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Franklin J, Jankowski J. Recent advances in understanding and preventing oesophageal cancer. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32399195 PMCID: PMC7194479 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21971.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a common cancer that continues to have a poor survival. This is largely in part due to its late diagnosis and early metastatic spread. Currently, screening is limited to patients with multiple risk factors via a relatively invasive technique. However, there is a large proportion of patients diagnosed with oesophageal cancer who have not been screened. This has warranted the development of new screening techniques that could be implemented more widely and lead to earlier identification and subsequently improvements in survival rates. This article also explores progress in the surveillance of Barrett’s oesophagus, a pre-malignant condition for the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In recent years, advances in early endoscopic intervention have meant that more patients are considered at an earlier stage for potentially curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Franklin
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, Kings Mill Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, Kings Mill Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, NG17 4JL, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- University of Roehampton, London, UK
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2
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Moinova HR, LaFramboise T, Lutterbaugh JD, Chandar AK, Dumot J, Faulx A, Brock W, De la Cruz Cabrera O, Guda K, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Iyer PG, Canto MI, Wang JS, Shaheen NJ, Thota PN, Willis JE, Chak A, Markowitz SD. Identifying DNA methylation biomarkers for non-endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/424/eaao5848. [PMID: 29343623 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a biomarker-based non-endoscopic method for detecting Barrett's esophagus (BE) based on detecting methylated DNAs retrieved via a swallowable balloon-based esophageal sampling device. BE is the precursor of, and a major recognized risk factor for, developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Endoscopy, the current standard for BE detection, is not cost-effective for population screening. We performed genome-wide screening to ascertain regions targeted for recurrent aberrant cytosine methylation in BE, identifying high-frequency methylation within the CCNA1 locus. We tested CCNA1 DNA methylation as a BE biomarker in cytology brushings of the distal esophagus from 173 individuals with or without BE. CCNA1 DNA methylation demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.95 for discriminating BE-related metaplasia and neoplasia cases versus normal individuals, performing identically to methylation of VIM DNA, an established BE biomarker. When combined, the resulting two biomarker panel was 95% sensitive and 91% specific. These results were replicated in an independent validation cohort of 149 individuals who were assayed using the same cutoff values for test positivity established in the training population. To progress toward non-endoscopic esophageal screening, we engineered a well-tolerated, swallowable, encapsulated balloon device able to selectively sample the distal esophagus within 5 min. In balloon samples from 86 individuals, tests of CCNA1 plus VIM DNA methylation detected BE metaplasia with 90.3% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Combining the balloon sampling device with molecular assays of CCNA1 plus VIM DNA methylation enables an efficient, well-tolerated, sensitive, and specific method of screening at-risk populations for BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Moinova
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James D Lutterbaugh
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Apoorva Krishna Chandar
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John Dumot
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ashley Faulx
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wendy Brock
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Kishore Guda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marcia I Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jean S Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Prashanti N Thota
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joseph E Willis
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Wanchai V, Jin J, Bircan E, Eng C, Orloff M. Genome-wide tracts of homozygosity and exome analyses reveal repetitive elements with Barrets esophagus/esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:98. [PMID: 30871476 PMCID: PMC6419328 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE) is most commonly seen as the condition in which the normal squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus is replaced by goblet cells. Many studies show that BE is a predisposing factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a particularly lethal cancer. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to map BE/EAC genes has previously provided insufficient genetic information to fully characterize the heterogeneous nature of the disease. We therefore hypothesize that rigorous interrogation of other types of genomic changes, e.g. tracts of homozygosity (TOH), repetitive elements, and insertion/deletions, may provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of BE/EAC. RESULTS First, we used a case-control framework to identify TOHs by using SNPs and tested for association with BE/EAC. Second, we used a case only approach on a validation series of eight samples subjected to exome sequencing to identify repeat elements and insertion/deletions. Third, insertion/deletions and repeat elements identified in the exomes were then mapped onto genes in the significant TOH regions. Overall, 24 TOH regions were significantly differentially represented among cases, as compared to controls (adjusted-P = 0.002-0.039). Interestingly, four BE/EAC-associated genes within the TOH regions consistently showed insertions and deletions that overlapped across eight exomes. Predictive functional analysis identified NOTCH, WNT, and G-protein inflammation pathways that affect BE and EAC. CONCLUSIONS The integration of common TOHs (cTOHs) with repetitive elements, insertions, and deletions within exomes can help functionally prioritize factors contributing to low to moderate penetrance predisposition to BE/EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visanu Wanchai
- Arkansas Center for Genomic Epidemiology & Medicine and The Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Jing Jin
- The Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Emine Bircan
- The Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Mohammed Orloff
- The Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Lee SW, Lien HC, Chang CS, Lin MX, Chang CH, Ko CW. Benefits of the Seattle biopsy protocol in the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus in a Chinese population. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:753-758. [PMID: 30510939 PMCID: PMC6264992 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the benefits of the Seattle protocol in the diagnosis of Chinese individuals with Barrett’s esophagus.
METHODS Subjects enrolled were patients from one center with endoscopically-suspected esophageal metaplasia. These patients first received narrow-band imaging-targeted biopsy, and later, the Seattle protocol-guided biopsy, within a period from October 2012 to December 2014. Those cases without initial pathologic patterns of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and then appearance or loss of IM tissue were designated as Group A or B, respectively. Those with initial pathologic patterns of IM, which then persisted or were lost were designated as Group C or D, respectively.
RESULTS The number of cases for each group was as follows: A: 20, B: 78, C: 31 and D: 14. The distribution of the Prague criteria M levels of Group A was significantly higher than Group B (P = 0.174). Among these groups, Group C had the highest proportions of hiatus hernia (54.8%), long segment Barrett’s esophagus (29%), and also the highest Prague criteria M levels. The sensitivity of IM detection was 69.2% for the narrow-band imaging-targeted biopsy and 78.5% for the Seattle protocol-guided biopsy. The difference was not significant (P = 0.231). The number of detectable dysplasias increased from one case via the NBI-target biopsy to five cases via the Seattle protocol-guided biopsy, including one case of adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSION The Seattle protocol improved the IM detection in our subjects with higher Prague criteria M levels and disclosed more cases with dysplastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Wu Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Lien
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Xian Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wang Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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5
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Chetwood JD, Finch PJ, Kankwatira A, Mallewa J, Gordon MA, Masamba L. Five-year single-centre experience of carcinoma of the oesophagus from Blantyre, Malawi. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2018; 5:e000232. [PMID: 30397505 PMCID: PMC6203015 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing worldwide and has an exceptionally high prevalence in certain distinct geographical locations such as the African oesophageal SCC corridor. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence to characterise the disease particularly in the Malawian context. Method We retrospectively audited our endoscopy database over 5 years, including for patient demographics, endoscopy findings, therapeutic intervention and recommendations for treatment. Results 1586 patients with oesophageal cancer were identified from a total of 5882 endoscopy records from 2013 to 2017. Our cohort showed a larger proportion of oesophageal cancers found higher in the oesophagus compared with other African studies and a female preponderance in this upper-oesophagus disease subset though a male preponderance overall. 39% of patients with oesophageal cancer underwent bougie dilatation and 11% underwent palliative stent placement, which likely reflects local availability of resources. Conclusion This study validates the observation that OSCC predominates in sub-Saharan Africa in Malawi over other forms of oesophageal carcinoma, though our cohort appears to have subtly distinct demographics and disease-specific data. This highlights the need to prioritise preventative and therapeutic strategies for OSCC in this and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Peter J Finch
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jane Mallewa
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,World Gastroenterology Organisation International Training Centre, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Leo Masamba
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
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Gao S, Li S, Duan X, Gu Z, Ma Z, Yuan X, Feng X, Wang H. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) suppresses the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modifying STAT3 activity. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2301-2316. [PMID: 28574599 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although GSK3β has been reported to have contrasting effects on the progression of different tumors, it's possible functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the related molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression, function, and molecular mechanism of GSK3β in the development of ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Though the expression of total GSK3β was significantly increased, the phosphorylated (inactivated) form of GSK3β (Ser9) was concurrently decreased in the cancerous tissues of patients with ESCC compared with controls, suggesting that GSK3β activity was enhanced in cancerous tissues. Further pathological data analysis revealed that higher GSK3β expression was associated with poorer differentiation, higher metastasis rates, and worse prognosis of ESCC. These results were confirmed in different ESCC cell lines using a pharmacological inhibitor and specific siRNA to block GSK3β. Using a cancer phospho-antibody array, we found that STAT3 is a target of GSK3β. GSK3 inhibition reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, and overexpression of constitutively active GSK3β had the opposite effect. Moreover, STAT3 inhibition mimicked the effects of GSK3β inhibition on ESCC cell migration and viability, while overexpression of a plasmid encoding mutant STAT3 (Y705F) abrogated these effects, and these results were further substantiated by clinicopathological data. In addition, a GSK3 inhibitor (LiCl) and/or STAT3 inhibitor (WP-1066) efficiently suppressed the growth of ESCC cells in a xenograft tumor model. Altogether, these results reveal that higher GSK3β expression promotes ESCC progression through STAT3 in vitro and in vivo, and GSK3β-STAT3 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuoguo Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
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Levert-Mignon A, Bourke MJ, Lord SJ, Taylor AC, Wettstein AR, Edwards M, Botelho NK, Sonson R, Jayasekera C, Fisher OM, Thomas ML, Macrae F, Hussey DJ, Watson DI, Lord RV. Changes in gene expression of neo-squamous mucosa after endoscopic treatment for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus and intramucosal adenocarcinoma. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:13-20. [PMID: 28405317 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616650794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic therapy, including by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), is first line treatment for Barrett's esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or intramucosal cancer (IMC) and may be appropriate for some patients with low-grade dysplasia (LGD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular effects of endotherapy. METHODS mRNA expression of 16 genes significantly associated with different BE stages was measured in paired pre-treatment BE tissues and post-treatment neo-squamous biopsies from 36 patients treated by RFA (19 patients, 3 IMC, 4 HGD, 12 LGD) or EMR (17 patients, 4 IMC, 13 HGD). EMR was performed prior to RFA in eight patients. Normal squamous esophageal tissues were from 20 control individuals. RESULTS Endoscopic therapy resulted in significant change towards the normal squamous expression profile for all genes. The neo-squamous expression profile was significantly different to the normal control profile for 11 of 16 genes. CONCLUSION Endotherapy results in marked changes in mRNA expression, with replacement of the disordered BE dysplasia or IMC profile with a more "normal" profile. The neo-squamous mucosa was significantly different to the normal control squamous mucosa for most genes. The significance of this finding is uncertain but it may support continued endoscopic surveillance after successful endotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Levert-Mignon
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Bourke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lord
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew C Taylor
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony R Wettstein
- Diagnostic Endoscopy Centre, St Vincent's Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Edwards
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Natalia K Botelho
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sonson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Chatura Jayasekera
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver M Fisher
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa L Thomas
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Damian J Hussey
- Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park, SA, Australia; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park, SA, Australia; Flinders Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Reginald V Lord
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Research Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Diagnostic Endoscopy Centre, St Vincent's Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chen L, Huang XJ, Sun Y. Endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:51-58. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors in the world and China has the highest incidence and mortality rates. With the development of endoscopic techniques, the diagnosis rate of early esophageal carcinoma is greatly improved in recent years, and endoscopic techniques have been accepted as the first choice for diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma. This paper reviews endoscopic diagnosis methods, including chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, magnification endoscopy, fluorescence endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy, I-Scan, endocytoscopy, optical coherence tomography, three-dimensional endoscopic imaging, endoscopic capsule endoscopy, and elastic scattering spectroscopy.
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