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Wang HY, Tu YS, Long J, Zhang HQ, Qi CL, Xie XB, Li SH, Zhang YJ. SRF-miR‑29b-MMP2 axis inhibits NSCLC invasion and metastasis. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:641-9. [PMID: 26044095 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play key roles in tumour metastasis. miR‑29b was previously reported to act as a tumour suppressor or an oncogene in diverse cancers. However, its accurate function and mechanism in metastasis of no-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well known. In this study, we describe the function of miR‑29b in NSCLC metastasis and its regulatory mechanisms. We found that miR‑29b is downregulated in high-metastatic NSCLC cells and low-expression of miR‑29b in primary NSCLC tissue was correlated with lymph node metastasis. Both gain- and loss-of-function study indicated overexpression of miR‑29b could suppress migration and invasion abilities of high-metastatic NSCLC cells, while downregulation of miR‑29b expression promoted migration and invasion of low-metastatic NSCLC cells in vitro. Moreover, introduction of miR‑29b inhibited high‑metastatic NSCLC cells, in vivo, metastasis to liver and lungs. Mechanistically, miR‑29b, induced by the transcription factor SRF, posttranscriptionally downregulates MMP2 expression by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated regions. These findings indicate a new regulatory mode, whereby miR‑29b, which is inhibited by its upstream transcription factor SRF, was able to promote its direct target MMP2 leading to NSCLC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ling Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Lam SK, Li YY, Zheng CY, Leung LL, Ho JCM. E2F1 downregulation by arsenic trioxide in lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2033-43. [PMID: 25174355 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Nonetheless preliminary data have suggested potential activity of ATO in solid tumors including lung cancer. This study aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms of ATO in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Using a panel of 7 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, the effects of ATO treatment on cell viability, expression of E2F1 and its downstream targets, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and alteration of apoptotic/anti-apoptotic factors were studied. Tumor growth inhibition in vivo was investigated using a nude mouse xenograft model. ATO decreased cell viability with clinically achievable concentrations (8 µM) in all cell lines investigated. This was accompanied by reduced expression of E2F1, cyclin A2, skp2, c-myc, thymidine kinase and ribonucleotide reductase M1, while p-c-Jun was upregulated. Cell viability was significantly decreased with E2F1 knockdown. Treatment with ATO resulted in phosphatidylserine externalization in H23 cells and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in all cell lines, associated with truncation of Bid, downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and Bak, caspase-9 and -3 activation and PARP cleavage. Using the H358 xenograft model, the tumor growth was suppressed in the ATO treatment group during 8 days of treatment, associated with downregulation of E2F1 and upregulation of truncated Bid and cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, ATO has potent in vitro and in vivo activity in lung adenocarcinoma, partially mediated through E2F1 downregulation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Zheng
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Leanne Lee Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Stoleriu MG, Steger V, Mustafi M, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Schneider W, Nolte A, Kurz J, Wendel HP, Schlensak C, Walker T. A new strategy in the treatment of chemoresistant lung adenocarcinoma via specific siRNA transfection of SRF, E2F1, Survivin, HIF and STAT3. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:877-86. [PMID: 24627437 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to the actual treatment strategies of lung cancer, the current therapeutic regimen is an individualized, multidisciplinary concept. The development of chemoresistance in the last decade represents the most important obstacle to an effective treatment. In our study, we examined a new therapeutic alternative in the treatment of multiresistant lung adenocarcinoma via siRNA-specific transfection of six crucial molecules involved in lung carcinogenesis [serum response factor(SFR), E2F1, Survivin, hypoxia inducible factor1 (HIF1), HIF2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)]. METHODS Three chemoresistant A549 adenocarcinoma cells were cultured under standard conditions at 37°C and 5% CO2. The chemoresistance against Vinflunine, Vinorelbine and Methotrexate was induced artificially. The A549 cells were transfected for 2 h at 37°C with specific siRNA targeting SRF, E2F1, Survivin, HIF1, HIF2 and STAT3 in a non-viral manner. The efficiency of siRNA silencing was evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas the surviving cells after siRNA transfection as predictor factor for tumoural growth were analysed with a CASY cell counter 3 days after transfection. RESULTS The response of the chemotherapeutic resistant adenocarcinoma cells after siRNA transfection was concentration-dependent at both 25 and 100 nM. The CASY analysis showed a very effective suppression of adenocarcinoma cells in Vinorelbine, Vinflunine and Methotrexate groups, with significantly better results in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we emphasized that siRNA interference might represent a productive platform for further research in order to investigate whether a new regimen in the treatment of multiresistant non-small-cell lung cancer could be established in vivo in the context of a multimodal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Volker Steger
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Migdat Mustafi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Department of Pediatric Cancer and Virus Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilke Schneider
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Nolte
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Walker
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Makowiecki C, Nolte A, Sutaj B, Keller T, Avci-Adali M, Stoll H, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Walker T. New basic approach to treat non-small cell lung cancer based on RNA-interference. Thorac Cancer 2014; 5:112-20. [PMID: 26766987 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date the therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with severe side effects, frustrating outcomes, and does not consider different tumor characteristics. The RNA-interference (RNAi) pathway represents a potential new approach to treat NSCLC. With small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), it is possible to reduce the expression of proliferation-dependent proteins in tumor cells, leading to their apoptosis. We propose that siRNAs could be adapted to the tumor type and may cause fewer side effects than current therapy. METHODS Four NSCLC cell lines were cultured under standard conditions and transfected with three different concentrations of siRNAs targeted against the hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The expression was observed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. For the analysis of cell growth three days after transfection, the cell number was detected using a CASY cell counter system. RESULTS The results of the silencing of the analyzed factors differ in each cell line. Cell growth was significantly reduced in all cell lines after transfection with HIF1α- and STAT3-siRNA. The silencing of HIF2α resulted in a significant effect on cell growth in squamous, and large-cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the knockdown and viability to siRNA transfection differ in each tumor type according to the used siRNA. This implies that the tumor types differ among themselves and should be treated differently. Therefore, the authors suggest a possible approach to a more personalized treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Makowiecki
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Nolte
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Besmire Sutaj
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Timea Keller
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heidi Stoll
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Walker
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
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