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Gill G, Shashidhar K, Kuttappa M, Kushalappa P B D, Sivamurthy G, Mallick S. Failure rates and factors associated with infrazygomatic crestal orthodontic implants - A prospective study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:283-289. [PMID: 36880016 PMCID: PMC9984842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Infrazygomatic crestal (IZC) implants have gained increased popularity over the past few years. Hardly any studies have been done to assess the rate and reasons for failure of IZCs. This prospective study was planned and designed with the primary objective of assessing the rate of failure of bone-screws (BS) placed in the infrazygomatic crest. In continuation, the secondary objective was to assess the factors that were associated with the failure. Materials and methods The study was carried out by taking a detailed case history, (age, gender, vertical skeletal pattern, medical history), photographic records, radiographs, and clinical examination of a total of 32 randomly selected. patients of south indian origin who required infrazygomatic implants bilaterally as the choice of anchorage conservation to retract their incisors. All selected subjects were required to take a PA Cephalogram after the implant placement. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 33 with an average age of 25 years. The patient log was maintained which included the treatment mechanics, status of oral hygiene, stability of implants, time of loading of the implant, presence of inflammation and time of failure of implant. The angulation of implant was measured on a digital PA cephalogram using Nemoceph software. These parameters were examined to evaluate independent and dependent variables using the Chi-Square test and Fischer's exact test. Result A failure rate 28.1% for IZC placed in the infrazygomatic crest region was observed. Patients with a high mandibular plane angle, poor oral hygiene, immediately loaded implant, peri-implantitis, and severe clinical mobility showed higher failure rates. Variables such as age, gender, sagittal skeletal pattern, length of the implant, type of movement, occluso-gingival position, method of force application, and angle of placement were not significantly associated with implant failure. Conclusion Oral hygiene and peri-screw inflammation must be controlled to minimize the failure of bone screws placed in the infrazygomatic crest region. Loading of the implant should be done after a latent period of two weeks. A higher failure rate was observed in patients with vertical growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Gill
- Gills Multispecialty Dental Solutions, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keerthan Shashidhar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics, NITTE Deemed to Be University, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M.N. Kuttappa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics, NITTE Deemed to Be University, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhyan Kushalappa P B
- Department of Dentistry, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Soham Mallick
- Dr Soham's Dental Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yamagata K, Oga Y, Kwon S, Maeda-Iino A, Ishikawa T, Miyawaki S. A novel auxiliary device enhances miniscrew stability under immediate heavy loading simulating orthopedic treatment. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:71-78. [PMID: 36126677 PMCID: PMC9797141 DOI: 10.2319/022222-163.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate miniscrew stability and perform a histomorphometric analysis of the bone around the miniscrew under a load corresponding to orthopedic force. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two miniscrews were implanted into eight rabbit tibias. Auxiliary group rabbits received auxiliary devices with miniscrews (n = 8, 28 days; n = 8, 56 days), and those in the nonauxiliary control group received miniscrews without auxiliary devices (n = 8, 28 days; n = 8, 56 days). Elastics were placed between miniscrews to apply a load of 5 N. Miniscrew stability was evaluated using a Periotest. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and spike implantation depth were measured histomorphologically. RESULTS Periotest values in the auxiliary group were significantly lower than those in the nonauxiliary group at all time periods. There was no significant difference in BIC between the auxiliary and nonauxiliary groups at 28 or 56 days postimplantation. The implantation spike depth in the auxiliary group was significantly greater at 56 days compared to that at 28 days. Newly formed bone was observed around the spike of the auxiliary device at 56 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the use of miniscrews in conjunction with auxiliary devices provides stable skeletal anchorage, which may be useful in orthopedic treatments.
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Watanabe K, Lee S, Lee D, Zheng F, Kyung HM, Kim DG, Deguchi T. Authors’ response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:288-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ikenaka R, Koizumi S, Otsuka T, Yamaguchi T. Effects of root contact length on the failure rate of anchor screw. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:232-235. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - So Koizumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Takero Otsuka
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University
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Vicioni-Marques F, Pimentel DJB, Matsumoto MAN, Stuani MBS, Romano FL. Orthodontic mini-implants: clinical and peri-implant evaluation. J World Fed Orthod 2021; 11:22-28. [PMID: 34906435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the clinical changes of orthodontic mini-implants (MI) inserted for the purpose of anchoring during orthodontic treatment. The null hypotheses were: 1-that there is no correlation between proximity of the MI to the root and peri-implantitis or mobility; 2-that peri-implantitis does not interfere with mobility; 3-that the pain is not related to mobility or peri-implantitis. Forty (40) patients were selected and the MI were evaluated for each patient. MI in the upper and lower arch were evaluated for a period of approximately 6 months with relationship to the distance MI - root, peri-implantitis, mobility, biological damage and pain through the analysis of periapical radiography and clinical/periodontal evaluation. The evaluations were performed out by means of scores and a correlation was made between the variables. No statistically significant differences were found between the upper and lower arch in the variables evaluated, except for the mobility that was more present in the lower arch (p = 0.0336). There was a correlation between peri-implantitis and mobility (p = 0.0003) and between pain and mobility (p = 0.0443). However, there was no correlation between a greater degree of peri-implantitis and greater mobility (p = 0.7054). In addition, the MI placed too close to the root showed peri-implantitis (p = 0.0142). The null hypotheses were rejected because there was a positive correlation between the analyzes. The placement of MI close to the root led to greater peri-implantitis. Patients who reported pain had greater mobility of the MI and peri-implantitis led to greater mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vicioni-Marques
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Jesus Brandariz Pimentel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Uchida Y, Namura Y, Inaba M, Osada A, Charleston-Coad T, Nakamura Y, Motoyoshi M. Influence of pre-drilling diameter on the stability of orthodontic anchoring screws in the mid-palatal area. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:270-274. [PMID: 34193778 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of orthodontic anchor screws (OASs) in the mid-palatal area according to pre-drilling diameter. METHODS The success rate of 161 OASs (83 patients, φ2.0 mm, 6.0 mm in length) placed in a corresponding area to the mesial and distal borders of the first molar (mesial zone and distal zone) was assessed according to placement location and pre-drilling diameter (1.2 and 1.5 mm). Placement torque values from 73 OASs with a pre-drilling diameter of 1.2 mm were compared between success and failure groups. RESULTS The success rates of OASs pre-drilled with φ1.2 and 1.5 mm were 94.5% and 83.0%, respectively (P < 0.05); corresponding rates in the mesial zone were 100.0% and 77.3% (P < 0.005), and those in the distal zone were 89.2% and 88.6%, respectively. Placement torques of OASs predrilled with φ1.2 mm in the success and failure groups were 25.9 and 19.2 N·cm, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A smaller pre-drilling diameter was associated with a higher success rate of OASs in the mid-palatal area, especially in the mesial zone. When pre-drilling diameter of 1.2 mm was used for φ2.0 mm OAS, greater placement torque was indicative of greater OAS stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Uchida
- Department of Orthodontics, and Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuhiro Namura
- Department of Orthodontics, and Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mizuki Inaba
- Department of Orthodontics, and Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ayaka Osada
- Department of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Tasku Charleston-Coad
- Department of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, and Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Evaluation of Cortical Bone Microdamage and Primary Stability of Orthodontic Miniscrew Using a Human Bone Analogue. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081825. [PMID: 33917087 PMCID: PMC8067727 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic miniscrews have gained popularity; however, they have some drawbacks, including screw loosening that results from bone resorption caused by excess microdamage created during screw insertion. Pilot hole preparation through the cortical bone is considered beneficial to avoid such microdamage, while an overly large pilot hole impairs primary stability. Hence, we used a human bone analogue to evaluate the microdamage and primary stability to estimate the optimal pilot hole size that would minimize the screw loosening risk. Ti6Al4V orthodontic miniscrews and 1.0-mm-thick synthetic cortical bone pieces were prepared. Various compressive loads were applied in indentation tests to test pieces' surfaces, and the microdamaged areas were confirmed as stress-whitening zones. Screw insertion tests were performed in which a miniscrew was inserted into the test pieces' pilot hole with a diameter of 0.7-1.2 mm in 0.1-mm intervals, and the stress-whitening area was measured. The insertion and removal torque were also measured to evaluate primary stability. The stress-whitening areas of the 1.0-1.2 mm pilot hole diameter groups were significantly smaller than those of the other groups (p < 0.05), whereas the 0.9 and 1.0 mm pilot hole diameter groups showed higher primary stability than other groups. In conclusion, the bone analogue could be utilized to evaluate microdamage in cortical bones and the primary stability of miniscrews.
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Möhlhenrich SC, Heussen N, Modabber A, Kniha K, Hölzle F, Wilmes B, Danesh G, Szalma J. Influence of bone density, screw size and surgical procedure on orthodontic mini-implant placement - part A: temperature development. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:555-564. [PMID: 32694036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of bone density, orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) size, and the surgical procedure on temperature increase during implant site osteotomy and placement. OMIs of different sizes (2.0×7, 2.3×7, 2.0×11, and 2.3×11mm) were placed in artificial bone blocks of different densities (D1-D4). Optionally, the drilling and insertion angle was 90° or 60° to the bone surface. A total of 640 OMIs were inserted, and predrilling was performed in 320 cases. All insertions were done without irrigation with an axial load of 20N, which resulted in 64 groups. Temperature measurements were performed during implant site preparation and placement using Type-K-thermocouples. Mean temperature increase differed for OMI osteotomy between 1.38°C and 8.75°C and placement between 3.8°C and 18.74°C, respectively. Critical thermal increase was especially reached during placement using long implants. Increasing bone density and implant size (diameter <length) correlated with thermal increase. Predrilling and angulated implant placement resulted in less heat development. Critical temperature behaviour in high-density bone could be partially responsible for the high failure rates of OMI placement in the lower jaw. The influence of the implant size on temperature development should be considered when selecting an OMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Möhlhenrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - N Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Center of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Wilmes
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - J Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Han CM, Watanabe K, Tsatalis AE, Lee D, Zheng F, Kyung HM, Deguchi T, Kim DG. Evaluations of miniscrew type-dependent mechanical stability. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 69:21-27. [PMID: 31280063 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miniscrew has been widely used as an absolute anchorage in orthodontic treatment. Types of miniscrew with different diameter, length, shape, and thread dimensions may have a substantial effect on mechanical stability of the miniscrew system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate miniscrew type-dependent mechanical stability to assess mechanical properties of miniscrew systems in various thickness of artificial bone block using different measurement tools. METHODS Two types of miniscrews (15 Tomas and 15 AbsoAnchor) were placed in artificial bone block with different thickness of 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm. Values of maximum insertion torque, removal torque, Periotest, implant stability quotient, static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and energy dissipation ability were assessed for each miniscrew system. FINDINGS The maximum insertion torque, removal torque, implant stability quotient, static and dynamic stiffness values significantly increased when the miniscrews were placed in thicker bone block while Periotest values decreased. The static stiffness, Periotest and implant stability quotient values were significantly correlated each other and also with other mechanical properties (p < 0.001) except tan δ (p > 0.35). However, the slopes of some correlations and absolute values of measurement were significantly different dependent on the miniscrew types (p < 0.025). INTERPRETATION The current findings suggest that miniscrew type-dependent calibrations are required to estimate mechanical stability of the miniscrew systems despite the utilization of same measurement tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Han
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keiichiro Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrea E Tsatalis
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Damian Lee
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Toru Deguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Bakopoulou A, Hoang P, Fathi A, Foley M, Dunstan C, Dalci O, Papadopoulou AK, Darendeliler MA. A comparative histomorphological and micro computed tomography study of the primary stability and the osseointegration of The Sydney Mini Screw; a qualitative pilot animal study in New Zealand rabbits. Eur J Orthod 2018; 41:360-369. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the potential of improving orthodontic miniscrews’ (MSs) primary stability in vivo by evaluating the dispersion capacity of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) through a newly designed hollow MS [The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS)] and its integration with the cortical and trabecular bone by using the femur and tibia in a New Zealand rabbit animal model.MethodsIn total, 24 MSs were randomly placed in each proximal tibia and femur of 6 New Zealand rabbits with an open surgery process. Aarhus MSs were used as controls and the effect of injection of iBGS was studied by implanting SMSs with and without iBGS injection. The dispersion of iBGS and the integration of the SMS were studied by using micro Computed Tomography (μCT) and histochemical analysis at two time points, 0 day and 8 weeks post-implantation.ResultsiBGS was successfully injected through the SMS and hardened in situ. After 8 weeks, μCT results revealed that the iBGS particles were resorbed and bone tissue was formed around the SMS and within its lateral exit holes.ConclusionsThis pilot animal study showed the high potential of the combined use of iBGS and SMS as a newly developed technique to promote the primary stability of MSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bakopoulou
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Hoang
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ali Fathi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin Dunstan
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Oyku Dalci
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Papadopoulou
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tseng YC, Pan CY, Liu PH, Yang YH, Chang HP, Chen CM. Resonance frequency analysis of miniscrew implant stability. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:64-69. [PMID: 29576579 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study used resonance frequency (RF) analysis to assess miniscrew implant (MSI) stability during wound healing in a sample of 68 patients (41 women, 27 men; mean age, 27.7 years). The 104 MSIs included 66 placements in the buccal shelf (BS; 2.0 × 12 mm) and 38 placements in interradicular (IR; 1.5 × 8 mm) sites. Thirteen (12.5%) of the MSIs failed. A new RF detection device was used to measure RF at baseline (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), 9 (T3), 12 (T4), and 15 (T5) weeks after placement. A linear mixed-effects model was fitted to change in RF values. As compared with the BS group, the IR group had significantly lower RF values on the right side from T0 through T4 and on the left side from T0 through T2. Insertion site and time of visit were significantly associated with RF value. The effects of time of visit significantly differed between the BS and IR sites. Starting from T0, the MSIs placed at both sites had significantly lower RF values at all intervals, except for T0-T1. Future studies should examine how the present clinical protocols can optimize timing of MSI loading to maximize the success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Tseng
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University.,Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Chin-Yun Pan
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University.,Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Pao-Hsin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, I-Shou University
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Center, Research and Development Office, Kaohsiung Medical University.,Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Hong-Po Chang
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University.,Department of Dentistry (Orthodontics), Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Clinics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
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Ida H, Seiryu M, Takeshita N, Iwasaki M, Yokoyama Y, Tsutsumi Y, Ikeda E, Sasaki S, Miyashita S, Sasaki S, Fukunaga T, Deguchi T, Takano-Yamamoto T. Biosafety, stability, and osteogenic activity of novel implants made of Zr 70Ni 16Cu 6Al 8 bulk metallic glass for biomedical application. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:505-517. [PMID: 29772348 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Superior mechanical and chemical properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 bulk metallic glass (BMG) demonstrate its promise as a novel biomaterial for fabrication of implants. The aim of the present study was to validate mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG through comparison with titanium (Ti). Our data indicated higher tensile strength, lower Young's modulus, and reduced metal ion release of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG compared with Ti. Biosafety of bone marrow mesenchymal cells on Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG was comparable to that of Ti. Next, screw-type implant prototypes made of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG were fabricated and inserted into rat long bones. Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants indicated a higher removal-torque value and lower Periotest value compared with Ti implants. In addition, higher amounts of new bone formation and osseointegration were observed around Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants compared with Ti implants. Moreover, gene expression analysis displayed higher expression of osteoblast- and osteoclast-associated genes in the Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG group compared with the Ti group. Importantly, loading to implants upregulated bone formation, as well as osteoblast- and osteoclast-associated gene expression in the peri-implant area. No significant difference in concentrations of Ni, Al, Cu, and Zr in various organs was shown between in the Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG and Ti groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG is suitable for fabricating novel implants with superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, stability, and biosafety compared with Ti. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Titanium is widely used to fabricate orthopedic and dental implants. However, Titanium has disadvantages for biomedical applications in regard to strength, elasticity, and biosafety. Recently, we developed a novel hypoeutectic Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG, which has superior mechanical and chemical properties. However, the validity of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG for biomedical application has not been cleared. The aim of the present study was to validate the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG for biomedical applications through comparison with Titanium. The present study clarifies that Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and osteogenic activity, which are necessary features for biomedical applications. The present study provides for the first time the superiority of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants to Titanium implants for biomedical applications.
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Kiyokawa T, Motoyoshi M, Inaba M, Sano R, Saiki A, Torigoe G, Asano M, Shimizu N. A preliminary study of effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation on dentoalveolar ankylosis. J Oral Sci 2018; 59:447-451. [PMID: 28904322 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation can inhibit dentoalveolar ankylosis in transplanted rat teeth. LIPUS irradiation (the pulsed ultrasound signal had a frequency of 3.0 MHz, a spatial average intensity of 30 mW/cm2, and a pulse ratio of 1:4) was performed on the face over the re-planted teeth of rats for 4 weeks. After the rats were euthanized, we measured mobility (Periotest value [PTV]) of the transplanted and control teeth using a Periotest. Finally, we performed histological evaluation to detect ankylosis. PTVs tended to be significantly lower for re-planted teeth than for control teeth. Histological evaluation revealed that the roots of all re-planted teeth were coalescent with alveolar bone. Furthermore, no ankylosis was observed in three-fifths of the re-planted teeth following LIPUS irradiation. These results indicate the potential efficacy of LIPUS to inhibit dentoalveolar ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School Dentistry
| | - Mizuki Inaba
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Remi Sano
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Akari Saiki
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Go Torigoe
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School Dentistry
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Gurdán Z, Vajta L, Tóth Á, Lempel E, Joób-Fancsaly Á, Szalma J. Effect of pre-drilling on intraosseous temperature during self-drilling mini-implant placement in a porcine mandible model. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:47-53. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gurdán
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University of Pécs
| | - László Vajta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs
| | | | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs
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Hosein YK, Dixon SJ, Rizkalla AS, Tassi A. A Comparison of the Mechanical Measures Used for Assessing Orthodontic Mini-Implant Stability. IMPLANT DENT 2016; 26:225-231. [PMID: 27918313 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical loosening remains a common complication associated with mini-implant failure. The purpose of this study was to compare common mechanical measures of mini-implant stability to determine their association and reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants from 6 manufacturers were inserted into artificial bone blocks. Insertion torques (ITs) and Periotest values (PVs) were measured. Subsequently, mini-implants underwent pull-out testing for measures of pull-out load (POL) and screw displacement (ScrD). Stability measurements were compared using one-way ANOVA, associations among them were assessed using correlation analyses, and reliability was evaluated using coefficients of variation (COVs). RESULTS Variations in stability of mini-implants were found, specific to the mechanical measure used for assessment (P < 0.05). The strongest correlations were found between IT and PV (r = -0.68) and between IT and POL (r = 0.66). Overall, PV showed the greatest variability (COV: 11%-100%) compared with IT (≤11%), POL (≤4%), and ScrD (≤19%). CONCLUSIONS IT, PV, and POLs only agreed moderately in their assessment of mini-implant stability, and Periotest showed the least reliability in predicting mini-implant stability. As such, independent and interchangeable use of these stability measures should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara K Hosein
- *Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Bone and Joint Institute; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. †Distinguished University Professor, Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Bone and Joint Institute; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. ‡Professor, Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Bone and Joint Institute; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. §Assistant Professor, Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Torque ratio as a predictable factor on primary stability of orthodontic miniscrew implants. IMPLANT DENT 2016; 23:576-81. [PMID: 25192157 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the torque ratio (TR) as a predictable factor on primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews. DESIGN Fifty-eight orthodontic patients (17 men, 41 women; mean age, 21.9 years) with a total of 112 titanium miniscrews of 3 different diameters were subjected. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torque (MRT) were measured by a digital torque checker at the screw placement. Four weeks after the placement, the stable screw was recorded as a success. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the influence of each clinical variable on success. RESULTS Success rates were 82.1% to 89.5%, and there were no significant differences in the 3 types of miniscrews. MIT and MRT showed a positive correlation but did not affect the success rates of miniscrews directly. On the contrary, TR was significantly higher in the success group than in the failure group. In multiple regression analysis, age, TR, and screw proximity had a significant influence on the miniscrew success. CONCLUSIONS TR might be related with the miniscrew success rates, and it can be used as a predictable factor on primary stability of orthodontic miniscrew implants. Miniscrew implants should be replaced if MRT is significantly lower than MIT at placement surgery.
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Are assessments of damping capacity and placement torque useful in estimating root proximity of orthodontic anchor screws? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 150:124-9. [PMID: 27364214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placement torque and damping capacity may increase when the orthodontic anchor screws make contact with an adjacent root. If this is the case, root contact can be inferred from the placement torque and damping capacity. The purpose of this study was to verify the detectability of root proximity of the screws by placement torque and damping capacity. For this purpose, we investigated the relationship among placement torque, damping capacity, and screw-root proximity. METHODS The placement torque, damping capacity, and root proximity of 202 screws (diameter, 1.6 mm; length, 8.0 mm) were evaluated in 110 patients (31 male, 79 female; mean age, 21.3 ± 6.9 years). Placement torque was measured using a digital torque tester, damping capacity was measured with a Periotest device (Medizintechnik Gulden, Modautal, Germany), and root contact was judged using cone-beam computed tomography images. RESULTS The rate of root contact was 18.3%. Placement torque and damping capacity were 7.8 N·cm and 3.8, respectively. The placement torque of screws with root contact was greater than that of screws with no root contact (P <0.05; effect size, 0.44; power, <0.8). Damping capacity of screws with root contact was significantly greater than that of screws with no root contact (P <0.01; effect size, >0.5; power, >0.95). CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that the damping capacity is related to root contact.
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Smith A, Hosein YK, Dunning CE, Tassi A. Fracture resistance of commonly used self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants. Angle Orthod 2016; 85:26-32. [PMID: 24869900 DOI: 10.2319/112213-860.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the fracture resistance of six commonly used self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants by comparing their respective fracture torques during insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety self-drilling mini-implants from six manufacturers (Aarhus, Dual-Top, OrthoEasy, Tomas-pin, Unitek, and VectorTAS), with diameters ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 mm, were inserted into acrylic blocks using a custom-made insertion device. Insertion torques were measured using a 6-degree-of-freedom load cell fixed to the base of the acrylic blocks, and peak torques experienced at the time of fracture for each of the mini-implants were recorded. One-way analysis of variance (α = .05) was used to compare the fracture torques among the six different groups. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P < .05) in the peak fracture torques among mini-implant groups. Mean fracture torques ranked as follows: Unitek (72 Ncm) > Tomas-pin (36 Ncm) > Dual-Top (32 Ncm) ≈ VectorTAS (31 Ncm) > OrthoEasy (28 Ncm) > Aarhus (25 Ncm), with significant differences found between all manufacturers, except for Dual-Top and VectorTAS. CONCLUSIONS Mini-implants tested showed a wide range of torque at fracture depending on the manufacturer, with only a weak correlation between mini-implant diameter and fracture resistance. This torque should be considered at the time of mini-implant insertion to minimize the risk of implant fracture, especially in areas of high-density bone without predrilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Smith
- a Private practice, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate a causal relationship between the stability of orthodontic anchor screws (screws) and the degree of their proximity to the root (root proximity) using mobility test device (Periotest) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 165 (diameter 1.6 mm; length 8 mm) screws in 58 patients (average age, 24.4 ± 8.5 years) were evaluated. After screw placement, CBCT was used for diagnostic imaging of the area around the site. Root proximity was evaluated and categorized into three groups: A, no contact; B, single contact; and C, multi-contact. The Periotest value was used to assess screw stability. The screw failure rate according to root proximity significantly differed between categories A and C. In addition, failure rate significantly differed between mandibular screws with and without root contact. Periotest values in categories A and C were significantly higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. Mandibular screws had greater mobility than maxillar screws, even when the screw avoided root contact. The lower stability of mandibular screws with root contact might be related to their greater mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shigeeda
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Yano S, Motoyoshi M, Inaba M, Yano S, Takenouchi H, Son S, Arai Y, Shimizu N. A healing period increases mini-implant stability in growing rats. J Oral Sci 2014; 56:113-8. [PMID: 24930747 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.56.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the stability of orthodontic mini-implants in young rats. Male rats with mean ages of 6 weeks (n = 16) and 20 weeks (n = 16) were divided into four groups (n = 8 each). In the 6- and 20-week immediate-loading groups, immediately after placement, mini-implants were exposed to an experimental traction force for 2 weeks. In the 6- and 20-week healing groups, the force was applied for 2 weeks after a 6-week healing period. Right tibiae served as the test limbs and the left tibiae as controls. A Periotest device was used to measure mini-implant mobility after traction, and Tukey's test was used to compare Periotest values among groups. The results showed significantly greater mobility in the 6-week immediate-loading group than in the 20-week immediate-loading and 6- and 20-week healing groups, and significantly less mobility in the 6-week healing group than in the 20-week immediate-loading group (P < 0.05). Mini-implants were stable during the healing period. The results indicate that mini-implants can be used for orthodontic anchorage in juvenile patients if the duration of healing is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yano
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Brown RN, Sexton BE, Gabriel Chu TM, Katona TR, Stewart KT, Kyung HM, Liu SSY. Comparison of stainless steel and titanium alloy orthodontic miniscrew implants: a mechanical and histologic analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:496-504. [PMID: 24703288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detailed mechanical and histologic properties of stainless steel miniscrew implants used for temporary orthodontic anchorage have not been assessed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare them with identically sized titanium alloy miniscrew implants. METHODS Forty-eight stainless steel and 48 titanium alloy miniscrew implants were inserted into the tibias of 12 rabbits. Insertion torque and primary stability were recorded. One hundred grams of tensile force was applied between half of the implants in each group, resulting in 4 subgroups of 24 specimens each. Fluorochrome labeling was administered at weeks 4 and 5. When the rabbits were euthanized at 6 weeks, stability and removal torque were measured in half (ie, 12 specimens) of each of the 4 subgroups. Microdamage burden and bone-to-implant contact ratio were quantified in the other 12 specimens in each subgroup. Mixed model analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS All implants were stable at insertion and after 6 weeks. The only significant difference was the higher (9%) insertion torque for stainless steel. No significant differences were found between stainless steel and titanium alloy miniscrew implants in microdamage burden and bone-to-implant contact regardless of loading status. CONCLUSIONS Stainless steel and titanium alloy miniscrew implants provide the same mechanical stability and similar histologic responses, suggesting that both are suitable for immediate orthodontic clinical loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Brown
- Former resident, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Brent E Sexton
- Former resident, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Tien-Min Gabriel Chu
- Associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Thomas R Katona
- Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind; associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Kelton T Stewart
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sean Shih-Yao Liu
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind.
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Son S, Motoyoshi M, Uchida Y, Shimizu N. Comparative study of the primary stability of self-drilling and self-tapping orthodontic miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:480-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marquezan M, Lima I, Lopes RT, Sant'Anna EF, de Souza MMG. Is trabecular bone related to primary stability of miniscrews? Angle Orthod 2013; 84:500-7. [PMID: 24245816 DOI: 10.2319/052513-39.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the primary stability of miniscrews inserted into bone blocks of different bone mineral densities (BMDs) with and without cortical bone, and investigate whether some trabecular properties could influence primary stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two bone blocks were extracted from fresh bovine pelvic bone. Four groups were created based on bone type (iliac or pubic region) and presence or absence of cortical bone. Specimens were micro-computed tomography imaged to evaluate trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, bone volume density (BV/TV), BMD, and cortical thickness. Miniscrews 1.4 mm in diameter and 6 mm long were inserted into the bone blocks, and primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque (IT), mini-implant mobility (PTV), and pull-out strength (PS). RESULTS Intergroup comparison showed lower levels of primary stability when the BMD of trabecular bone was lower and in the absence of cortical bone (P≤.05). The Pearson correlation test showed correlation between trabecular number, trabecular thickness, BV/TV, trabecular BMD, total BMD, and IT, PTV, and PS. There was correlation between cortical thickness and IT and PS (P≤.05). CONCLUSION Cancellous bone plays an important role in primary stability of mini-implants in the presence or absence of cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marquezan
- a PhD Student, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Miura K, Motoyoshi M, Inaba M, Iwai H, Karasawa Y, Shimizu N. A preliminary study of the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exposure on the stability of orthodontic miniscrews in growing rats. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:419-24. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Assessment of damping capacity as an index of root proximity in self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:321-6. [PMID: 23519743 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate orthodontic mini-implant root proximity, placement torque, and damping capacity and to determine whether placement torque and damping capacity (Periotest value (PTV)) are useful indices for the estimation of mini-implant root proximity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The root proximity of 143 orthodontic mini-implants (1.6 mm diameter, 8 mm screw thread length) was evaluated in 79 patients (24 males, 55 females; mean age, 22.5 ± 8 years) using cone-beam computed tomography. The placement torque and PTV of each implant were determined using a torque tester and the Periotest, respectively. Variability in these values according to root proximity was evaluated. RESULTS PTVs of mini-implants with multiple (two or more) points of contact between the root and implant were significantly larger than those of mini-implants with no root contact in the self-drilling group. Placement torque did not differ significantly according to root proximity. In the self-drilling group, the odds ratio for root contact was 20.82 (P = 0.000) for a PTV >6. CONCLUSIONS Placement torque could not be used to estimate root proximity. The PTV was significantly affected by root proximity in the self-drilling group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A threshold of PTV >6 could be applied clinically for the estimation of self-drilling mini-implant root proximity.
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Omasa S, Motoyoshi M, Arai Y, Ejima KI, Shimizu N. Low-level laser therapy enhances the stability of orthodontic mini-implants via bone formation related to BMP-2 expression in a rat model. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:255-61. [PMID: 22404559 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the stimulatory effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the stability of mini-implants in rat tibiae. BACKGROUND DATA In adolescent patients, loosening is a notable complication of mini-implants used to provide anchorage in orthodontic treatments. Previously, the stimulatory effects of LLLT on bone formation were reported; here, it was examined whether LLLT enhanced the stability of mini-implants via peri-implant bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight titanium mini-implants were placed into both tibiae of 6-week-old male rats. The mini-implants in the right tibia were subjected to LLLT of gallium-aluminium-arsenide laser (830 nm) once a day during 7 days, and the mini-implants in the left tibia served as nonirradiated controls. At 7 and 35 days after implantation, the stability of the mini-implants was investigated using the diagnostic tool (Periotest). New bone volume around the mini-implants was measured on days 3, 5, and 7 by in vivo microfocus CT. The gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in bone around the mini-implants was also analyzed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. The data were statistically analyzed using Student's t test. RESULTS Periotest values were significantly lower (0.79- to 0.65-fold) and the volume of newly formed bone was significantly higher (1.53-fold) in the LLLT group. LLLT also stimulated significant BMP-2 gene expression in peri-implant bone (1.92-fold). CONCLUSIONS LLLT enhanced the stability of mini-implants placed in rat tibiae and accelerated peri-implant bone formation by increasing the gene expression of BMP-2 in surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Omasa
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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