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Dumuid D, Stanford TE, Pedišić Ž, Maher C, Lewis LK, Martín-Fernández JA, Katzmarzyk PT, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Olds T. Adiposity and the isotemporal substitution of physical activity, sedentary time and sleep among school-aged children: a compositional data analysis approach. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:311. [PMID: 29499689 PMCID: PMC5834855 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daily activity data are by nature compositional data. Accordingly, they occupy a specific geometry with unique properties that is different to standard Euclidean geometry. This study aimed to estimate the difference in adiposity associated with isotemporal reallocation between daily activity behaviours, and to compare the findings from compositional isotemporal subsitution to those obtained from traditional isotemporal substitution. Methods We estimated the differences in adiposity (body fat%) associated with reallocating fixed durations of time (isotemporal substitution) between accelerometer-measured daily activity behaviours (sleep, sedentary time and light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) among 1728 children aged 9–11 years from Australia, Canada, Finland and the UK (International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment, 2011–2013). We generated estimates from compositional isotemporal substitution models and traditional non-compositional isotemporal substitution models. Results Both compositional and traditional models estimated a positive (unfavourable) difference in body fat% when time was reallocated from MVPA to any other behaviour. Unlike traditional models, compositional models found the differences in estimated adiposity (1) were not necessarily symmetrical when an activity was being displaced, or displacing another (2) were not linearly related to the durations of time reallocated, and (3) varied depending on the starting composition. Conclusion The compositional isotemporal model caters for the constrained and therefore relative nature of activity behaviour data and enables all daily behaviours to be included in a single statistical model. The traditional model treats data as real variables, thus the constrained nature of time is not accounted for, nor reflected in the findings. Findings from compositional isotemporal substitution support the importance of MVPA to children’s health, and suggest that while interventions to increase MVPA may be of benefit, attention should be directed towards strategies to avoid decline in MVPA levels, particularly among already inactive children. Future applications of the compositional model can extend from pair-wise reallocations to other configurations of time-reallocation, for example, increasing MVPA at the expense of multiple other behaviours. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5207-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Tyman E Stanford
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,LBT Innovations, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Željko Pedišić
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Flinders University and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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