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Yang S, Xue B, Zhang Y, Wu H, Yu B, Li S, Ma T, Gao X, Hao Y, Guo L, Liu Q, Gao X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Qin M, Tian Y, Fu L, Zhou B, Li L, Li J, Gong S, Xia B, Huang J. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Antler Blastema Progenitor Cells: A Therapeutic Choice for Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2025; 19:5995-6013. [PMID: 39841785 PMCID: PMC11841045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Deer antler blastema progenitor cells (ABPCs) are promising for regenerative medicine due to their role in annual antler regeneration, the only case of complete organ regeneration in mammals. ABPC-derived signals show great potential for promoting regeneration in tissues with limited natural regenerative ability. Our findings demonstrate the capability of extracellular vesicles from ABPCs (EVsABPC) to repair spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition with low regenerative capacity. EVsABPC significantly enhanced the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and activated neuronal regenerative potential, resulting in a 5.2-fold increase in axonal length. Additionally, EVsABPC exhibited immunomodulatory effects, shifting macrophages from M1 to M2. Engineered with activated cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs), EVsABPC significantly outperformed EVs from rat bone marrow stem cells (EVsBMSC) and neural stem cells (EVsNSC), promoting a 1.3-fold increase in axonal growth, a 30.6% reduction in neuronal apoptosis, and a 2.6-fold improvement in motor function recovery. These findings support ABPC-derived EVs as a promising therapeutic candidate for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Borui Xue
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
- Air
Force 986(th) Hospital, The Fourth Military
Medical University, Xi’an 710001, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Haining Wu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School
of
Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yunze Tian
- Department
of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Longhui Fu
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department
of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shouping Gong
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China
- Xi’an
Medical University, Xi’an 710021, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
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