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Veras FP, Peres RS, Saraiva ALL, Pinto LG, Louzada-Junior P, Cunha TM, Paschoal JAR, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, a high-energy intermediate of glycolysis, attenuates experimental arthritis by activating anti-inflammatory adenosinergic pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15171. [PMID: 26478088 PMCID: PMC4609967 DOI: 10.1038/srep15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is an endogenous intermediate of the glycolytic pathway. Exogenous administration of FBP has been shown to exert protective effects in a variety of ischemic injury models, which are attributed to its ability to sustain glycolysis and increase ATP production. Here, we demonstrated that a single treatment with FBP markedly attenuated arthritis, assessed by reduction of articular hyperalgesia, joint swelling, neutrophil infiltration and production of inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6, while enhancing IL-10 production in two mouse models of arthritis. Our mechanistic studies showed that FBP reduces joint inflammation through the systemic generation of extracellular adenosine and subsequent activation of adenosine receptor A2a (A2aR). Moreover, we showed that FBP-induced adenosine generation requires hydrolysis of extracellular ATP through the activity of the ectonucleosides triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5NT, also known as CD73). In accordance, inhibition of CD39 and CD73 abolished anti-arthritic effects of FBP. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of FBP, showing that it effectively attenuates experimental arthritis by activating the anti-inflammatory adenosinergic pathway. Therefore, FBP may represent a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio P Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael S Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André L L Saraiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa G Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas A R Paschoal
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Li J, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Ma B, Wu Z, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhu J, Ying H, Ouyang P. Strontium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced oligozoospermia by improving antioxidant and inhibiting testicular apoptosis via FAS/FASL pathway. Andrologia 2014; 47:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Y. Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Q. Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - B. Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Z. Wu
- School of Pharmacy; FMHS; The University of Auckland; Auckland CA USA
| | - Y. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - H. Ying
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - P. Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
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3
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Kalam Y, Graudins A. The effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on haemodynamic parameters and survival in a rodent model of propranolol and verapamil poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2012; 50:546-54. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2012.705847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Ma B, Zhang Q, Wang G, Wu Z, Shaw JP, Hu Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yang Z, Ying H. Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate (Sr-FDP) as a potential anti-osteoporosis agent in intact and ovariectomized rats. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:563-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhang Q, Liu HR, Ying HJ, Dai DZ, Tang XY, Dai Y. Strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate alleviates early diabetic testopathy by suppressing abnormal testicular matrix metalloproteinase system in streptozocin-treated rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.02.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Male hypogonadism is frequently associated with testopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and in middle-aged males. We hypothesized that abnormal matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in testis have large roles to play in male hypogonadism. It has been found in diabetic rats that a novel compound, strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP-Sr), with extra high energy supply, could reverse male hypogonadism by normalizing MMP-9 and TIMPs in the testis. We investigated whether FDP-Sr could be promising in treating diabetic testopathy.
Methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were treated with FDP-Sr in three doses or testosterone propionate in the final four weeks during the eight-week study.
Key findings
Serum testosterone, activity of marker enzymes, and mRNA of MMPs and TIMPs and protein of MMP-9 in the testis were detected. After eight weeks, the activity of acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in testis were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), accompanied by down-regulated mRNA and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P < 0.01) and upregulated mRNA of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Downregulated MMP-9 protein and degenerative changes in histology were predominant in diabetic testis.
Conclusions
FDP-Sr or testosterone propionate significantly normalized expression and activity of the MMPs–TIMPs system to attenuate changes in serum testosterone, marker enzymes and histology in testis. Effects of FDP-S-r were dose-dependent and comparable with those of testosterone propionate. By supplying extra energy, FDP-Sr could be promising in treating diabetic testopathy by normalizing abnormal MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitors in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han-Jie Ying
- College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - De-Zai Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tang
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Marangos PJ, Fox AW, Riedel BJ, Royston D, Dziewanowska ZE. Potential therapeutic applications of fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 7:615-23. [PMID: 15991998 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.7.4.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia-related tissue injury is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Drugs that can reduce ischaemic injury would be beneficial in treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), surgical trauma and stroke. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) is a key intermediate in anaerobic glycolysis and is the product of the major regulatory enzyme in the pathway (phosphofructokinase). Preclinical and clinical data suggest that FDP has substantial cytoprotective effects in a variety of ischaemia-reperfusion injury scenarios. Evidence indicates that FDP has a direct effect on ATP pools, reduces ischaemia-induced tissue damage and has positive inotropic effects on heart function. The clinical data suggest that FDP may be a useful drug in a variety of ischaemic and inflammatory clinical settings where acute management of tissue injury is desired. Potential uses include: iv. administration for the reduction of ischaemic injury in sickle cell anaemia, bypass surgery, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, as well as organ preservation in transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Marangos
- Cypros Pharmaceutical Corporation, 2714 Loker Avenue West, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Alves Filho JCF, Santos RCV, Castaman TA, de Oliveira JR. Anti-inflammatory effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rat. Pharmacol Res 2004; 49:245-8. [PMID: 14726219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), a high energy intermediate metabolite of glycolysis, in an acute model of lung injury. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of rats elicited an acute inflammation response characterized by a fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity which contained a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. FBP (500mg/kg) attenuated the inflammation parameters: exudate volume, total leukocytes and the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the protein concentration in the exudate was not significantly affected by treatment with FBP. The precise site and mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect was not addressed, considering the diverse pharmacological actions of FBP. This drug has anti-inflammatory actions suggesting that it may represent a novel strategy for the modulation of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Farias Alves Filho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12C-Sala 263, C.P.1429, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Riedel BJ, Gal J, Ellis G, Marangos PJ, Fox AW, Royston D. Myocardial protection using fructose-1,6-diphosphate during coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:20-29. [PMID: 14693576 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000094336.97693.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), an intermediary glycolytic pathway metabolite, ameliorates ischemic tissue injury through increased high-energy phosphate levels and may therefore have cardioprotective properties in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We designed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, sequential-cohort, dose-ranging safety study to test 5 FDP dosage regimens in patients (n = 120; 60 FDP, 60 control) undergoing CABG surgery. Of these dosage regimens, 3 produced no benefit, 1 produced improved cardiac function, and 1 required adjustment as a result of metabolic acidosis. This suggests that we achieved the intended effect of a dose-ranging study. The expected response was observed in patients treated with 250 mg/kg FDP IV before surgery and 2.5 mM FDP as a cardioplegic additive (n = 15). These patients had lower serum creatine kinase-MB levels 2, 4, and 6 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05), fewer perioperative myocardial infarctions (P < 0.05), and improved postoperative cardiac function, as evidenced by higher left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) 6, 12, and 16 h (P < 0.01) and cardiac index (CI) at 12 and 16 h (P < 0.05) after reperfusion. Overall efficacy of FDP was tested across all regimens that included IV FDP (n = 88; 44 FDP, 44 control) using 2 (FDP versus placebo) x 3 (dose size) factorial analyses. Area-under-curve (AUC) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in CI (AUC-16h, P = 0.013) and LVSWI (AUC-16h, P = 0.003) and reduction in CK-MB levels (AUC-16h, P < 0.05) in FDP-treated patients. The internal consistency of this dataset suggests that FDP may provide myocardial protection in CABG surgery and supports previous laboratory and clinical studies of FDP in ischemic heart disease. IMPLICATIONS Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) may increase high-energy phosphate levels under anaerobic conditions and therefore ameliorate ischemic injury. A dose-ranging safety study for FDP was conducted in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Preischemic provision of FDP significantly improved cardiac function and reduced perioperative ischemic injury. These myocardial protective effects may improve patient outcome after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J Riedel
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK and †Cypros Pharmaceutical Corporation, Carlsbad, California (now incorporated into Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hayward, California)
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9
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Izumi Y, Benz AM, Katsuki H, Matsukawa M, Clifford DB, Zorumski CF. Effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on morphological and functional neuronal integrity in rat hippocampal slices during energy deprivation. Neuroscience 2003; 116:465-75. [PMID: 12559101 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a high energy glycolytic intermediate, attenuates ischemic damage in a variety of tissues, including brain. To determine whether D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate serves as an alternate energy substrate in the CNS, rat hippocampal slices were treated with D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glucose deprivation. Unlike pyruvate, an endproduct of glycolysis, 10 mM D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate did not preserve synaptic transmission or morphological integrity of CA1 pyramidal neurons during glucose deprivation. Moreover, during glucose deprivation, 10-mM D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate failed to maintain adenosine triphosphate levels in slices. D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, however, attenuated acute neuronal degeneration produced by 200 microM iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis downstream of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Because (5S, 10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, exhibited similar protection against iodoacetate damage, we examined whether (5S, 10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine and D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate share a common neuroprotective mechanism. Indeed, D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate diminished N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic responses and partially attenuated neuronal degeneration induced by 100-microM N-methyl-D-aspartate. Taken together, these results indicate that D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is unlikely to serve as an energy substrate in the hippocampus, and that neuroprotective effects of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate are mediated by mechanisms other than anaerobic energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63310, USA.
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10
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Figueroa AH, Stone RH, Cohly HH, Lehan PH, Markov AK. Effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate versus diphenhydramine on mortality in compound 48/80-induced shock. Toxicol Lett 2001; 122:141-8. [PMID: 11439220 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has a salutary effect on hemorrhagic, traumatic and endotoxic shock. The role of FDP on compound 48/80-induced shock was therefore investigated. Sprague Dawley aged male rats (448+/-7.4 gm body weight) were randomly assigned into three groups and treated intraperitoneally with diphenhydramine (DPHM) 15 mg/kg (n=11), 12.5 ml of 10% FDP (n=10) and 12.5 ml saline (n=10). The rats were injected with compound 48/80 (5 mg/kg) 30 min later, and monitored every 10 min for 60 min. Arterial pressure was higher in FDP rats than in DPHM (P<0.01) or saline (P<0.005) groups. Plasma potassium (K(+)) was lower in the FDP group (P<0.01). Arterial pO2 and pCO2 were within physiological range in all groups. A profound decrease in arterial pH and bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) was also observed in all groups. Mortality at 48 h in the saline group was 100%, in the DPHM group 91%, and in the FDP group 20% (P<0.001 and P<0.005, respectively). FDP improved survival significantly in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Figueroa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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11
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Ehringer WD, Niu W, Chiang B, Wang OL, Gordon L, Chien S. Membrane permeability of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in lipid vesicles and endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 210:35-45. [PMID: 10976756 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007059214754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) is a glycolytic intermediate which has been used an intervention in various ischemic conditions for two decades. Yet whether FDP can enter the cell is under constant debate. In this study we examined membrane permeability of FDP in artificial membrane bilayers and in endothelial cells. To examine passive diffusion of FDP through the membrane bilayer, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (Egg PC) (10 mM) multi-lamellar vesicles were created containing different external concentrations of FDP (0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mM). The passive diffusion of FDP into the vesicles was followed spectrophotometrically. The results indicate that FDP diffuses through the membrane bilayer in a dose-dependent fashion. The movement of FDP through Egg PC membrane bilayers was confirmed by measuring the conversion of FDP to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and the formation of hydrozone. FDP (0, 0.5, 5 or 50 mM) was encapsulated in Egg PC multilamellar vesicles and placed in a solution containing aldolase. In the 5 and 50 mM FDP groups there was a significant increase in dihydroxyacetone/hydrazone indicating that FDP crossed the membrane bilayer intact. We theorized that the passive diffusion of FDP might be due to disruption of the membrane bilayer. To examine this hypothesis, small unilamellar vesicles composed of Egg PC were created in the presence of 60 mM carboxyfluorescein, and the leakage of the sequestered dye was followed upon addition of various concentrations of FDP, fructose, fructose-6-phosphate, or fructose-1-phosphate (0, 5 or 50 mM). These results indicate that increasing concentrations of FDP increase the leakage rate of carboxyfluorescein. In contrast, no concentration of fructose, fructose-6-phosphate, or fructose-1-phosphate resulted in any significant increase in membrane permeability to carboxyfluorescein. To examine whether FDP could pass through cellular membranes, we examined the uptake of 14C-FDP by endothelial cells cultured under hypoxia or normoxia for 4 or 16 h. The uptake of FDP was dose-dependent in both the normoxia and hypoxia treated cells, and was accompanied by no significant loss in endothelial cell viability. Our results demonstrate that FDP can diffuse through membrane bilayers in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Ehringer
- Center for Applied Microcirculatory Research, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY 40292, USA
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Markov AK, Neely WA, Didlake RH, Terry J, Causey A, Lehan PH. Metabolic responses to fructose-1,6-diphosphate in healthy subjects. Metabolism 2000; 49:698-703. [PMID: 10877192 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2000.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) is an important naturally occurring intracellular metabolite with a direct regulatory role in many metabolic pathways. The most important and widely studied of the FDP effects has been its regulation of glycolysis, particularly the enzyme that synthesizes FDP--phosphofructokinase (PFK). Since it was observed experimentally that FDP does indeed modulate carbohydrate metabolism, we investigated whether FDP would similarly enhance carbohydrate utilization in man. The study used indirect calorimetry and was open to healthy adults (N = 45) of either sex and above legal age. After a steady metabolic state was obtained, 5 g of FDP (10%) was infused into a brachial vein. In 10 subjects, glucose (5 g) or FDP (5 g) was sequentially infused. The rapid intravenous infusion of FDP produced a slight but significant decrease in heart and respiration rates (P < .05). A significant increase in the serum concentration of inorganic phosphate (P < .0001) and the intraerythrocytic concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (P < .01) was also observed. The FDP infusion produced a decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). The indirect calorimetric data indicate that the infusion produced a highly significant increase in the respiratory quotient ([RQ] P < .0001) and the energy derived from carbohydrates (P < .0001) and a significant decrease in the energy derived from lipids (P < .0001). Glucose infusion did not cause changes in any of the parameters. These data indicate that carbohydrate metabolism is stimulated by FDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Markov
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson 39216, USA
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Markov AK, Brumley MA, Figueroa A, Skelton TN, Lehan PH. Hemodynamic effects of fructose 1,6-diphosphate in patients with normal and impaired left ventricular function. Am Heart J 1997; 133:541-9. [PMID: 9141376 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We compared the short-term hemodynamic effects of intravenous fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) administration in patients with coronary artery disease. Hemodynamic measurements were performed before and after administration of FDP in two groups of patients: those with impaired left ventricular (LV) function, elevated LV end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP > or =12 mm Hg, n = 30), and those with normal LV function (LVEDP <12 mm Hg, n = 17). In those with impaired LV function, FDP induced a decrease in LVEDP from 22 +/- 1.31 to 16.73 +/- 1.46 mm Hg (p< 0.0001). The cardiac index increased (2.50 +/- 0.11 to 2.81 +/- 0.13 L/m2 [p < 0.0001]), as did the LV stroke work index (31.7 +/- 2.04 to 40.3 +/- 2.67 gm x m x m2 [p < 0.0001]). FDP induced no significant change in heart rate and mean aortic pressure. Pulmonary pressure and resistance declined (p<0.002 and p< 0.0001, respectively). Systemic vascular resistance decreased because of increased cardiac output and unchanged arterial pressure (p < 0.001). In those patients with normal baseline LVEDP (5.06 +/- 0.27 mm Hg), FDP decreased heart rate (p< 0.0001) and systemic and pulmonary resistance (p < 0.03 and p < 0.004, respectively), whereas LVEDP and mean aortic and pulmonary pressures remained unchanged. FDP moderately increased cardiac output (p < 0.05), stroke volume index, and LV stroke work index (p< 0.002 and p< 0.003, respectively). The observed improvement in LV function in those patients with elevated LV filling pressures is thought to be a result of an increased energy production by the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway and to act as a positive inotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Markov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA
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14
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Bickler PE, Kelleher JA. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stabilizes brain intracellular calcium during hypoxia in rats. Stroke 1992; 23:1617-22. [PMID: 1440710 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.23.11.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exogenously administered fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reduces neuronal injury from hypoxic or ischemic brain insults. To test the hypothesis that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate prevents changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and high-energy phosphate levels, we measured [Ca2+]i, intracellular pH (pHi), and adenosine triphosphate in cultured rat cortical astrocytes and cortical brain slices during hypoxia. METHODS The fluorescent indicators fura-2 and bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein were used to simultaneously measure [Ca2+]i and pHi with a fluorometer. RESULTS Exposure to hypoxia (95% N2, 5% CO2) or 100 microM sodium cyanide produced transient increases in [Ca2+]i in astrocytes and sustained increases in [Ca2+]i in brain slices. Adenosine triphosphate levels fell in slices exposed to hypoxia or cyanide. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (3.5 mM) blocked increases in [Ca2+]i and prevented depletion of adenosine triphosphate. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate also partially prevented adenosine triphosphate depletion in brain slices incubated in glucose-free medium. Iodoacetate (a specific inhibitor of glycolysis) elevated [Ca2+]i and partially prevented these actions of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Changes in pHi during hypoxia were not affected by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. CONCLUSIONS Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate supports adenosine triphosphate production via stimulation of glycolysis and results in the maintenance of normal [Ca2+]i during hypoxia or hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Bickler
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0542
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Abstract
Cardiac metabolism changes in response to oxygen and substrate availability during development. The fetus is relatively more dependent on anaerobic glycolysis, using glucose as its major substrate during hypoxia, lactate when well-oxygenated. The mature heart is almost exclusively aerobic, with nonesterified fatty acids as the predominant substrate. During hypoxia and ischemia, shifting the heart to carbohydrate metabolism has oxygen-sparing effects. Blocking lipolysis or carnitine palmityl transferase activity prevents accumulation of potentially toxic long-chain esters during hypoxia/ischemia, thereby reducing the risk of electrophysiologic disturbance and membrane disruption. Knowledge of developmental cardiac metabolism may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies to preserve the myocardium during hypoxia and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Tripp
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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