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Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Schlicker E, Weresa J, Malinowska B. Re-evaluation of the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382995. [PMID: 38873412 PMCID: PMC11170160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality, represents a major challenge for the development of drug-based strategies to improve its prognosis. Results of pre-clinical studies suggest that agonists of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and multitarget cannabidiol might be potential cardioprotective strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of our study was to re-evaluate the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria published recently by the European Union (EU) CARDIOPROTECTION COST ACTION. To meet the minimum criteria of those guidelines, experiments should be performed (i) on healthy small animals subjected to ischemia with reperfusion lasting for at least 2 hours and (ii) confirmed in small animals with comorbidities and co-medications and (iii) in large animals. Our analysis revealed that the publications regarding cardioprotective effects of CB2 receptor agonists and cannabidiol did not meet all three strict steps of IMPACT. Thus, additional experiments are needed to confirm the cardioprotective activities of (endo)cannabinoids mainly on small animals with comorbidities and on large animals. Moreover, our publication underlines the significance of the IMPACT criteria for a proper planning of preclinical experiments regarding cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jolanta Weresa
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Nakamura M. Lipotoxicity as a therapeutic target in obesity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12568. [PMID: 38706718 PMCID: PMC11066298 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy sources of fats, ultra-processed foods with added sugars, and a sedentary lifestyle make humans more susceptible to developing overweight and obesity. While lipids constitute an integral component of the organism, excessive and abnormal lipid accumulation that exceeds the storage capacity of lipid droplets disrupts the intracellular composition of fatty acids and results in the release of deleterious lipid species, thereby giving rise to a pathological state termed lipotoxicity. This condition induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and cell death. Recent advances in omics technologies and analytical methodologies and clinical research have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of lipotoxicity, including gut dysbiosis, epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications, dysfunction of lipid droplets, post-translational modifications, and altered membrane lipid composition. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the development of lipotoxicity and lipotoxic cardiometabolic disease in obesity, with a particular focus on lipotoxic and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, United States
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Roytrakul S, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Charoenlappanit S, Thaisakun S, Surachetpong SD. Proteomic analysis of the serum in dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease: the preliminary study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1327453. [PMID: 38596466 PMCID: PMC11002142 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1327453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), characterized by elevated blood pressure in pulmonary artery. Echocardiography is a reliable technique for PH diagnosis in veterinary medicine. However, it is limited to use as an early detection method. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has found extensive application in the discovery of serum protein biomarkers for various diseases. The objective of this study was to identify serum proteins in healthy control dogs and MMVD dogs both with and without PH using LC-MS/MS. Materials and methods In this research, a total of 81 small-breed dogs participated, and they were categorized into three groups: the control (n = 28), MMVD (n = 24) and MMVD+PH (n = 29) groups. Serum samples were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results Differentially expressed proteins were identified, and the upregulated and downregulated proteins in MMVD+PH group including Myomesin 1 (MYOM1) and Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7), Pleckstrin homology domain containing M3 (PLEKHM3), Diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLA) and Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 6 (TTLL6) were selected as proteins of interest in MMVD dogs with PH. Conclusion Different types of proteins have been identified in healthy dogs and MMVD dogs with and without PH. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential of these proteins as biomarkers for PH in dogs with MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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More SA, Deore RS, Pawar HD, Sharma C, Nakhate KT, Rathod SS, Ojha S, Goyal SN. CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor as a Potential Target in Myocardial Infarction: Exploration of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1683. [PMID: 38338960 PMCID: PMC10855244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for several inflammatory and tissue-damaging diseases, including those affecting the cardiovascular system. The primary targets of cannabinoids are cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors. The CB2 receptor is expressed in the cardiomyocytes. While the pathological changes in the myocardium upregulate the CB2 receptor, genetic deletion of the receptor aggravates the changes. The CB2 receptor plays a crucial role in attenuating the advancement of myocardial infarction (MI)-associated pathological changes in the myocardium. Activation of CB2 receptors exerts cardioprotection in MI via numerous molecular pathways. For instance, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuated the progression of MI via modulation of the CB2 receptor-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Through similar mechanisms, natural and synthetic CB2 receptor ligands repair myocardial tissue damage. This review aims to offer an in-depth discussion on the ameliorative potential of CB2 receptors in myocardial injuries induced by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. Further, the modulation of autophagy, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, MPTP opening, and ROS production are discussed. The molecular correlation of CB2 receptors with cardiac injury markers, such as troponin I, LDH1, and CK-MB, is explored. Special attention has been paid to novel insights into the potential therapeutic implications of CB2 receptor activation in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar A. More
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Rucha S. Deore
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Harshal D. Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Sumit S. Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
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Wang A, Guan B, Zhang H, Xu H. Danger-associated metabolites trigger metaflammation: A crowbar in cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106983. [PMID: 37931790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are characterized by a series of metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. CMDs contribute to a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Host-microbial metabolic regulation that triggers metaflammation is an emerging field of study that promotes a new perspective for perceiving cardiovascular risks. The term metaflammation denotes the entire cascade of immune responses activated by a new class of metabolites known as "danger-associated metabolites" (DAMs). It is being proposed by the present review for the first time. We summarize current studies covering bench to bedside aspects of DAMs to better understand CMDs in the context of DAMs. We have focused on the involvement of DAMs in the pathophysiological development of CMDs, including the disruption of immune homeostasis and chronic inflammation-triggered damage leading to CMD-related adverse events, as well as emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting DAM metabolism in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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Rorabaugh BR, Guindon J, Morgan DJ. Role of Cannabinoid Signaling in Cardiovascular Function and Ischemic Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:265-276. [PMID: 37739804 PMCID: PMC10658922 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of death, morbidity, and societal economic burden. The prevalence of cannabis use has significantly increased due to legalization and an increased societal acceptance of cannabis. Therefore, it is critically important that we gain a greater understanding of the effects and risks of cannabinoid use on cardiovascular diseases as well as the potential for cannabinoid-directed drugs to be used as therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of cannabinoid receptors in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia and explores their use as therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Endocannabinoids are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, and activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) generally leads to an enhancement of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. In contrast, selective activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) appears to exert protective effects against atherosclerosis. Endocannabinoid signaling is also activated by myocardial ischemia. CB2R signaling appears to protect the heart from ischemic injury, whereas the role of CB1R in ischemic injury is less clear. This narrative review serves to summarize current research on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular function with the goal of identifying critical knowledge gaps and future studies to address those gaps in a way that facilitates the development of new treatments and better cardiovascular health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, are a leading cause of death. Cannabinoid drugs have well known acute effects on cardiovascular function, including tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. The recent legalization of marijuana and cannabinoids for both medical and recreational use has dramatically increased their prevalence of use. This narrative review on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular disease contributes to a better understanding of this topic by integrating current knowledge and identifying critical gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
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Miao M, Cao S, Tian Y, Liu D, Chen L, Chai Q, Wei M, Sun S, Wang L, Xin S, Liu G, Zheng M. Potential diagnostic biomarkers: 6 cuproptosis- and ferroptosis-related genes linking immune infiltration in acute myocardial infarction. Genes Immun 2023; 24:159-170. [PMID: 37422588 PMCID: PMC10435388 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The current diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), troponins, lack specificity and exist as false positives in other non-cardiac diseases. Previous studies revealed that cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and immune infiltration are all involved in the development of AMI. We hypothesize that combining the analysis of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and immune infiltration in AMI will help identify more precise diagnostic biomarkers. The results showed that a total of 19 cuproptosis- and ferroptosis-related genes (CFRGs) were differentially expressed between the healthy and AMI groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differential CFRGs were mostly enriched in biological processes related to oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The immune infiltration status analyzed by ssGSEA found elevated levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and CCR in AMI. Then, we screened 6 immune-related CFRGs (CXCL2, DDIT3, DUSP1, CDKN1A, TLR4, STAT3) to construct a nomogram for predicting AMI and validated it in the GSE109048 dataset. Moreover, we also identified 5 pivotal miRNAs and 10 candidate drugs that target the 6 feature genes. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis verified that all 6 feature genes were upregulated in both animals and patients. In conclusion, our study reveals the significance of immune-related CFRGs in AMI and provides new insights for AMI diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Shanhu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yifei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiaoying Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Shuanli Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Sun H, Kong X, Wei K, Hao J, Xi Y, Meng L, Li G, Lv X, Zou X, Gu X. Risk prediction model construction for post myocardial infarction heart failure by blood immune B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163350. [PMID: 37287974 PMCID: PMC10242647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiac condition with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive medical treatment for MI, the development and outcomes of post-MI heart failure (HF) continue to be major factors contributing to poor post-MI prognosis. Currently, there are few predictors of post-MI heart failure. Methods In this study, we re-examined single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing datasets derived from the peripheral blood samples of patients with myocardial infarction, including patients who developed heart failure and those who did not develop heart failure after myocardial infarction. Using marker genes of the relevant cell subtypes, a signature was generated and validated using relevant bulk datasets and human blood samples. Results We identified a subtype of immune-activated B cells that distinguished post-MI HF patients from non-HF patients. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm these findings in independent cohorts. By combining the specific marker genes of B cell subtypes, we developed a prediction model of 13 markers that can predict the risk of HF in patients after myocardial infarction, providing new ideas and tools for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion Sub-cluster B cells may play a significant role in post-MI HF. We found that the STING1, HSPB1, CCL5, ACTN1, and ITGB2 genes in patients with post-MI HF showed the same trend of increase as those without post-MI HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- HouRong Sun
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - XiangJin Kong
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - KaiMing Wei
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - LingWei Meng
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - GuanNan Li
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Jinshan Hospital Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - XingHua Gu
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen C. Inhibiting degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108394. [PMID: 36966972 PMCID: PMC10123871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid signaling mediators that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid and is a full agonist of G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), which are targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. While 2-AG has been well recognized as a retrograde messenger modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity at both inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the brain, growing evidence suggests that 2-AG also functions as an endogenous terminator of neuroinflammation in response to harmful insults, thus maintaining brain homeostasis. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme that degrades 2-AG in the brain. The immediate metabolite of 2-AG is arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes. Several lines of evidence indicate that pharmacological or genetic inactivation of MAGL, which boosts 2-AG levels and reduces its hydrolytic metabolites, resolves neuroinflammation, mitigates neuropathology, and improves synaptic and cognitive functions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neurodegenerative disease. Thus, it has been proposed that MAGL is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As the main enzyme hydrolyzing 2-AG, several MAGL inhibitors have been identified and developed. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which inactivation of MAGL produces neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases remains limited. A recent finding that inhibition of 2-AG metabolism in astrocytes, but not in neurons, protects the brain from TBI-induced neuropathology might shed some light on this unsolved issue. This review provides an overview of MAGL as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and discusses possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of restraining degradation of 2-AG in the brain.
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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
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11
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Onódi Z, Koch S, Rubinstein J, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Drug repurposing for cardiovascular diseases: New targets and indications for probenecid. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:685-700. [PMID: 36484549 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The available pharmacological options in the management of cardiovascular diseases such as ischaemic heart disease and subsequent heart failure are effective in slowing the progression of this condition. However, the long-term prognosis is still poor, raising the demand for new therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing is a time- and cost-effective drug development strategy that offers approved and abandoned drugs a new chance for new indications. Recently, drugs used for the management of gout-related inflammation such as canakinumab or colchicine have been considered for drug repurposing in cardiovascular indications. The old uricosuric drug, probenecid, has been identified as a novel therapeutic option in the management of specific cardiac diseases as well. Probenecid can modulate myocardial contractility and vascular tone and exerts anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanisms behind these beneficial effects might be related inhibition of inflammasomes, and to modulation purinergic-pannexin-1 signalling and TRPV2 channels, which are recently identified molecular targets of probenecid. In this review, we provide an overview on repurposing probenecid for ischaemic heart disease and subsequent heart failure by summarizing the related experimental and clinical data and propose its potential repurposing to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sheryl Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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The monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, JZL184, has comparable effects to therapeutic hypothermia, attenuating global cerebral injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Cardiovascular Disease: Angel or Demon? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022:10.1007/s10557-022-07393-1. [PMID: 36279082 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Why Multitarget Vasodilatory (Endo)cannabinoids are Not Effective as Antihypertensive Compounds after Chronic Administration: Comparison of Their Effects on Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091119. [PMID: 36145339 PMCID: PMC9503677 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory properties, have been proposed as possible drugs for different types of hypertension. Unfortunately, our review, in which we summarized all publications found in the PubMed database regarding chronic administration of (endo)cannabinoids in experimental models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, does not confirm any encouraging suggestions, being based mainly on in vitro and acute in vivo experiments. We considered vasodilator or blood pressure (BP) responses and cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, and the anti-inflammatory effects of particular compounds and their influence on the endocannabinoid system. We found that multitarget (endo)cannabinoids failed to modify higher BP in systemic hypertension since they induced responses leading to decreased and increased BP. In contrast, multitarget cannabidiol and monotarget ligands effectively treated pulmonary and systemic hypertension, respectively. To summarize, based on the available literature, only (endo)cannabinoids with a defined site of action are recommended as potential antihypertensive compounds in systemic hypertension, whereas both mono- and multitarget compounds may be effective in pulmonary hypertension.
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15
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Tang X, Liu Z, Li X, Wang J, Li L. Cannabinoid Receptors in Myocardial Injury: A Brother Born to Rival. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136886. [PMID: 34206926 PMCID: PMC8268439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors typically include type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), and they have attracted extensive attention in the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system. Due to more in-depth studies in recent years, it has been found that the typical CB1 and CB2 receptors confer functional importance far beyond the CNS and immune system. In particular, many works have reported the critical involvement of the CB1 and CB2 receptors in myocardial injuries. Both pharmacological and genetic approaches have been used for studying CB1 and CB2 functions in these studies, revealing that the brother receptors have many basic differences and sometimes antagonistic functions in a variety of myocardial injuries, despite some sequence or location identity they share. Herein, we introduce the general differences of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, and summarize the functional rivalries between the two brother receptors in the setting of myocardial injuries. We point out the importance of individual receptor-based modulation, instead of dual receptor modulators, when treating myocardial injuries.
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16
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Demir Çaltekin M, Özkut MM, Çaltekin İ, Kaymak E, Çakır M, Kara M, Yalvaç ES. The protective effect of JZL184 on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury and ovarian reserve in rats. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2692-2704. [PMID: 34008304 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ovarian torsion is a gynecopathology that requires emergency surgery in women. However, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs after treatment with detorsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 on ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve. METHODS Forty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Ischemia, Group 3: ischemia/reperfusion (IR), Group 4: IR + JZL184 4 mg/kg, Group 5: IR + JZL184 16 mg/kg, Group 6: IR + vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide). Three hours of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Two different doses of JZL184 (4 and 16 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally in Group 4 and 5, 30 min before reperfusion. Ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve were evaluated in serum and tissue by using histopathological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS Treatment with JZL184 was associated with a significant increase in ovarian 2-arachidonoylglycerol and improved serum anti-Mullerian hormone, İnhibin B, primordial follicle count, and ovarian histopathological damage score (p < 0.05). JZL184 treatment significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05). The increased phosphorile nuclear factor-κB (Phospho-NF-κB-p65), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and TUNEL assay immunopositivity scores in ovarian I/R injury were decreased after treatment with JZL184 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS JZL184 showed significant ameliorative effects on ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve caused by IR through acting as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent. Thus, JZL184 may be a novel therapeutic agent for ovarian IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Demir Çaltekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mahmud Mustafa Özkut
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Çaltekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Murat Çakır
- Department of Physiology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ethem Serdar Yalvaç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
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17
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Pluijmert NJ, Atsma DE, Quax PHA. Post-ischemic Myocardial Inflammatory Response: A Complex and Dynamic Process Susceptible to Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647785. [PMID: 33996944 PMCID: PMC8113407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial ischemia and implementing first-line treatment involving rapid reperfusion, a dynamic and balanced inflammatory response is initiated to repair and remove damaged cells. Paradoxically, restoration of myocardial blood flow exacerbates cell damage as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, which eventually provokes accelerated apoptosis. In the end, the infarct size still corresponds to the subsequent risk of developing heart failure. Therefore, true understanding of the mechanisms regarding MI-R injury, and its contribution to cell damage and cell death, are of the utmost importance in the search for successful therapeutic interventions to finally prevent the onset of heart failure. This review focuses on the role of innate immunity, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in all three overlapping phases following experimental, mainly murine, MI-R injury known as the inflammatory, reparative, and maturation phase. It provides a complete state-of-the-art overview including most current research of all post-ischemic processes and phases and additionally summarizes the use of immunomodulatory therapies translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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2-arachidonoylglycerol might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2021; 332:162. [PMID: 33811959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Navarrete C, Garcia-Martin A, DeMesa J, Muñoz E. Cannabinoids in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiac Fibrosis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:98. [PMID: 33089434 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides a concise overview of how cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past few years, the ECS has emerged as a pivotal component of the homeostatic mechanisms for the regulation of many bodily functions, including inflammation, digestion, and energy metabolism. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the ECS by cannabinoids represents a novel strategy for the management of many diseases. Specifically, increasing evidence from preclinical research studies has opened new avenues for the development of cannabinoid-based therapies for the management and potential treatment of MetS and cardiovascular diseases. Current information indicates that modulation of the ECS can help maintain overall health and well-being due to its homeostatic function. From a therapeutic perspective, cannabinoids and the ECS have also been shown to play a key role in modulating pathophysiological states such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer and pain. Thus, targeting and modulating the ECS with cannabinoids or cannabinoid derivatives may represent a major disease-modifying medical advancement to achieve successful treatment for MetS and certain cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim DeMesa
- Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.
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20
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Lusini M, Nenna A, Chello M. Endocannabinoid system: A new player in the percutaneous and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease? Int J Cardiol 2020; 322:211-212. [PMID: 32861715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lusini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Tardelli M. Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms lipid precursors signaling in liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3577-3585. [PMID: 32742127 PMCID: PMC7366061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oversupply of triglycerides represent the hallmark of obesity and connected complications in the liver such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which eventually progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Monoacylglycerol lipase is the last enzymatic step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, generating glycerol and fatty acids (FAs), which are signaling precursors in physiology and disease. Notably, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) also hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a potent ligand within the endocannabinoid system, into arachidonic acid - a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis; thus representing a pivotal substrates provider in multiple organs for several intersecting biological pathways ranging from FA metabolism to inflammation, pain and appetite. MGL inhibition has been shown protective in limiting several liver diseases as FAs may drive hepatocyte injury, fibrogenesis and de- activate immune cells, however the complexity of MGL network system still needs further and deeper understanding. The present review will focus on MGL function and FA partitioning in the horizons of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
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22
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Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Proteomic Analysis of Myocardia Containing the Obscurin R4344Q Mutation Linked to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:478. [PMID: 32528308 PMCID: PMC7247546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obscurin is a giant cytoskeletal protein with structural and regulatory roles encoded by the OBSCN gene. Recently, mutations in OBSCN were associated with the development of different forms of cardiomyopathies, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We previously reported that homozygous mice carrying the HCM-linked R4344Q obscurin mutation develop arrhythmia by 1-year of age under sedentary conditions characterized by increased heart rate, frequent incidents of premature ventricular contractions, and episodes of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. In an effort to delineate the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the observed arrhythmic phenotype, we subjected protein lysates prepared from left ventricles of 1-year old R4344Q and wild-type mice to comparative proteomics analysis using tandem mass spectrometry; raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017314. We found that the expression levels of proteins involved in cardiac function and disease, cytoskeletal organization, electropotential regulation, molecular transport and metabolism were significantly altered. Moreover, phospho-proteomic evaluation revealed changes in the phosphorylation profile of Ca2+ cycling proteins, including sAnk1.5, a major binding partner of obscurin localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum; notably, this is the first report indicating that sAnk1 undergoes phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings implicate obscurin in diverse cellular processes within the myocardium, which is consistent with its multiple binding partners, localization in different subcellular compartments, and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen R Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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23
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Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
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24
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Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A, Haemmerle G, Zechner R. The Role of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Cytosolic Lipolysis in Cardiac Function and Heart Failure. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 33205054 PMCID: PMC7659492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. New therapeutic concepts are urgently required to lower the burden of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the two major forms of heart failure. Lipolytic processes are induced during the development of heart failure and occur in adipose tissue and multiple organs, including the heart. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular lipolysis, in particular, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, has an important function in cardiac (patho)physiology. This review summarizes the crucial role of cellular lipolysis for normal cardiac function and for the development of HFrEF and HFpEF. We discuss the most relevant pre-clinical studies and elaborate on the cardiac consequences of non-myocardial and myocardial lipolysis modulation. Finally, we critically analyze the therapeutic importance of pharmacological ATGL inhibition as a potential treatment option for HFrEF and/or HFpEF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kintscher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Einstein BIH Visiting Fellow, Berlin Institute of Health, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Fails to Diminish Blood Pressure in Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension Despite Its Effects on Cardiac and Plasma Endocannabinoid System, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041295. [PMID: 32075117 PMCID: PMC7072941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in spontaneously (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was connected with increases in cardiac and plasma markers of lipid peroxidation in both models, whereas cardiac endocannabinoid levels decreased in SHR and increased in DOCA-salt. CBD (10 mg/kg once a day for 2 weeks) did not modify BP and HR in hypertension but counteracted pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, it decreased cardiac or plasma levels of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and oleoyl ethanolamide in DOCA-salt and inhibited the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in both models. In the respective normotensive control rats, CBD increased lipid peroxidation, free fatty acid levels and FAAH activity. In conclusion, chronic CBD administration does not possess antihypertensive activity in a model of primary and secondary (DOCA-salt) hypertension, despite its antioxidant effect. The latter may be direct rather than based on the endocannabinoid system. The unexpected CBD-related increase in lipid peroxidation in normotensive controls may lead to untoward effects; thus, caution should be kept if CBD is used therapeutically.
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Beguier F, Epelman S. Endocannabinoid signalling: bone marrow monocytes and neutrophils follow their nose into ischaemic tissue. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:482-484. [PMID: 30629130 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Beguier
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
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27
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van Esbroeck ACM, Varga ZV, Di X, van Rooden EJ, Tóth VE, Onódi Z, Kuśmierczyk M, Leszek P, Ferdinandy P, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M, Pacher P. Activity-based protein profiling of the human failing ischemic heart reveals alterations in hydrolase activities involving the endocannabinoid system. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104578. [PMID: 31794870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute myocardial infarction and subsequent post-infarction heart failure are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular disease, however the role of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes in heart failure is still elusive. Herein, we investigated the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR, targeted lipidomics, and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) enabled assessment of the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. Based on lipidomic analysis, two subgroups were identified within the ischemic heart failure group; the first similar to control hearts and the second with decreased levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and drastically increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and free fatty acids. The altered lipid profile was accompanied by strong reductions in the activity of 13 hydrolases, including the 2-AG hydrolytic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the presence of different biological states within the ischemic heart failure group, based on alterations in the lipid and hydrolase activity profiles. In addition, this study demonstrates that ABPP is a valuable tool to rapidly analyze enzyme activity in clinical samples with potential for novel drug and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot C M van Esbroeck
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Eva J van Rooden
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Viktória E Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariusz Kuśmierczyk
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA.
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Cannabinoid receptor 2 deletion deteriorates myocardial infarction through the down-regulation of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling-mediated autophagy. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180650. [PMID: 30923227 PMCID: PMC6487266 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tried to investigate its potential mechanisms. The ratio of infarct size in heart issue was detected by TTC staining, and cardiac functions were calculated according to echocardiographic evaluation. Cell viability in cardiomyocytes was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Western blot was used to detect autophagy-related proteins including Beclin-1, LC3, p62, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin rabbit (mTOR)-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling-related proteins including AMPK, mTOR, p70S6K, and their phosphorylation formation. Rapamycin was used for the induction of autophagy. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were detected for analyzing apoptosis. TEM was used for the detection of autophagosomes. We found that CB2R deletion (CB2R KO) largely deteriorated the severity of MI and the cardiac function as well as cell viability of cardiomyocytes. Knocking out CB2R decreased the level of autophagy in heart issues from MI mice as well as cardiomyocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, CB2R dysfunction significantly attenuated the cardiac protective effects of rapamycin both in vivo and in vitro Finally, we found that CB2R-mediated autophagy was induced by AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway. Our current study demonstrated for the first time that CB2R deletion led to a detrimental effect of MI through the dysfunction of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway, which might provide a novel insight in the treatment of MI.
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Puhl SL. Cannabinoid-sensitive receptors in cardiac physiology and ischaemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118462. [PMID: 30890410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classical cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 as well as the cannabinoid-sensitive receptor GPR55 are widely distributed throughout the mammalian body. In the cardiovascular field, CB1 and CB2 crucially impact on diseases characterized by inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. Both receptors and their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are up-regulated in the ischaemic heart in humans and animal models. Pharmacological and genetic interventions with CB1 and CB2 vitally affect acute ischaemia-induced cardiac inflammation. Herein, CB1 rather aggravates the inflammatory response whereas CB2 mitigates inflammation via directly affecting immune cell attraction, macrophage polarization and lymphocyte clusters in the pericardial adipose tissue. Furthermore, cannabinoids and their receptors affect numerous cardiac risk factors. In this context, cannabis consumption is debated to trigger arrhythmias and even myocardial infarction. Moreover, CB1 activation is linked to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and therefore obesity and diabetes, while its antagonism leads to the reduction of plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, insulin and glucose. On the other hand, activation of cannabinoid-sensitive receptors can also counteract unfavourable predictors for cardiovascular diseases. In particular, hypertension can be mitigated via CB1 agonism and impaired adrenoceptor responsiveness prevented by functional GPR55. Taken together, current insights identify the cannabinoid system as promising target not only to therapeutically interfere with the vasculature, but also to affect the heart as target organ. This review discusses current knowledge regarding a direct cardiac role of the cannabinoid system and points out its feasible therapeutic manipulation in the ischaemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Lena Puhl
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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