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Jiang J, Duan M, Wang Z, Lai Y, Zhang C, Duan C. RNA epigenetics in pulmonary diseases: Insights into methylation modification of lncRNAs in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116704. [PMID: 38749181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal controllers of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, Methylation, a prominent area of study in epigenetics, significantly impacts cellular processes. Various RNA base methylations, including m6A, m5C, m1A, and 2'-O-methylation, profoundly influence lncRNA folding, interactions, and stability, thereby shaping their functionality. LncRNAs and methylation significantly contribute to tumor development, especially in lung cancer. Their roles encompass cell differentiation, proliferation, the generation of cancer stem cells, and modulation of immune responses. Recent studies have suggested that dysregulation of lncRNA methylation can contribute to lung cancer development. Furthermore, methylation modifications of lncRNAs hold potential for clinical application in lung cancer. Dysregulated lncRNA methylation can promote lung cancer progression and may offer insights into potential biomarker or therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current knowledge of lncRNA methylation in lung cancer and its implications for RNA epigenetics and pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Duan
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 412017, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jiang C, Feng D, Zhang Y, Yang K, Hu X, Xie Q. SCAT8/miR-125b-5p axis triggers malignant progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through SCARB1. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:15. [PMID: 37009875 PMCID: PMC10069050 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis, which severely affects the health of the patients. LncRNAs and microRNAs are crucial for the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which regulate the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the ceRNA network. SCARB1 plays an essential role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of SCARB1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through non-coding RNAs remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the SCAT8/miR-125b-5p axis promoted the malignant progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by driving the expression of SCARB1. Mechanistically, the expression of SCARB1 could be regulated by the lncRNA, SCAT8 and the microRNA, miR-125b-5p. Moreover, as a ceRNA of miR-125b-5p, SCAT8 can not only regulate the expression of SCARB1, but also regulate the malignant progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Notably, our results reveal a novel ceRNA regulatory network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which could serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Jiang
- Department of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Department of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Yan J. LncRNA-XIST Promotes Proliferation and Migration in ox-LDL Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through miR-539-5p/SPP1 Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9911982. [PMID: 35028010 PMCID: PMC8752241 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9911982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are untranslated transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length. Despite not being translated, they play a role in the regulation of transcription, translation, and other cellular processes and have been identified as key regulator in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study focused on the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), which participates in the regulation of X chromosome inactivation. XIST is produced by the XIST gene and is located on human chromosome Xql3.2. We also focused on discovering the possible role and mechanism of lncRNA XIST in oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which could further help evalute its possible a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. XIST was overexpressed in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs, while the expression of miR-539-5p was decreased. XIST knockdown hindered the proliferation and migration of ox-LDL-treated VSMCs. XIST inhibits the miR-539-5p expression through direct interaction. Besides, miR-539-5p inhibitors can partially reverse the effect of XIST depletion on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL stimulation. Further mechanistic analysis showed that secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is the target of miR-539-5p, and XIST acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-539-5p to enhance the expression of SPP1. In addition, miR-539-5p inhibitor exerts its proliferation and migration effects by activating the miR-539-5p/SPP1 axis in VSMCs stimulated by ox-LDL. In conclusion, our study findings show that XIST inhibition can inhibit the proliferation and migration of atherosclerosis vascular smooth muscle cells, which provides a new theoretical basis for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Yu H. HDL and Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SRBI). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:79-93. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Macrophage Long Non-Coding RNAs in Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030028. [PMID: 32664594 PMCID: PMC7549353 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is inextricably linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Macrophages themselves play important roles in atherosclerosis, as well as acute and chronic heart failure. Although the role of macrophages in CVD pathophysiology is well-recognized, little is known regarding the precise mechanisms influencing their function in these contexts. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators of macrophage function; as such, there is rising interest in understanding how these nucleic acids influence macrophage signaling, cell fate decisions, and activity in health and disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding lncRNAs in directing various aspects of macrophage function in CVD. These include foam cell formation, Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NF-kβ signaling, and macrophage phenotype switching. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding concerning previous, ongoing, and future studies of lncRNAs in macrophage functions and their importance in CVD.
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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Alam MBB, Omar AI, Faruque MO, Notter DR, Periasamy K, Mondal MMH, Sarder MJU, Shamsuddin M, Cao J, Du X, Wu Z, Zhao S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes are significantly associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30918657 PMCID: PMC6419443 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemonchosis is a major economic problem in goat production in humid, tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is caused by an abomasal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, which is highly pathogenic in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were associated with fecal egg counts (FEC) and could be used as markers to identify resistance to H. contortus in goats. RESULTS Ten novel variants in the CIITA, ATP2A3, HSPA8, STAT5B, ESYT1, and SERPING1 genes were associated with FEC in goats with a nominal significance level of P < 0.05. Two missense mutation in the exon region of the caprine CIITA gene resulted in replacement of arginine with cysteine at position 9473550 (R9473550C) and aspartic acid with glutamic acid at position 9473870 (D9473870E). Chinese goat breeds had significantly higher FEC than Bangladeshi goat breeds within their respective genotypes. Polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele number (Ne), and heterozygosity (He) were greatest for the STAT5B_197_A > G SNP locus in all goat breeds. Pairwise coefficients of linkage disequilibrium (D´, r 2) revealed complete LD (r 2 = 1) between significant SNP polymorphisms in CIITA and SERPING1 and strong LD (r 2 = 0.93 and 0.98) between polymorphisms in HSPA8 and ATP2A3, respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) between FEC and body weight (BW) was significantly positive (r = 0.56***, P < 0.001) but that between FEC and packed cell volume (PCV) was negatively significant (r = - 0.47**, P < 0.01) in the total population of goats. On the other hand, correlation coefficient (r) between BW and PCV was not significant in total population of goats. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes within ATP2A3, HSPA8, and SERPING1 were significantly associated with FEC. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the relative expression of mRNA was higher (P < 0.001) for resistant, compared to susceptible, groups of goats for all candidate genes except CIITA. CONCLUSIONS This study identified SNP markers that can potentially be used in marker-assisted selection programs to develop goat breeds that are resistant to H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Bilkis Bintee Alam
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Ibne Omar
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Md. Omar Faruque
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - David Russell Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Kathiravan Periasamy
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Join FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shamsuddin
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Join FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jianhua Cao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Wu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren Univesity, Tongren, Guizhou 554300 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Y Small
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-008 Anny 12, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Luo W, He Y, Ding F, Nie X, Li XL, Song HL, Li GX. Study on the levels of glycosylated lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22650. [PMID: 30101436 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main risk factors for atherosclerosis patients are not fully explicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of blood lipid and glycosylated lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis and healthy individuals and to study the relationship between the glycosylated lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. METHODS The study involved 200 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction caused by coronary atherosclerosis as case group and 230 healthy individuals as control group. We analyzed and contrasted the levels of blood lipid and glycosylated lipoprotein between the different groups. In addition, we investigated the correlation between glycosylated low-density lipoprotein (G-LDL) and glucose levels. RESULTS There is no statistical difference between the level of TG in case group and control group. The level of CHOL, HDL-C, and LDL-C in case group is significantly lower than that in control group (3.90 [3.23, 4.42] vs 5.16 [4.86, 5.77] [mmol/L]; 1.09 [0.83, 1.38] vs 1.46 [1.15, 1.80] [mmol/L]; 2.22 [1.68, 2.81] vs 2.95 [2.60, 3.27] [mmol/L]) (P < 0.05). The level of GLU, HbA1c, G-HDL, and G-LDL in case group is significantly higher than that in control group (7.10 [5.68, 9.27] vs 4.84 [4.68, 5.07] [mmol/L]; 6.8 [6.3, 7.4] vs 5.9 [5.6, 6.1] [%]; 30.08 [25.04, 40.17] vs 22.95 [18.14, 27.06] [ng/mL], 6.26 [4.95, 7.50] vs 3.61 [2.66, 5.15] [ng/mL]) (p < 0.05). The level of G-LDL in patients with coronary atherosclerosis was relevant with the level of GLU and HbA1c (r = 0.625, 0.706, P < 0.05), and there was no relevance with LDL-C (r = 0.331, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperlipidemia is not an important cause of coronary atherosclerosis. High glucose levels and glycosylated lipoprotein are of high importance in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Lan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui-Xing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Tong KL, Mahmood Zuhdi AS, Wan Ahmad WA, Vanhoutte PM, de Magalhaes JP, Mustafa MR, Wong PF. Circulating MicroRNAs in Young Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051467. [PMID: 29762500 PMCID: PMC5983847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great potential as novel diagnostic markers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study sought to identify plasma miRNAs that are differentially expressed in young ACS patients (mean age of 38.5 ± 4.3 years) and evaluate their diagnostic potentials. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) was used to profile plasma miRNAs. Discriminatory power of the miRNAs was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Thirteen up-regulated and 16 down-regulated miRNAs were identified in young ACS patients. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation showed miR-183-5p was significantly up-regulated (8-fold) in ACS patients with non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) whereas miR-134-5p, miR-15a-5p, and let-7i-5p were significantly down-regulated (5-fold, 7-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively) in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), compared to the healthy controls. MiR-183-5p had a high discriminatory power to differentiate NSTEMI patients from healthy controls (area under the curve (AUC) of ROC = 0.917). The discriminatory power for STEMI patients was highest with let-7i-5p (AUC = 0.833) followed by miR-134-5p and miR-15a-5p and this further improved (AUC = 0.935) with the three miRNAs combination. Plasma miR-183-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-15a-5p and let-7i-5p are deregulated in STEMI and NSTEMI and could be potentially used to discriminate the two ACS forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kind-Leng Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Ma C, Zhang W, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu L, Feng K, Zhang X, Yang S, Sun L, Yu M, Yang J, Li X, Hu W, Miao RQ, Zhu Y, Li L, Han J, Chen Y, Duan Y. Functional interplay between liver X receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase α inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice - a new anti-atherogenic strategy. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1486-1503. [PMID: 29394501 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T317 reduces atherosclerosis but induces fatty liver. Metformin activates energy metabolism by activating AMPKα. In this study, we determined if interactions between metformin and T317 could inhibit atherosclerosis without activation of hepatic lipogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with T317, metformin or both agents, in a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Then, samples of aorta, liver, macrophage and serum were collected to determine atherosclerotic lesions, fatty liver, lipid profiles and expression of related proteins. Techniques used included immunohistochemistry, histology, qRT-PCR and Western blot. KEY RESULTS T317 inhibited en face and aortic root sinus lesions, and the inhibition was further enhanced by addition of metformin. Co-treatment with metformin and T317 increased lesion stability, by increasing collagen content, and reducing necrotic cores and calcification. Formation of macrophages/foam cells and their accumulation in arterial wall were inhibited by the co-treatment, which was accompanied by increased ABCA1/ABCG1 expression, reduced monocyte adhesion and apparent local proliferation of macrophages. Metformin blocked T317-induced fatty liver by inhibiting T317-induced hepatic LXRα nuclear translocation and expression of lipogenic genes and by activating AMPKα. Moreover, co-treatment with T317 and metformin improved triglyceride metabolism by inducing expression of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, PPARα and carnitine acetyltransferase and by inhibiting acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Co-treatment with T317 and metformin inhibited the development of atherosclerosis without activation of lipogenesis, suggesting that combined treatment with T317 and metformin may be a novel approach to inhibition of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Q Miao
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Vandevelde W, Sipido KR. Virtual issue: focus on cardiovascular protection. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 111:125-7. [PMID: 27402319 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Vandevelde
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Experimental Cardiology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N1 704, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Experimental Cardiology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N1 704, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1153-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Augé N, Camaré C, Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Salvayre R. Dual signaling evoked by oxidized LDLs in vascular cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:118-133. [PMID: 28189852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative theory of atherosclerosis relies on the modification of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the vascular wall by reactive oxygen species. Modified LDLs, such as oxidized LDLs, are thought to participate in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions (accumulation of foam cells and fatty streaks), whereas their role in advanced lesions and atherothrombotic events is more debated, because antioxidant supplementation failed to prevent coronary disease events and mortality in intervention randomized trials. As oxidized LDLs and oxidized lipids are present in atherosclerotic lesions and are able to trigger cell signaling on cultured vascular cells and macrophages, it has been proposed that they could play a role in atherogenesis and atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. Oxidized LDLs exhibit dual biological effects, which are dependent on extent of lipid peroxidation, nature of oxidized lipids (oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, malondialdehyde, α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals), concentration of oxidized LDLs and uptake by scavenger receptors (e.g. CD36, LOX-1, SRA) that signal through different transduction pathways. Moderate concentrations of mildly oxidized LDLs are proinflammatory and trigger cell migration and proliferation, whereas higher concentrations induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The balance between survival and apoptotic responses evoked by oxidized LDLs depends on cellular systems that regulate the cell fate, such as ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and expression of pro/antiapoptotic proteins. In vivo, the intimal concentration of oxidized LDLs depends on the influx (hypercholesterolemia, endothelial permeability), residence time and lipid composition of LDLs, oxidative stress intensity, induction of defense mechanisms (antioxidant systems, heat shock proteins). As a consequence, the local cellular responses to oxidized LDLs may stimulate inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways, angiogenic or antiangiogenic responses, survival or apoptosis, thereby contributing to plaque growth, instability, complication (intraplaque hemorrhage, proteolysis, calcification, apoptosis) and rupture. Finally, these dual properties suggest that oxLDLs could be implicated at each step of atherosclerosis development, from early fatty streaks to advanced lesions, depending on the nature and concentration of their oxidized lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Fang J, Little PJ, Xu S. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Targets of Tanshinones Derived From Herbal Medicine Danshen. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:201-228. [PMID: 28295428 DOI: 10.1002/med.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate multiple therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), rendering herb-derived phytochemicals effective against one of the major CVDs-atherosclerosis. Danshen (Salvia milthiorriza Bunge) is a Chinese medicine that has been used in cardio- and cerebro-vascular therapeutic remedies in Asian countries for many years. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies suggests that major lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen can treat atherosclerotic CVDs. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tanshinones in treating atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to chronic inflammation. We also overview new molecular targets of tanshinones, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase, ABC transporter A1, heme oxygenase 1, soluble epoxide hydrolase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estrogen receptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Thus, this review provides a new perspective for advancing our understanding of the "ancient" herb Danshen from "modern" biomedical perspectives, supporting the possibility of exploiting tanshinones and derivatives as effective therapeutics against atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital,Southern Medical University, 48 Xinhua Road, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642
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18
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Stiebing C, Schmölz L, Wallert M, Matthäus C, Lorkowski S, Popp J. Raman imaging of macrophages incubated with triglyceride-enriched oxLDL visualizes translocation of lipids between endocytic vesicles and lipid droplets. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:876-883. [PMID: 28143895 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopic imaging was used to investigate the uptake of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) by human macrophages. To better understand the endocytic pathway and the intracellular fate of modified lipoproteins is of foremost interest with regard to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. To obtain information on the storage process of lipids caused by oxLDL uptake, Raman spectroscopic imaging was used because of its unique chemical specificity, especially for lipids. For the present study, a protocol was established to incorporate deuterated tripalmitate into oxLDL. Subsequently, human THP-1 macrophages were incubated for different time points and their chemical composition was analyzed using Raman spectroscopic imaging. β-Carotene was found to be a reliable marker molecule for the uptake of lipoproteins into macrophages. In addition, lipoprotein administration led to small endocytic vesicles with different concentrations of deuterated lipids within the cells. For the first time, the translocation of deuterated lipids from endocytic vesicles into lipid droplets over time is reported in mature human THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmölz
- Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian Matthäus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany .,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Duggal B, Gupta MK, Naga Prasad SV. Potential Role of microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Are They up to Their Hype? Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:304-310. [PMID: 26926293 PMCID: PMC5304257 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160301120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases remain the foremost cause of mortality globally. As molecular medicine unravels the alterations in genomic expression and regulation of the underlying atherosclerotic process, it opens new vistas for discovering novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics for limiting the disease process. miRNAs have emerged as powerful regulators of protein translation by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. RECENT FINDINGS Overexpression and under-expression of specific miRNAs are being evaluated as a novel approach to diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on the current knowledge of the miRNA evaluated in cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In this review we summarize the data, including the more recent data, regarding miRNAs in cardiovascular disease and their potential role in future in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Duggal
- Department of Cardiology, 4th floor, Main Building, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, 400008, India.
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20
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Navickas R, Gal D, Laucevičius A, Taparauskaitė A, Zdanytė M, Holvoet P. Identifying circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:322-37. [PMID: 27357636 PMCID: PMC4996262 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to identify microRNAs (miRs) with high potential to be used as biomarkers in plasma and/or serum to clinically diagnose, or provide accurate prognosis for survival in, patients with atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A systematic search of published original research yielded a total of 72 studies. After review of the risk of bias of the published studies, according to Cochrane Collaboration and the QUADUAS Group standards, 19 studies were selected. Overall 52 different miRs were reported. In particular, miR-133a/b (5 studies), miR-208a/b (6 studies), and miR-499 (7 studies) were well studied and found to be significant diagnostic and/or prognostic markers across different cardiovascular disease progression stages. miR-1 and miR-145b are potential biomarkers of ACS; miR-1 with higher sensitivity for all acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and miR-145 for STEMI and worse outcome of AMI. But when miRs were studied across different ACS study populations, patients had varying degrees of coronary stenosis, which was identified as an important confounder that limited the ability to quantitatively pool the study results. The identified miRs were found to regulate endothelial function and angiogenesis (miR-1, miR-133), vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation (miR-133, miR-145), communication between vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell to stabilize plaques (miR-145), apoptosis (miR-1, miR-133, miR-499), cardiac myocyte differentiation (miR-1, miR-133, miR-145, miR-208, miR-499), and to repress cardiac hypertrophy (miR-133). Their role in these processes may be explained by regulation of shared RNA targets such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (or p21), ETS proto-oncogene 1, fascin actin-bundling protein 1, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor LIM and SH3 protein 1, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and transgelin 2. These mechanistic data further support the clinical relevance of the identified miRs. miR-1, miR-133a/b, miR-145, miR-208a/b, and miR-499(a) in plasma and/or serum show some potential for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, biased selection of miRs in most studies and unexplained contrasting results are major limitations of current miR research. Inconsistencies need to be addressed in order to definitively identify clinically useful miRs. Therefore, this paper presents important aspects to improve future miR research, including unbiased selection of miRs, standardization/normalization of reference miRs, adjustment for patient comorbidities and medication, and robust protocols of data-sharing plans that could prevent selective publication and selective reporting of miR research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Navickas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diane Gal
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Paul Holvoet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. In the past, atherosclerosis was considered to be the result of passive lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. However, today's picture of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much more complex, with a key role for immune cells and inflammation in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, especially elevated (modified) LDL levels. Knowledge on immune cells and immune responses in atherosclerosis has progressed tremendously over the past decades, and the same is true for the role of lipid metabolism and the different lipid components. However, it is largely unknown how lipids and the immune system interact. In this review, we will describe the effect of lipids on immune cell development and function, and the effects of immune cells on lipid metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, novel data have emerged that show that immune cells are affected, and behave differently in a hyperlipidemic environment. Moreover, immune cells have reported to be able to affect lipid metabolism. SUMMARY In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on the interactions between lipids and the immune system, and we will discuss the potential consequences of these novel insights for future therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schaftenaar
- aDivision of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden bDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands cInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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