Spinal subarachnoid mass and polyradiculoneuropathy due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with AIDS

Cytomegalovirus disease presenting as a focal brain mass: report of two cases

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE

Although the differential diagnosis of intracranial lesions in patients who have tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus is extensive, toxoplasmosis, lymphoma, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy comprise approximately 90% of such cases. Cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system may be difficult to diagnose and rarely presents as mass lesions revealed by radiographic studies.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Two patients who had tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus presented with progressive focal neurological deficits. Radiographic studies revealed solitary contrast-enhancing lesions in the right basal ganglia and right cerebellar hemisphere, respectively.

INTERVENTION

The first patient underwent a stereotactic biopsy but died despite appropriate therapy. The second patient died without tissue having been obtained for diagnosis. Postmortem examinations revealed necrotizing lesions with diffuse areas of infiltrating histiocytes containing eosinophilic cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.

CONCLUSION

Although rare, cytomegalovirus infection should be considered in patients who have tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus and who present with enhancing intracranial lesions.