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Venn-Watson S, Schork NJ. Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0), an Essential Fatty Acid, Shares Clinically Relevant Cell-Based Activities with Leading Longevity-Enhancing Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:4607. [PMID: 37960259 PMCID: PMC10649853 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) is an essential odd-chain saturated fatty acid with broad activities relevant to protecting cardiometabolic, immune, and liver health. C15:0 activates AMPK and inhibits mTOR, both of which are core components of the human longevity pathway. To assess the potential for C15:0 to enhance processes associated with longevity and healthspan, we used human cell-based molecular phenotyping assays to compare C15:0 with three longevity-enhancing candidates: acarbose, metformin, and rapamycin. C15:0 (n = 36 activities in 10 of 12 cell systems) and rapamycin (n = 32 activities in 12 of 12 systems) had the most clinically relevant, dose-dependent activities. At their optimal doses, C15:0 (17 µM) and rapamycin (9 µM) shared 24 activities across 10 cell systems, including anti-inflammatory (e.g., lowered MCP-1, TNFα, IL-10, IL-17A/F), antifibrotic, and anticancer activities, which are further supported by previously published in vitro and in vivo studies. Paired with prior demonstrated abilities for C15:0 to target longevity pathways, hallmarks of aging, aging rate biomarkers, and core components of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, our results support C15:0 as an essential nutrient with activities equivalent to, or surpassing, leading longevity-enhancing candidate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Venn-Watson
- Epitracker Inc., San Diego, CA 92106, USA
- Seraphina Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92106, USA;
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Seraphina Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92106, USA;
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Sriragavi G, Sangeetha M, Santhakumar M, Lokesh E, Nithyalakshmi M, Saleel CA, Balagurunathan R. Exploring Antibacterial Properties of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Streptomyces sp. in Bamboo Rhizosphere Soil. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36333-36343. [PMID: 37810705 PMCID: PMC10552487 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concern over multidrug resistance in pathogens has led to an ongoing search for novel antibiotics derived from soil actinobacteria. In this current investigation, actinobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of bamboo plants collected within the Megamalai forest of the Western Ghats in the Theni zone of Tamil Nadu, India. These actinobacteria were subjected to characterization, and their growth conditions were optimized to enhance the production of bioactive compounds. To assess antibacterial properties, the isolated Actinobacteria underwent testing using the agar plug method. The strain exhibiting notable antibacterial activity underwent further characterization through 16s rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Employing response surface methodology (RSM), cultural conditions were fine-tuned. Bioactive compounds were extracted from the culture medium using ethyl acetate, and their antibacterial and antioxidant effects were evaluated through disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging methods, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed by using FT-IR and GC-MS techniques. In total, nine strains of Actinobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo. Among these, strain BS-16 displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against three strains: Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), Bacillus subtilis (12 mm), and Streptococcus pyogenes (10 mm). This strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. The optimal conditions for bioactive compound production were determined as follows: malt extract (10 g), yeast extract (5 g), dextrose (5 g), pH 6.5, and temperature 30 °C. After a 7-day incubation period, the results showed a 6% increase in production. The ethyl acetate fraction derived from strain BS-16 exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. FT-IR and GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of active compounds with antibacterial effects within the extract. Consequently, further investigation into the BS-16 strain holds promise for scaling up the production of bioactive compounds possessing antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Sriragavi
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Murthy Sangeetha
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munusamy Santhakumar
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Elumalai Lokesh
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohanam Nithyalakshmi
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chanduveetil Ahamed Saleel
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramasamy Balagurunathan
- Actinobacterial
Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamilnadu, India
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Mejía-Manzano LA, Vázquez-Villegas P, Prado-Cervantes LV, Franco-Gómez KX, Carbajal-Ocaña S, Sotelo-Cortés DL, Atehortúa-Benítez V, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Membrillo-Hernández J. Advances in Material Modification with Smart Functional Polymers for Combating Biofilms in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3021. [PMID: 37514410 PMCID: PMC10383963 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms as living microorganism communities are found anywhere, and for the healthcare sector, these constitute a threat and allied mechanism for health-associated or nosocomial infections. This review states the basis of biofilms and their formation. It focuses on their relevance for the biomedical sector, generalities, and the major advances in modified or new synthesized materials to prevent or control biofilm formation in biomedicine. Biofilm is conceptualized as an aggregate of cells highly communicated in an extracellular matrix, which the formation obeys to molecular and genetic basis. The biofilm offers protection to microorganisms from unfavorable environmental conditions. The most frequent genera of microorganisms forming biofilms and reported in infections are Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., and Candida spp. in implants, heart valves, catheters, medical devices, and prostheses. During the last decade, biofilms have been most commonly related to health-associated infections and deaths in Europe, the United States, and Mexico. Smart, functional polymers are materials capable of responding to diverse stimuli. These represent a strategy to fight against biofilms through the modification or synthesis of new materials. Polypropylene and poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide were used enough in the literature analysis performed. Even smart polymers serve as delivery systems for other substances, such as antibiotics, for biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Mejía-Manzano
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | - Patricia Vázquez-Villegas
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | | | | | - Susana Carbajal-Ocaña
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Membrillo-Hernández
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
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Venuti I, Ceruso M, D’Angelo C, Casillo A, Pepe T. Antimicrobial activity evaluation of pure compounds obtained from <em>Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis</em> against <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>: Preliminary results. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10320. [PMID: 35832041 PMCID: PMC9272078 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for a serious disease with a high mortality rate, particularly in vulnerable consumers. Recently, the scientific community has shown increasing attention to the search for new natural molecules with antimicrobial activity, aimed at preventing the spread of foodborne diseases. Extremophilic microorganisms, typical of extreme temperature environments, are a valuable source of these molecules. The present work aimed to study the antibacterial activity of four pure compounds derived from a molecule, the pentadecanal, produced by the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, against two different pathotypes of L. monocytogenes. Growth assays were performed in 96-well polystyrene plates with serial dilutions of the tested compounds at different concentrations (0.6, 0.3, 0.15, 0.07 mg/mL). The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h, with a spectrophotometric reading at OD 600 nm. Preliminary results of this study showed that pentadecanal inhibits the growth of L. monocytogenes, with a MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 0.6 mg/mL. Acetal, carboxylic acid, and ester did not demonstrate antibacterial activity at the concentrations tested. These findings suggest the possibility of using pentadecanal as a natural antibacterial to improve safety standards along the food supply chain.
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Al-Qurainy F, Tarroum M, Khan S, Nadeem M, Gaafar ARZ, Alansi S, Alfarraj NS. Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of Abrus precatorius: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:567. [PMID: 35214900 PMCID: PMC8877254 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abrus precatorius is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of A. precatorius were evaluated. The endangered A. precatorius was collected from the Al-Baha mountains, Saudi Arabia and identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of a DNA sequence amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The callus was induced by the culture of stem explants onto Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus with the highest fresh weight (2.03 g) was obtained in the medium containing 0.5µM BA and 5 µM 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture; thus, the callus of this combination was selected for the genome estimation and phytochemical compound extraction. The genetic stability of the leaves from the donor as well as in the regenerated callus was analyzed by flow cytometry with optimized tomato (2C = 1.96 pg) as an external reference standard. The 2C DNA content was estimated to 1.810 pg ± 0.008 and 1.813 pg ± 0.004 for the leaves and callus, respectively. Then, the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of the callus and leaves were measured using a spectrophotometer and the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the leaves was higher in total phenols and total flavonoids than the callus extract. Finally, the extracts of callus and leaves were analyzed for phytochemical compound through the Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 22 and 28 compounds were detected in the callus and leaves, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that 12 compounds of the secondary metabolites were present in both extracts.
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Galdiero E, Ricciardelli A, D'Angelo C, de Alteriis E, Maione A, Albarano L, Casillo A, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML, Parrilli E. Pentadecanoic acid against Candida albicans-Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm: towards the development of an anti-biofilm coating to prevent polymicrobial infections. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103880. [PMID: 34563667 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, which can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues and medical devices, resulting in infections highly resistant to conventional drugs. This aspect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria, therefore, to eradicate such severe infections, new and effective anti-biofilm strategies are needed. The efficacy of pentadecanal and pentadecanoic acid as anti-biofilm agents has been recently reported against different bacterial strains. Their chemical similarity with diffusible signal factors (DSFs), plus the already known ability of fatty acids to act as anti-biofilm agents, suggested to explore their use against Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae mixed biofilm. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of both molecules to prevent the formation and destabilize the structure of the dual-species biofilm. Moreover, the pentadecanoic acid anti-biofilm coating, previously developed through the adsorption of the fatty acid on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), was proved to prevent the polymicrobial biofilm formation in dynamic conditions by confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Finally, the evaluation of the expression levels of some biofilm-related genes of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae treated with pentadecanoic acid provided some insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning its anti-biofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - C D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - L Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy; Department of Marine Biothecnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - A Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - M M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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