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Saggi MK, Phillips CL, Comas M, Hoyos CM, Marshall NS, Shiao JSC, Guo YL, Lin TT, Cayanan EA, Gordon CJ. Does daily energy and macronutrient intake differ between work and non-workdays in shift workers? A mixed methods study. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1039-1048. [PMID: 37599382 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2246559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Shift workers are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases, but their eating patterns on work and non-workdays are understudied. We aimed to examine whether energy intake and macronutrient intake of day and night shift nurses were different during work and non-workdays. We used a mixed-methods approach to study food intake of shift working nurses from two hospitals during day and night shifts. Participants completed baseline questionnaires about eating behaviour, sleep, chronotype, mood and shift work disorder. Participants then completed a 4-d food diary which included a non-workday prior to the first shift, the first and last shift (either day or night) and the following non-workday. After completion of the food diaries, we used semi-structured interviews to explore the qualitative aspects of eating behaviours. Seventy-nine shift-working nurses participated in the study. Daily energy intake was not significantly different on work and non-workdays in day or night shift workers (p > 0.05). Whilst macronutrient consumption was also not different between day and night shift workers (p > 0.05), sugar intake was higher in day compared to night shift workers (p = 0.02) on the non-workday prior to the first workday. In qualitative interviews, participants reported their eating to be different on day and night shifts as well as work and non-workdays. Eating behaviour in day and night shift workers was highly influenced by food availability, convenience, peers, and family members. Nurses qualitatively report that night and day shifts result in them eating differently despite no statistically discernible difference in energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kaur Saggi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig L Phillips
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Comas
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathaniel S Marshall
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith Shu-Chu Shiao
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ti Lin
- School of Nursing, National Défense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth A Cayanan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Sanders LM, Slavin J. Impact of Pasta Intake on Body Weight and Body Composition: A Technical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2689. [PMID: 37375591 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasta is a staple carbohydrate across many cultures but has been implicated in overweight and obesity due to its position as a refined carbohydrate. Yet, the unique structure of pasta and its low glycemic response suggest it may contribute to a healthy body weight. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on the effects of pasta and dietary patterns high in pasta on body weight and body composition outcomes, and evaluate potential mechanisms by which pasta may influence body weight. A search of PubMed and CENTRAL identified 38 relevant studies examining pasta intake and body weight outcomes or potential mechanisms. Observational studies generally report no association or an inverse association of pasta intake with body weight/body composition outcomes. One clinical trial reported no difference in weight loss between a hypocaloric diet with high intake vs. low intake of pasta. Pasta may influence body weight via its low glycemic response, but evidence of effects on appetite, appetite-related hormones, and gastric emptying is limited and inconclusive. In conclusion, observational and limited clinical data suggest pasta is either inversely or not associated with overweight or obesity in healthy children and adults, and does not contribute to weight gain within the context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Rogerson G, Whelan M, Gibson R. A systematic review of measurement methods used to estimate fluid and beverage intake in free-living, working-age adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022. [PMID: 36514191 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beverage intake in employees is important to quantify due to the potential of dehydration to increase the risk of errors and reduced work performance. This systematic review aimed to (1) characterise existing fluid intake measurement tools used in the workplace setting or among free-living, healthy adults of working age and (2) report the current validation status of available assessment tools for use in a UK setting. METHODS Three electronic databases were searched for publications measuring beverage intake using a defined tool or method. Additional studies were identified by hand from trial registers, grey literature and reference lists. Eligibility was determined using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology framework. Narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS The review identified 105 studies. The most frequently reported beverage assessment methods were total diet diaries/records (n = 22), fluid specific diaries/records (n = 18), food and fluid frequency questionnaires (n = 17), beverage-specific frequency questionnaires (n = 23) and diet recalls (n = 11). General dietary measurement tools (measuring beverages as part of total diet) were used in 60 studies, and 45 studies used a beverage-specific tool. This review identified 18 distinct dietary assessment tools, of which 6 were fluid/beverage specific. Twelve tools published relative validity for a beverage-related variable and seven tools for total daily fluid intake (from whole diet or from beverages only). CONCLUSIONS Several fluid intake assessment tools were identified; however, few have been fully evaluated for total beverage intake, and none in a UK working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rogerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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