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Jia S, Yang B, Du J, Xie Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Tao T, Tang W, Gong J. Uncovering the Recent Progress of CNC-Derived Chirality Nanomaterials: Structure and Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401664. [PMID: 38651220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a renewable resource, with excellent mechanical performance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and unique optical performance, is becoming a novel candidate for the development of smart material. Herein, the recent progress of CNC-based chirality nanomaterials is uncovered, mainly covering structure regulations and function design. Undergoing a simple evaporation process, the cellulose nanorods can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films, accompanied by a vivid structural color. Various film structure-controlling strategies, including assembly means, physical modulation, additive engineering, surface modification, geometric structure regulation, and external field optimization, are summarized in this work. The intrinsic correlation between structure and performance is emphasized. Next, the applications of CNC-based nanomaterials is systematically reviewed. Layer-by-layer stacking structure and unique optical activity endow the nanomaterials with wide applications in the mineralization, bone regeneration, and synthesis of mesoporous materials. Besides, the vivid structural color broadens the functions in anti-counterfeiting engineering, synthesis of the shape-memory and self-healing materials. Finally, the challenges for the CNC-based nanomaterials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Xu Y, Chen C, Cai J, Lin L, Song W, Yang K, Zhao Y, Wen C, Wei J, Liu Z. Comparative analysis of sipeimine content, metabolome and chloroplast genome in cultivated and wild varieties of Fritillaria taipaiensis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38630097 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wild variety Fritillaria taipaiensis E.B (EB) is known for its superior therapeutic effects, but its limited production cannot meet demand. As a result, the cultivated variety F. taipaiensis P. Y. Li (PY) has been widely grown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing EB and PY in terms of external features, sipeimine content, metabolome and chloroplast genome to differentiate these two varieties. RESULTS Our research revealed that the petals and pods of EB are green, while those of PY have purple markings. The bulbs of EB contain significantly higher levels of sipeimine compared to those of PY. Metabolomic analysis identified 56 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs), with 23 upregulated and 33 downregulated in EB bulbs. Particularly, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and secoxyloganin may serve as distinctive DMs. These DMs were associated with 17 KEGG pathways, including pyrimidine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Differences in the length of the chloroplast genome were primarily observed in the large single-copy (LSC) region, with the largest variation in the trnH-GUC-psbA region. The placement of the trnH gene and the rps gene in proximity to the LSC/IRb boundary differs between EB and PY. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide valuable insights for the introduction and comprehensive development of wild F. taipaiensis from a scientific perspective. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cai
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Lin
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, China
| | - Wei Song
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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van der Kooi CJ, Reuvers L, Spaethe J. Honesty, reliability, and information content of floral signals. iScience 2023; 26:107093. [PMID: 37426347 PMCID: PMC10329176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants advertise their presence by displaying attractive flowers, which pollinators use to locate a floral reward. Understanding how floral traits scale with reward status lies at the heart of pollination biology, because it connects the different interests of plants and pollinators. Studies on plant phenotype-reward associations often use different terms and concepts, which limits developing a broader synthesis. Here, we present a framework with definitions of the key aspects of plant phenotype-reward associations and provide measures to quantify them across different species and studies. We first distinguish between cues and signals, which are often used interchangeably, but have different meanings and are subject to different selective pressures. We then define honesty, reliability, and information content of floral cues/signals and provide ways to quantify them. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary factors that determine flower phenotype-reward associations, how context-dependent and temporally variable they are, and highlight promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. van der Kooi
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lora Reuvers
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Spaethe
- Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Barragán‐Fonseca KY, Rusman Q, Mertens D, Weldegergis BT, Peller J, Polder G, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Insect exuviae as soil amendment affect flower reflectance and increase flower production and plant volatile emission. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:931-945. [PMID: 36514238 PMCID: PMC10107842 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil composition and herbivory are two environmental factors that can affect plant traits including flower traits, thus potentially affecting plant-pollinator interactions. Importantly, soil composition and herbivory may interact in these effects, with consequences for plant fitness. We assessed the main effects of aboveground insect herbivory and soil amendment with exuviae of three different insect species on visual and olfactory traits of Brassica nigra plants, including interactive effects. We combined various methodological approaches including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, spectroscopy and machine learning to evaluate changes in flower morphology, colour and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil amended with insect exuviae increased the total number of flowers per plant and VOC emission, whereas herbivory reduced petal area and VOC emission. Soil amendment and herbivory interacted in their effect on the floral reflectance spectrum of the base part of petals and the emission of 10 VOCs. These findings demonstrate the effects of insect exuviae as soil amendment on plant traits involved in reproduction, with a potential for enhanced reproductive success by increasing the strength of signals attracting pollinators and by mitigating the negative effects of herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y. Barragán‐Fonseca
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Grupo en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Daan Mertens
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Joseph Peller
- Greenhouse HorticultureWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Polder
- Greenhouse HorticultureWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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5
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Mazloumi M, Bdour Y, Escobedo C, Sabat RG. Biomimetic macroscopic hierarchical moire gratings. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5428-5434. [PMID: 36256110 DOI: 10.1364/ao.461446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale hierarchical macroscopic moire gratings resembling the surface structure of Peruvian lily flower petals are fabricated on azobenzene molecular glass thin films using a Lloyd's mirror interferometer. It is shown that nanostructured linear and crossed moire gratings can be made with pitch values reaching a few millimeters. Also, using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and surface profilometry techniques, it is shown that the obtained moire gratings have two-fold or three-fold hierarchical structures fabricated using a simple all optical technique.
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6
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7
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Howard SR, Prendergast K, Symonds MRE, Shrestha M, Dyer AG. Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271069. [PMID: 34318316 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The majority of angiosperms require animal pollination for reproduction, and insects are the dominant group of animal pollinators. Bees are considered one of the most important and abundant insect pollinators. Research into bee behaviour and foraging decisions has typically centred on managed eusocial bee species, including Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris. Non-eusocial bees are understudied with respect to foraging strategies and decision making, such as flower preferences. Understanding whether there are fundamental foraging strategies and preferences that are features of insect groups can provide key insights into the evolution of flower-pollinator co-evolution. In the current study, Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium and Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) sp., two native Australian generalist halictid bees, were tested for flower shape preferences between native insect-pollinated and bird-pollinated flowers. Each bee was presented with achromatic images of either insect-pollinated or bird-pollinated flowers in a circular arena. Both native bee species demonstrated a significant preference for images of insect-pollinated flowers. These preferences are similar to those found in A. mellifera, suggesting that flower shape preference may be a deep-rooted evolutionary occurrence within bees. With growing interest in the sensory capabilities of non-eusocial bees as alternative pollinators, the current study also provides a valuable framework for further behavioural testing of such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett R Howard
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Kit Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew R E Symonds
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Mani Shrestha
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian G Dyer
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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8
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Trunschke J, Lunau K, Pyke GH, Ren ZX, Wang H. Flower Color Evolution and the Evidence of Pollinator-Mediated Selection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:617851. [PMID: 34381464 PMCID: PMC8350172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.617851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of floral traits in animal-pollinated plants involves the interaction between flowers as signal senders and pollinators as signal receivers. Flower colors are very diverse, effect pollinator attraction and flower foraging behavior, and are hypothesized to be shaped through pollinator-mediated selection. However, most of our current understanding of flower color evolution arises from variation between discrete color morphs and completed color shifts accompanying pollinator shifts, while evidence for pollinator-mediated selection on continuous variation in flower colors within populations is still scarce. In this review, we summarize experiments quantifying selection on continuous flower color variation in natural plant populations in the context of pollinator interactions. We found that evidence for significant pollinator-mediated selection is surprisingly limited among existing studies. We propose several possible explanations related to the complexity in the interaction between the colors of flowers and the sensory and cognitive abilities of pollinators as well as pollinator behavioral responses, on the one hand, and the distribution of variation in color phenotypes and fitness, on the other hand. We emphasize currently persisting weaknesses in experimental procedures, and provide some suggestions for how to improve methodology. In conclusion, we encourage future research to bring together plant and animal scientists to jointly forward our understanding of the mechanisms and circumstances of pollinator-mediated selection on flower color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Trunschke
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Klaus Lunau
- Institute of Sensory Ecology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Graham H. Pyke
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Zong-Xin Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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9
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Howard SR. Wild non-eusocial bees learn a colour discrimination task in response to simulated predation events. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:28. [PMID: 34152477 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite representing the majority of bee species, non-eusocial bees (e.g. solitary, subsocial, semisocial, and quasisocial species) are comparatively understudied in learning, memory, and cognitive-like behaviour compared to eusocial bees, such as honeybees and bumblebees. Ecologically relevant colour discrimination tasks are well-studied in eusocial bees, and research has shown that a few non-eusocial bee species are also capable of colour learning and long-term memory retention. Australia hosts over 2000 native bee species, most of which are non-eusocial, yet evidence of cognitive-like behaviour and learning abilities under controlled testing conditions is lacking. In the current study, I examine the learning ability of a non-eusocial Australian bee, Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium, using aversive differential conditioning during a colour discrimination task. L. lanarium learnt to discriminate between salient blue- and yellow-coloured stimuli following training with simulated predation events. This study acts as a bridge between cognitive studies on eusocial and non-social bees and introduces a framework for testing non-eusocial wild bees on elemental visual learning tasks using aversive conditioning. Non-eusocial bee species are far more numerous than eusocial species and contribute to agriculture, economics, and ecosystem services in Australia and across the globe. Thus, it is important to study their capacity to learn flower traits allowing for successful foraging and pollination events, thereby permitting us a better understanding of their role in plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett R Howard
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Schrieber K, Paul SC, Höche LV, Salas AC, Didszun R, Mößnang J, Müller C, Erfmeier A, Eilers EJ. Inbreeding in a dioecious plant has sex- and population origin-specific effects on its interactions with pollinators. eLife 2021; 10:65610. [PMID: 33988502 PMCID: PMC8159375 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the effects of inbreeding in a dioecious plant on its interaction with pollinating insects and test whether the magnitude of such effects is shaped by plant individual sex and the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, scent, colour, and rewarding flower traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial flower traits and floral scent. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression may have partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, the results indicate that inbreeding effects on floral scent may have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and nocturnal moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schrieber
- Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Geobotany, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Catherine Paul
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Levke Valena Höche
- Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Geobotany, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Rabi Didszun
- Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Geobotany, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob Mößnang
- Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Geobotany, Kiel, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Geobotany, Kiel, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Stuart-Fox D, Ospina-Rozo L, Ng L, Franklin AM. The Paradox of Iridescent Signals. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:187-195. [PMID: 33168152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signals reliably convey information to a receiver. To be reliable, differences between individuals in signal properties must be consistent and easily perceived and evaluated by receivers. Iridescent objects are often striking and vivid, but their appearance can change dramatically with viewing geometry and illumination. The changeable nature of iridescent surfaces creates a paradox: how can they be reliable signals? We contend that iridescent color patches can be reliable signals only if accompanied by specific adaptations to enhance reliability, such as structures and behaviors that limit perceived hue shift or enhance and control directionality. We highlight the challenges of studying iridescence and key considerations for the evaluation of its adaptive significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Laura Ospina-Rozo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Leslie Ng
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda M Franklin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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12
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Garcia JE, Shrestha M, Ospina-Rozo L, Dekiwadia C, Field MR, Ma JS, Tran N, Dyer AG, Fox K, Greentree AD. Iridescence and hydrophobicity have no clear delineation that explains flower petal micro-surface. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10685. [PMID: 32606366 PMCID: PMC7326983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant organs including flowers and leaves typically have a variety of different micro-structures present on the epidermal surface. These structures can produce measurable optical effects with viewing angle including shifts in peak reflectance and intensity; however, these different structures can also modulate hydrophobic properties of the surfaces. For some species optical effects have been proposed to act as signals to enhance pollination interactions, whilst the ability to efficiently shed water provides physiological advantages to plants in terms of gas exchange and reducing infections. Currently, little is known about epidermal surface structure of flowering plants in the Southern Hemisphere, and how micro-surface may be related with either hydrophobicity or visual signalling. We measured four Australian native species and two naturalised species using a combination of techniques including SEM imaging, spectral sampling with a goniometer and contact angle measurements. Spectral data were evaluated in relation to published psychophysics results for important pollinators and reveal that potential visual changes, where present, were unlikely to be perceived by relevant pollinators. Nevertheless, hydrophobicity also did not simply explain petal surfaces as similar structures could in some cases result in very different levels of water repellency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair E Garcia
- Bio-Inspired Digital Sensing Solutions (BIDS) Lab, School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
| | - Mani Shrestha
- Bio-Inspired Digital Sensing Solutions (BIDS) Lab, School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.,Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Laura Ospina-Rozo
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3053, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility (RMMF), RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Matthew R Field
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility (RMMF), RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Ji Sheng Ma
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy (MCEM), Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Adrian G Dyer
- Bio-Inspired Digital Sensing Solutions (BIDS) Lab, School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew D Greentree
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
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13
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Baracchi D. Cognitive ecology of pollinators and the main determinants of foraging plasticity. Curr Zool 2019; 65:421-424. [PMID: 31423133 PMCID: PMC6688568 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Baracchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, 50019, Italy
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14
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Shrestha M, Burd M, Garcia JE, Dorin A, Dyer AG. Colour evolution within orchids depends on whether the pollinator is a bee or a fly. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:745-752. [PMID: 30681768 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are a classic angiosperm model for understanding biotic pollination. We studied orchid species within two species-rich herbaceous communities that are known to have either hymenopteran or dipteran insects as the dominant pollinators, in order to understand how flower colour relates to pollinator visual systems. We analysed features of the floral reflectance spectra that are significant to pollinator visual systems and used models of dipteran and hymenopteran colour vision to characterise the chromatic signals used by fly-pollinated and bee-pollinated orchid species. In contrast to bee-pollinated flowers, fly-pollinated flowers had distinctive points of rapid reflectance change at long wavelengths and a complete absence of such spectral features at short wavelengths. Fly-pollinated flowers also had significantly more restricted loci than bee-pollinated flowers in colour space models of fly and bee vision alike. Globally, bee-pollinated flowers are known to have distinctive, consistent colour signals. Our findings of different signals for fly pollination is consistent with pollinator-mediated selection on orchid species that results from the distinctive features of fly visual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shrestha
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J E Garcia
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Dorin
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A G Dyer
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Dyer AG, Shrestha M. Assessment of floral colour signals at a community through the eyes of the birds and bees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:648-650. [PMID: 30895650 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Dyer
- Bio-inspired Digital Sensing (BIDS) Lab, School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Mani Shrestha
- Bio-inspired Digital Sensing (BIDS) Lab, School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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Hannah L, Dyer AG, Garcia JE, Dorin A, Burd M. Psychophysics of the hoverfly: categorical or continuous color discrimination? Curr Zool 2019; 65:483-492. [PMID: 31413720 PMCID: PMC6688577 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in flies as potentially important pollinators. Flies are known to have a complex visual system, including 4 spectral classes of photoreceptors that contribute to the perception of color. Our current understanding of how color signals are perceived by flies is based on data for the blowfly Lucilia sp., which after being conditioned to rewarded monochromatic light stimuli, showed evidence of a categorical color visual system. The resulting opponent fly color space has 4 distinct categories, and has been used to interpret how some fly pollinators may perceive flower colors. However, formal proof that flower flies (Syrphidae) only use a simple, categorical color process remains outstanding. In free-flying experiments, we tested the hoverfly Eristalis tenax, a Batesian mimic of the honeybee, that receives its nutrition by visiting flowers. Using a range of broadband similar–dissimilar color stimuli previously used to test color perception in pollinating hymenopteran species, we evaluated if there are steep changes in behavioral choices with continuously increasing color differences as might be expected by categorical color processing. Our data revealed that color choices by the hoverfly are mediated by a continuous monotonic function. Thus, these flies did not use a categorical processing, but showed evidence of a color discrimination function similar to that observed in several bee species. We therefore empirically provide data for the minimum color distance that can be discriminated by hoverflies in fly color space, enabling an improved understanding of plant–pollinator interactions with a non-model insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hannah
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Adrian G Dyer
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jair E Garcia
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Alan Dorin
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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