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Czajka JJ, Han Y, Kim J, Mondo SJ, Hofstad BA, Robles A, Haridas S, Riley R, LaButti K, Pangilinan J, Andreopoulos W, Lipzen A, Yan J, Wang M, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Spatafora JW, Magnuson JK, Baker SE, Pomraning KR. Genome-scale model development and genomic sequencing of the oleaginous clade Lipomyces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1356551. [PMID: 38638323 PMCID: PMC11024372 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1356551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lipomyces clade contains oleaginous yeast species with advantageous metabolic features for biochemical and biofuel production. Limited knowledge about the metabolic networks of the species and limited tools for genetic engineering have led to a relatively small amount of research on the microbes. Here, a genome-scale metabolic model (GSM) of Lipomyces starkeyi NRRL Y-11557 was built using orthologous protein mappings to model yeast species. Phenotypic growth assays were used to validate the GSM (66% accuracy) and indicated that NRRL Y-11557 utilized diverse carbohydrates but had more limited catabolism of organic acids. The final GSM contained 2,193 reactions, 1,909 metabolites, and 996 genes and was thus named iLst996. The model contained 96 of the annotated carbohydrate-active enzymes. iLst996 predicted a flux distribution in line with oleaginous yeast measurements and was utilized to predict theoretical lipid yields. Twenty-five other yeasts in the Lipomyces clade were then genome sequenced and annotated. Sixteen of the Lipomyces species had orthologs for more than 97% of the iLst996 genes, demonstrating the usefulness of iLst996 as a broad GSM for Lipomyces metabolism. Pathways that diverged from iLst996 mainly revolved around alternate carbon metabolism, with ortholog groups excluding NRRL Y-11557 annotated to be involved in transport, glycerolipid, and starch metabolism, among others. Overall, this study provides a useful modeling tool and data for analyzing and understanding Lipomyces species metabolism and will assist further engineering efforts in Lipomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Czajka
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Yichao Han
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Mondo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Beth A. Hofstad
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - AnaLaura Robles
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert Riley
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - William Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Juying Yan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jon K. Magnuson
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Scott E. Baker
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kyle R. Pomraning
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- US Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
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2
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Wu T, Li J, Tian C. Fungal carboxylate transporters: recent manipulations and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5909-5922. [PMID: 37561180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids containing acidic groups with additional keto/hydroxyl-groups or unsaturated bond have displayed great applicability in the food, agricultural, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The traditional approach for carboxylate production through chemical synthesis is based on petroleum derivatives, resulting in concerns for the environmental complication and energy crisis, and increasing attention has been attracted to the eco-friendly and renewable bio-based synthesis for carboxylate production. The efficient and specific export of target carboxylic acids through the microbial membrane is essential for high productivity, yield, and titer of bio-based carboxylates. Therefore, understanding the characteristics, regulations, and efflux mechanisms of carboxylate transporters will efficiently increase industrial biotechnological production of carboxylic acids. Several transporters from fungi have been reported and used for improved synthesis of target products. The transport activity and substrate specificity are two key issues that need further improvement in the application of carboxylate transporters. This review presents developments in the structural and functional diversity of carboxylate transporters, focusing on the modification and regulation of carboxylate transporters to alter the transport activity and substrate specificity, providing new strategy for transporter engineering in constructing microbial cell factory for carboxylate production. KEY POINTS: • Structures of multiple carboxylate transporters have been predicted. • Carboxylate transporters can efficiently improve production. • Modification engineering of carboxylate transporters will be more popular in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taju Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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3
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Bi H, Xu C, Bao Y, Zhang C, Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Chen B, Fang Y, Tan T. Enhancing precursor supply and modulating metabolism to achieve high-level production of β-farnesene in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129171. [PMID: 37196740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
β-Farnesene is a sesquiterpene commonly found in essential oils of plants, with applications spanning from agricultural pest control and biofuels to industrial chemicals. The use of renewable substrates in microbial cell factories offers a sustainable approach to β-farnesene biosynthesis. In this study, malic enzyme from Mucor circinelloides was examined for NADPH regeneration, concomitant with the augmentation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply by expressing ATP-citrate lyase from Mus musculus and manipulating the citrate pathway via AMP deaminase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Carbon flux was modulated through the elimination of native 6-phosphofructokinase, while the incorporation of an exogenous non-oxidative glycolysis pathway served to bridge the pentose phosphate pathway with the mevalonate pathway. The resulting orthogonal precursor supply pathway facilitated β-farnesene production, reaching 810 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation. Employing optimal fermentation conditions and feeding strategy, a titer of 28.9 g/L of β-farnesene was attained in a 2 L bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Bi
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Bao
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
| | - Biqiang Chen
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yunming Fang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
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Alves J, Sousa-Silva M, Soares P, Sauer M, Casal M, Soares-Silva I. Structural characterization of the Aspergillus niger citrate transporter CexA uncovers the role of key residues S75, R192 and Q196. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2884-2898. [PMID: 37216016 PMCID: PMC10196274 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aspergillus niger CexA transporter belongs to the DHA1 (Drug-H+ antiporter) family. CexA homologs are exclusively found in eukaryotic genomes, and CexA is the sole citrate exporter to have been functionally characterized in this family so far. In the present work, we expressed CexA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrating its ability to bind isocitric acid, and import citrate at pH 5.5 with low affinity. Citrate uptake was independent of the proton motive force and compatible with a facilitated diffusion mechanism. To unravel the structural features of this transporter, we then targeted 21 CexA residues for site-directed mutagenesis. Residues were identified by a combination of amino acid residue conservation among the DHA1 family, 3D structure prediction, and substrate molecular docking analysis. S. cerevisiae cells expressing this library of CexA mutant alleles were evaluated for their capacity to grow on carboxylic acid-containing media and transport of radiolabeled citrate. We also determined protein subcellular localization by GFP tagging, with seven amino acid substitutions affecting CexA protein expression at the plasma membrane. The substitutions P200A, Y307A, S315A, and R461A displayed loss-of-function phenotypes. The majority of the substitutions affected citrate binding and translocation. The S75 residue had no impact on citrate export but affected its import, as the substitution for alanine increased the affinity of the transporter for citrate. Conversely, expression of CexA mutant alleles in the Yarrowia lipolytica cex1Δ strain revealed the involvement of R192 and Q196 residues in citrate export. Globally, we uncovered a set of relevant amino acid residues involved in CexA expression, export capacity and import affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - P. Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Sauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - I. Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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5
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Park YK, Ledesma-Amaro R. What makes Yarrowia lipolytica well suited for industry? Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:242-254. [PMID: 35940976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica possesses natural and engineered traits that make it a good host for the industrial bioproduction of chemicals, fuels, foods, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, academic and industrial researchers have assessed its potential, developed synthetic biology techniques, improved its features, scaled its processes, and identified its limitations. Both publications and patents related to Y. lipolytica have shown a drastic increase during the past decade. Here, we discuss the characteristics of this yeast that make it suitable for industry and the remaining challenges for its wider use at large scale. We present evidence herein that shows the importance and potential of Y. lipolytica in bioproduction such that it may soon be one of the preferred choices of industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyoung Park
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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6
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Erian AM, Egermeier M, Marx H, Sauer M. Insights into the glycerol transport of Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2022; 39:323-336. [PMID: 35348234 PMCID: PMC9311158 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes separate cells from the environment and hence, from molecules essential for their survival. To overcome this hurdle, cells developed specialized transport proteins for the transfer of metabolites across these membranes. Crucial metabolites that need to cross the membrane of each living organism, are the carbon sources. While many organisms prefer glucose as a carbon source, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica seems to favor glycerol over glucose. The fast growth of Y. lipolytica on glycerol and its flexible metabolism renders this yeast a fascinating organism to study the glycerol metabolism. Based on sequence similarities to the known fungal glycerol transporter ScStl1p and glycerol channel ScFps1p, ten proteins of Y. lipolytica were found that are potentially involved in glycerol uptake. To evaluate, which of these proteins is able to transport glycerol in vivo, a complementation assay with a glycerol transport‐deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed. Six of the ten putative transporters enabled the growth of S. cerevisiae stl1Δ on glycerol and thus, were confirmed as glycerol transporting proteins. Disruption of the transporters in Y. lipolytica abolished its growth on 25 g/L glycerol, but the individual expression of five of the identified glycerol transporters restored growth. Surprisingly, the transporter‐disrupted Y. lipolytica strain retained its ability to grow on high glycerol concentrations. This study provides insight into the glycerol uptake of Y. lipolytica at low glycerol concentrations through the characterization of six glycerol transporters and indicates the existence of further mechanisms active at high glycerol concentrations. Six proteins of Yarrowia lipolytica were identified as glycerol transporters. Two channel proteins and four active transporters facilitated glycerol uptake. Identified transporters are involved in glycerol uptake <25 g/L glycerol. Indication of further glycerol transporters in Y. lipolytica was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Erian
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Egermeier
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Sousa-Silva M, Soares P, Alves J, Vieira D, Casal M, Soares-Silva I. Uncovering Novel Plasma Membrane Carboxylate Transporters in the Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35049991 PMCID: PMC8779868 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii has great potential in the biotechnology industry due to its ability to produce a variety of compounds of interest, including carboxylic acids. In this work, we identified genes encoding carboxylate transporters from this yeast species. The functional characterization of sixteen plasma membrane carboxylate transporters belonging to the AceTr, SHS, TDT, MCT, SSS, and DASS families was performed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The newly identified C. jadinii transporters present specificity for mono-, di-, and tricarboxylates. The transporters CjAto5, CjJen6, CjSlc5, and CjSlc13-1 display the broadest substrate specificity; CjAto2 accepts mono- and dicarboxylates; and CjAto1,3,4, CjJen1-5, CjSlc16, and CjSlc13-2 are specific for monocarboxylic acids. A detailed characterization of these transporters, including phylogenetic reconstruction, 3D structure prediction, and molecular docking analysis is presented here. The properties presented by these transporters make them interesting targets to be explored as organic acid exporters in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Alves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel Vieira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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8
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Ferraz L, Sauer M, Sousa MJ, Branduardi P. The Plasma Membrane at the Cornerstone Between Flexibility and Adaptability: Implications for Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Cell Factory. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715891. [PMID: 34434179 PMCID: PMC8381377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, microbial-based biotechnological processes are paving the way toward sustainability as they implemented the use of renewable feedstocks. Nonetheless, the viability and competitiveness of these processes are often limited due to harsh conditions such as: the presence of feedstock-derived inhibitors including weak acids, non-uniform nature of the substrates, osmotic pressure, high temperature, extreme pH. These factors are detrimental for microbial cell factories as a whole, but more specifically the impact on the cell’s membrane is often overlooked. The plasma membrane is a complex system involved in major biological processes, including establishing and maintaining transmembrane gradients, controlling uptake and secretion, intercellular and intracellular communication, cell to cell recognition and cell’s physical protection. Therefore, when designing strategies for the development of versatile, robust and efficient cell factories ready to tackle the harshness of industrial processes while delivering high values of yield, titer and productivity, the plasma membrane has to be considered. Plasma membrane composition comprises diverse macromolecules and it is not constant, as cells adapt it according to the surrounding environment. Remarkably, membrane-specific traits are emerging properties of the system and therefore it is not trivial to predict which membrane composition is advantageous under certain conditions. This review includes an overview of membrane engineering strategies applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance its fitness under industrially relevant conditions as well as strategies to increase microbial production of the metabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Ferraz
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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9
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Agrimi G, Steiger MG. Metabolite transport and its impact on metabolic engineering approaches. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6120592. [PMID: 33501487 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Matthias G Steiger
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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