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Zhang K, Zhou J, Wu T, Tian Q, Liu T, Wang W, Zhong H, Chen Z, Xiao X, Wu G. Combined analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of GINS family genes in human sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5895-5907. [PMID: 35896011 PMCID: PMC9365567 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was undertaken to explore the expression and prognostic value of GINS family in human sarcoma, as well as the association between the expression levels of the GINS family and sarcoma immune infiltration. Results: We discovered that the mRNA expression levels of GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4 were all higher in the majority of tumor tissues than in normal samples, of course, including sarcoma. Through the CCLE, all the four members expression were observed in high levels in sarcoma cell lines. In Gene Expression Profiling Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, our results indicated that the poor overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were tightly associated with the increased expression of GINS genes. In TIMER database, we found that highly expressed GINS was significantly correlated with the low infiltration level of CD4+ T cell and macrophage. Conclusions: The four GINS family members were all the prognostic biomarkers for the prognosis of human sarcoma and can reduce the level of immune cell infiltration in the sarcoma microenvironment. Methods: In terms of the expression levels of mRNA for GINS family members, a particular contrast in various cancers, especially human sarcoma, was conducted through ONCOMINE and GEPIA and CCLE databases. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to identify the prognostic value of GINS family in sarcoma. The relationship between the expression level of GINS and the infiltration of immune cells was analyzed in TIMER database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qunyan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde 415003, Hunan, China
| | - Xungang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Gen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
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Varga M, Csályi K, Bertyák I, Menyhárd DK, Poole RJ, Cerveny KL, Kövesdi D, Barátki B, Rouse H, Vad Z, Hawkins TA, Stickney HL, Cavodeassi F, Schwarz Q, Young RM, Wilson SW. Tissue-Specific Requirement for the GINS Complex During Zebrafish Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:373. [PMID: 32548116 PMCID: PMC7270345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and accurate DNA replication is particularly critical in stem and progenitor cells for successful proliferation and survival. The replisome, an amalgam of protein complexes, is responsible for binding potential origins of replication, unwinding the double helix, and then synthesizing complimentary strands of DNA. According to current models, the initial steps of DNA unwinding and opening are facilitated by the CMG complex, which is composed of a GINS heterotetramer that connects Cdc45 with the mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) helicase. In this work, we provide evidence that in the absence of GINS function DNA replication is cell autonomously impaired, and we also show that gins1 and gins2 mutants exhibit elevated levels of apoptosis restricted to actively proliferating regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Intriguingly, our results also suggest that the rapid cell cycles during early embryonic development in zebrafish may not require the function of the canonical GINS complex as neither zygotic Gins1 nor Gins2 isoforms seem to be present during these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Varga
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kitti Csályi
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Bertyák
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra K Menyhárd
- HAS-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group and Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kara L Cerveny
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dorottya Kövesdi
- Office of Supported Research Groups of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Barátki
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hannah Rouse
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsa Vad
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kimura K, Tanaka Y, Tauchi S, Kitamura Y, Nishio W, Sakai Y, Hayashi Y, Yoshimura M, Maniwa Y. Psf3 as a possible biomarker of postoperative chemotherapy for patients with early pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:2300-2307. [PMID: 31637868 PMCID: PMC6885426 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partner of Sld five 3 (Psf3) is a member of the heterotetrameric complex that consists of SLD5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. We have shown in previous studies that high Psf3 expression was a poor prognostic marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Here, we statistically evaluated the relationship between clinicopathologic factors and Psf3 expression in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. METHODS A total of 583 patients who had undergone complete resection of stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma from January 2002 to December 2009 were included in the study. Tissue microarrays were performed, and the resected tumors were divided into groups according to Psf3 expression. RESULTS Of 583 patients, high expression of Psf3 was observed in 211 (36.2%) and low expression of Psf3 observed in 372 (63.8%) patients. Among stage I patients, the five-year survival rate was 76.7% in the Psf3 high expression group and 90.9% in the Psf3 low expression group (P < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, Psf3 was found to be the independent prognostic factor. Among stage I patients in the Psf3 high expression group, a significantly greater five-year survival rate was observed in patients who received postoperative chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil than in those who underwent surgery alone (P < 0.0001). In contrast, among stage I patients in the Psf3 low expression group, no difference was found in the five-year survival, regardless of the presence or absence of tegafur-uracil (P = 0.873). CONCLUSION The Psf3 expression was an independent prognostic factor and could be a biomarker of adjuvant tegafur-uracil for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. KEY POINTS Significant findings of the study: The Psf3 expression could be a biomarker of adjuvant tegafur-uracil administration for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Appropriate patients of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma using Psf3 expression could be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kimura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tauchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Akashi Medical Center, Akashi, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Nishio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Division of Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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GINS2 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in thyroid cancer by regulating CITED2 and LOXL2. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:103-113. [PMID: 30177819 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To explore the mechanisms of GINS2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in thyroid cancer (TC) cells. Expressions of GINS2 were inhibited in K1 and SW579 cells using gene interference technology. The abilities of proliferation and apoptosis, and cell cycle were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometric assay. The downstream molecules of GINS2 were searched by microarray and bioinformatics and validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. In the in vivo study, the tumor growth was compared and the whole-body fluorescent imaging was analyzed. After GINS2 was interfered, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) and apoptosis rate increased (P < 0.01) in both K1 and SW579 cells. Cell cycle changed significantly in K1 cells, but not in SW579 cells. With bioinformatics upstream analysis, TGF-β1 was found as the most significantly upstream regulator. Expressions of TGF-β1 and its downstream target molecules CITED2 and LOXL2 were validated and found downregulated significantly in mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). The results of the nude mouse xenograft assay suggested that the volume and weight of tumor in ones infected with shGINS2 were statistically smaller than controls (P < 0.05). GINS2 plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid cancer by regulating the expressions of CITED2 and LOXL2, which may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis and a drug target for therapy.
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Seo YS, Kang YH. The Human Replicative Helicase, the CMG Complex, as a Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29651420 PMCID: PMC5885281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases unwind or rearrange duplex DNA during replication, recombination and repair. Helicases of many pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been studied as potential therapeutic targets to treat infectious diseases, and human DNA helicases as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. DNA replication machineries perform essential tasks duplicating genome in every cell cycle, and one of the important functions of these machineries are played by DNA helicases. Replicative helicases are usually multi-subunit protein complexes, and the minimal complex active as eukaryotic replicative helicase is composed of 11 subunits, requiring a functional assembly of two subcomplexes and one protein. The hetero-hexameric MCM2-7 helicase is activated by forming a complex with Cdc45 and the hetero-tetrameric GINS complex; the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS (CMG) complex. The CMG complex can be a potential target for a treatment of cancer and the feasibility of this replicative helicase as a therapeutic target has been tested recently. Several different strategies have been implemented and are under active investigations to interfere with helicase activity of the CMG complex. This review focuses on the molecular function of the CMG helicase during DNA replication and its relevance to cancers based on data published in the literature. In addition, current efforts made to identify small molecules inhibiting the CMG helicase to develop anti-cancer therapeutic strategies were summarized, with new perspectives to advance the discovery of the CMG-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Soo Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110155. [PMID: 29137182 PMCID: PMC5704173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor with various histological variants that arise from different cell types, such as bronchial epithelium, bronchioles, alveoli, or bronchial mucous glands. The clinical course and treatment efficacy of lung cancer depends on the histological variant of the tumor. Therefore, accurate identification of the histological type of cancer and respective protein biomarkers is crucial for adequate therapy. Due to the great diversity in the molecular-biological features of lung cancer histological types, detection is impossible without knowledge of the nature and origin of malignant cells, which release certain protein biomarkers into the bloodstream. To date, different panels of biomarkers are used for screening. Unfortunately, a uniform serum biomarker composition capable of distinguishing lung cancer types is yet to be discovered. As such, histological analyses of tumor biopsies and immunohistochemistry are the most frequently used methods for establishing correct diagnoses. Here, we discuss the recent advances in conventional and prospective aptamer based strategies for biomarker discovery. Aptamers like artificial antibodies can serve as molecular recognition elements for isolation detection and search of novel tumor-associated markers. Here we will describe how these small synthetic single stranded oligonucleotides can be used for lung cancer biomarker discovery and utilized for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. Furthermore, we describe the most frequently used in-clinic and novel lung cancer biomarkers, which suggest to have the ability of differentiating between histological types of lung cancer and defining metastasis rate.
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Bölükbas S, Eberlein M. Biomarker-driven early lung cancer therapy: the future is now? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:764-765. [PMID: 27126131 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Servet Bölükbas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Eberlein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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