutin and taxifolin in the basic medium by (ethylenediaminetetraacetato) cobalt(III) complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effects of de-alcoholised wines with different polyphenol content on DNA oxidative damage, gene expression of peripheral lymphocytes, and haemorheology: an intervention study in post-menopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:19-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shanely RA, Knab AM, Nieman DC, Jin F, McAnulty SR, Landram MJ. Quercetin supplementation does not alter antioxidant status in humans. Free Radic Res 2009; 44:224-31. [DOI: 10.3109/10715760903407293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kulisić T, Krisko A, Dragović-Uzelac V, Milos M, Pifat G. The effects of essential oils and aqueous tea infusions of oregano (Origanum vulgareL. spp.hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgarisL.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllumL.) on the copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 58:87-93. [PMID: 17469764 DOI: 10.1080/09637480601108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative capacity effect of essential oils and aqueous tea infusions obtained from oregano, thyme and wild thyme on the oxidation susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) has been studied. The results indicate a dose-dependent protective effect of the tested essential oils and aqueous tea infusions on the copper-induced LDL oxidation. The protective effect of essential oils is assigned to the presence of phenolic monoterpenes, thymol and carvacrol, which are identified as the dominant compounds in these essential oils. The strong protective effect of aqueous tea infusions is proposed to be the consequence of large amounts of polyphenols, namely rosmarinic acid and flavonoids (quercetin, eriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin), with the most pronounced effect in the case of oregano. These findings may have implications for the effect of these compounds on LDL in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kulisić
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, Croatia.
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Otaki N, Kimira M, Katsumata SI, Uehara M, Watanabe S, Suzuki K. Distribution and major sources of flavonoid intakes in the middle-aged Japanese women. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 44:231-8. [PMID: 19430611 PMCID: PMC2675018 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the intake of individual flavonoids in a cross sectional study and clarified the major sources contributing to the flavonoid levels in the middle-aged Japanese women by a 24-h weighed dietary record study. The subjects included in the study were 516 free-living women. Each subject completed a 24-h weighed dietary record and received a health check-up. We used the Functional Food Factor database for estimating the intake of 5 major flavonoid intakes, i.e. flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones and flavones. The mean intake of flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones and flavones was 1277, 216, 58, 31 and 15 µmol/d, respectively. The richest source of flavan-3-ols was green tea. The 3 major food sources of isoflavone were the processed soy foods and those of flavonol were the onion, moroheiya (nalta jute) and Japanese radish leaves. Grapefruit and citrus fruit juices were the major sources of flavanones, and tsurumurasaki (malabar spinach), green pepper and grapefruit were the main sources of flavone. Furthermore, analysis of sub-samples from middle-aged Japanese women indicated that there may be an association between flavonoid intake and the levels of oxidized LDL, which might be related to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Otaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Mechanisms of flavonoid protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:309-17. [PMID: 19133271 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have long been acknowledged for their unique antioxidant properties, and possess other activities that may be relevant to heart ischemia-reperfusion. They may prevent production of oxidants (e.g. by inhibition of xanthine oxidase and chelation of transition metals), inhibit oxidants from attacking cellular targets (e.g. by electron donation and scavenging activities), block propagation of oxidative reactions (by chain-breaking antioxidant activity), and reinforce cellular antioxidant capacity (through sparing effects on other antioxidants and inducing expression of endogenous antioxidants). Flavonoids also possess anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation effects through inhibiting relevant enzymes and signaling pathways, resulting ultimately in lower oxidant production and better re-establishment of blood in the ischemic zone. Finally, flavonoids are vasodilatory through a variety of mechanisms, one of which is likely interaction with ion channels. These multifaceted activities of flavonoids raise their utility as possible therapeutic interventions to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Effect of apoE genotype and dietary quercetin on blood lipids and TNF-alpha levels in apoE3 and apoE4 targeted gene replacement mice. Br J Nutr 2008; 101:1440-3. [PMID: 18986596 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on blood lipids and TNF-alpha levels according to the apoE genotype in apoE3 and apoE4 targeted gene replacement mice. In a two-factorial design female apoE3 and apoE4 mice were fed semi-synthetic diets without (controls) and with quercetin (2 mg/g diet) for 6 weeks. Feeding the quercetin-supplemented diets significantly increased plasma levels of quercetin and isorhamnetin both in apoE3 and apoE4 mice. There was no significant effect of apoE genotype on plasma quercetin levels. ApoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice exhibited similar plasma levels of apoE and cholesterol which were not significantly affected by dietary quercetin supplementation. In mice receiving the basal diet without quercetin supplementation, levels of TNF-alpha in whole blood stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide were higher in apoE3 as compared to apoE4 transgenic mice. Dietary quercetin significantly lowered levels of TNF-alpha by 44 % in apoE3 mice relative to apoE3 mice receiving the unsupplemented diets. In apoE4 mice a moderate (20 %) but not significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels in response to the quercetin supplementation was evident. Following quercetin supplementation TNF-alpha levels were similar between apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice. Current findings indicate that apoE3 mice are more responsive to the TNF-alpha lowering properties of dietary quercetin supplementation as compared to apoE4 animals.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quercetin is discussed since several decades as a multipotent bioflavonoid with great potential for the prevention and treatment of disease. In the current review, we present the most recent findings on quercetin with regard to the pharmacology, the in-vitro and in-vivo effects in different cell systems and animal models, and the clinical effects in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Quercetin bioavailability has been underestimated in the past and can be improved by food matrix components or particular delivery forms. Among the biological effects of particular relevance, the antihypertensive effects of quercetin in humans and the improvement of endothelial function should be emphasized. Together with its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects, the latter mainly mediated through the inhibition of cytokines and nitric oxide, quercetin is a candidate for preventing obesity-related diseases. Most exiting are the findings that quercetin enhances physical power by yet unclear mechanisms. The anti-infectious and immunomodulatory activities of quercetin might be related to this effect. SUMMARY Quercetin is a most promising compound for disease prevention and therapy; however, many of the effects still need confirmation by human intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Egert S, Wolffram S, Bosy-Westphal A, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Wagner AE, Frank J, Rimbach G, Mueller MJ. Daily quercetin supplementation dose-dependently increases plasma quercetin concentrations in healthy humans. J Nutr 2008; 138:1615-21. [PMID: 18716159 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of an oral supplementation of quercetin at 3 different doses on plasma concentrations of quercetin, parameters of oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammation, and metabolism. To this end, 35 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to take 50, 100, or 150 mg/d (group Q50-Q150) quercetin for 2 wk. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the supplementation period. Compared with baseline, quercetin supplementation significantly increased plasma concentrations of quercetin by 178% (Q50), 359% (Q100), and 570% (Q150; P < 0.01 for all). High interindividual variation was found for plasma quercetin concentrations (36-57%). Quercetin did not affect concentrations of serum uric acid or plasma alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, oxidized LDL, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or plasma antioxidative capacity as assessed by the ferric-reducing antioxidant potential and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. In addition, serum lipids and lipoproteins, body composition, and resting energy expenditure did not significantly change during quercetin supplementation. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin were investigated in a subgroup of 15 volunteers. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curves ranged from 76.1 mumol.min.L(-1) to 305.8 mumol.min.L(-1) (50- and 150-mg dosages, respectively). Median maximum plasma concentrations of quercetin (431 nmol/L) were observed 360 min after intake of 150 mg quercetin. In conclusion, daily supplementation of healthy humans with graded concentrations of quercetin for 2 wk dose-dependently increased plasma quercetin concentrations but did not affect antioxidant status, oxidized LDL, inflammation, or metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Egert
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science and 4Institute of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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