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Efficacy of female rat models in translational cardiovascular aging research. J Aging Res 2014; 2014:153127. [PMID: 25610649 PMCID: PMC4294461 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Aging is a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Aging is a universal process that all humans undergo; however, research in aging is limited by cost and time constraints. Therefore, most research in aging has been done in primates and rodents; however it is unknown how well the effects of aging in rat models translate into humans. To compound the complication of aging gender has also been indicated as a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. This review addresses the systemic pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system associated with aging and gender for aging research with regard to the applicability of rat derived data for translational application to human aging.
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Fannin J, Rice KM, Thulluri S, Arvapalli RK, Wehner P, Blough ER. The Effects of Aging on Indices of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Female Fischer 344/Nnia X Brown Norway/BiNia Rat Heart. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2013; 7:113-21. [PMID: 24358061 PMCID: PMC3866772 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401307010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative-nitrosative stress may play a role in age-associated cardiovascular disease as implied by recent studies.However, limited research has been conducted using aged female rodent models. In this study, we examined hearts obtained from 6-, 26-, and 30-month old female Fischer 344/Nnia x Brown Norway/BiNia (F344xBN) rats in order to examine how aging affects levels of cardiac oxidative-nitrosative stress and apoptosis. Oxidative (superoxide anion and 4-HNE) and nitrosative (protein nitrosylation) stress markers were increased 180 ± 17 %, 110 ± 3 %, and 14 ± 2 %, respectively in 30-month hearts compared to the hearts of 6-month female rats. Coincident with these changes in oxidative-nitrosative stress, aging was also found to be associated with increases in the number of Tdt-mediated dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL)-positive cardiomyocytes, alterations in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and elevated cleavage of caspase-3. Regression analysis demonstrates significant correlation in the age-associated changes markers of oxidative–nitrosative stress with changes in apoptotic signaling. The findings from this descriptive study imply that age-associated increases in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis may be associated with the increase in oxidative-nitrosative stress in the aging F344xBN female heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fannin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA ; Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA
| | - Kevin M Rice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA ; Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA
| | - Srininvas Thulluri
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA
| | | | - Paulette Wehner
- Department of Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eric R Blough
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA ; Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Science Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington WV, USA
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3
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Wang K, Zhang J, Liu J, Tian J, Wu Y, Wang X, Quan L, Xu H, Wang W, Liu H. Variations in the protein level of Omi/HtrA2 in the heart of aged rats may contribute to the increased susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to ischemia/reperfusion injury and cell death : Omi/HtrA2 and aged heart injury. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:733-746. [PMID: 22535253 PMCID: PMC3636415 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survival after acute myocardial infarction is decreased in elderly patients. The enhanced rates of apoptosis in the aging heart exacerbate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We have recently demonstrated that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most potent endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, was decreased in aging rats' hearts. XIAP was balanced by two mitochondria proteins, Omi/HtrA2 and Smac/DIABLO. However, the implicative role of XIAP, Omi/HtrA2, and Smac/DIABLO to aging-related MI/R injury has not been previously investigated. In our study, male aging rats (20-24 months) or young adult rats (4-6 months) were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. MI/R-induced cardiac injury was enhanced in aging rats, as evidenced by aggravated cardiac dysfunction, enlarged infarct size, and increased myocardial apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase-3 activity). Then, the XIAP, Omi/HtrA2, and Smac/DIABLO protein and mRNA expression was detected. XIAP protein and mRNA expression was decreased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Meanwhile, myocardial XIAP protein expression was correlated to cardiac function after MI/R. However, Omi/HtrA2, but not Smac/DIABLO, expression was increased in aging hearts. Moreover, the translocation of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria to cytosol was increased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Treatment with ucf-101 (a novel and specific Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor) attenuated XIAP degradation and caspase-3 activity and exerted cardioprotective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrated that increased expression and leakage of Omi/HtrA2 enhanced MI/R injury in aging hearts via degrading XIAP and promoting myocardial apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Death/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 2
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/genetics
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Tian
- />Department of Pathophysiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- />Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Quan
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huirong Liu
- />Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, P.O. Box 907, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- />The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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Salas-Pérez F, Codner E, Valencia E, Pizarro C, Carrasco E, Pérez-Bravo F. MicroRNAs miR-21a and miR-93 are down regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with type 1 diabetes. Immunobiology 2012; 218:733-7. [PMID: 22999472 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well established that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. Controversial data exists regarding the differential control of the immune system in T1D patients compared to unaffected individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the control of gene expression (by negative regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level, by mediating translational repression or degradation of the mRNA targets). Their potential role in T cell activation and autoimmunity is controversial. AIM We investigated the expression profile of miR-21a and miR-93 in PMC samples of 20 T1D patients and 20 healthy controls by means of qPCR in different glucose concentrations (basal, 11 nM and 25 mM), and we analyzed the possible relationship of this expression pattern with autoimmunity. RESULTS MiR-21a was significantly underexpressed in T1D samples (media values expression 0.23 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) compared to controls (values less than 1 indicate a decrease in gene expression). When the PMCs were incubated with glucose 11 mM and 25 mM, miR-21a expression decreased in controls and increased in T1D samples (0.506 ± 0.05, p < 0.04). MiR-93 was underexpressed in T1D patients (0.331 ± 0.05, p < 0.02) compared to control samples. However, when the PBMCs were incubated with glucose, no changes were observed. No association with autoimmunity was observed. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that miRNAs have a differential expression in PBMCs from T1D patients compared to controls, suggesting that these miRNAs or others could be involved in T cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Picard M, Wright KJ, Ritchie D, Thomas MM, Hepple RT. Mitochondrial function in permeabilized cardiomyocytes is largely preserved in the senescent rat myocardium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43003. [PMID: 22912774 PMCID: PMC3415432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging heart is characterized by a progressive decline in contractile function and diastolic relaxation. Amongst the factors implicated in these changes is a progressive replacement fibrosis secondary to cardiomyocyte death, oxidative damage, and energetic deficit, each of which may be secondary to impaired mitochondrial function. Here, we performed an in-depth examination of mitochondrial function in saponin-permeabilized cardiomyocyte bundles, a preparation where all mitochondria are represented and their structure intact, from young adult (YA) and senescent (SEN) rats (n = 8 per group). When accounting for increased fibrosis (+19%, P<0.01) and proportional decrease in citrate synthase activity in the SEN myocardium (-23%, P<0.05), mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (H(2)O(2)) emission across a range of energized states was similar between age groups. Accordingly, the abundance of electron transport chain proteins was also unchanged. Likewise, except for CuZnSOD (-37%, P<0.05), the activity of antioxidant enzymes was unaltered with aging. Although time to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was decreased (-25%, P<0.05) in the SEN heart, suggesting sensitization to apoptotic stimuli, this was not associated with a difference in apoptotic index measured by ELISA. Collectively, our results suggest that the function of existing cardiac ventricular mitochondria is relatively preserved in SEN rat heart when measured in permeabilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Kinesiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathryn J. Wright
- Muscle & Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darmyn Ritchie
- Muscle & Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa M. Thomas
- Muscle & Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Russell T. Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Valcarcel-Ares MN, Gautam T, Warrington JP, Bailey-Downs L, Sosnowska D, de Cabo R, Losonczy G, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Disruption of Nrf2 signaling impairs angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells: implications for microvascular aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:821-9. [PMID: 22219515 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in preserving a healthy endothelial phenotype and maintaining the functional integrity of the vasculature. Previous studies demonstrated that aging is associated with Nrf2 dysfunction in endothelial cells, which alters redox signaling and likely promotes the development of large vessel disease. Much less is known about the consequences of Nrf2 dysfunction at the level of the microcirculation. To test the hypothesis that Nrf2 regulates angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells, we determined whether disruption of Nrf2 signaling (by siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 and overexpression of Keap1, the cytosolic repressor of Nrf2) impairs angiogenic processes in cultured human coronary arterial endothelial cells stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. In the absence of functional Nrf2, coronary arterial endothelial cells exhibited impaired proliferation and adhesion to vitronectin and collagen. Disruption of Nrf2 signaling also reduced cellular migration (measured by a wound-healing assay using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing technology) and impaired the ability of coronary arterial endothelial cells to form capillary-like structures. Collectively, we find that Nrf2 is essential for normal endothelial angiogenic processes, suggesting that Nrf2 dysfunction may be a potential mechanism underlying impaired angiogenesis and microvascular rarefaction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Age-dependent dystrophin loss and genetic reconstitution establish a molecular link between dystrophin and heart performance during aging. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1821-5. [PMID: 21730971 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging-related decline in cardiac function is an important public health problem. The molecular basis of age-dependent loss of cardiac function is largely unknown and there are no effective therapies addressing this important form of heart disease. This study evaluates the role of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin in the process of normal cardiac aging. Here, we show that the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin in the hearts of old mice is significantly decreased to a level of 36% that of young mice, whereas other key members of the dystrophin complex are unchanged. Age-dependent decreased ejection fraction was rescued by systemic delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector harboring a functional micro-dystrophin cassette (48.9 ± 2.5% in untreated aged vs. 61.6 ± 7.4% in treated aged mice, compared to 67.1 ± 2.6% in young mice). These data provide the first direct evidence that decreased dystrophin levels are an important modulator of cardiac function in the aged heart.
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8
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Al-Rousan RM, Rice KM, Katta A, Laurino J, Walker EM, Wu M, Triest WE, Blough ER. Deferasirox protects against iron-induced hepatic injury in Mongolian gerbil. Transl Res 2011; 157:368-77. [PMID: 21575921 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with an increased risk of liver complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Deferasirox is a new oral chelator with high iron-binding potency and selectivity. Here we investigate the ability of deferasirox to remove excessive hepatic iron and prevent iron-induced hepatic injury. Adult male Mongolian gerbils were divided into 3 groups (n=5/group)-control, iron overload (100 mg iron-dextran/kg body weight/5 days; intraperitoneal for 10 weeks), and iron overload followed by deferasirox treatment (100 mg deferasirox/kg body weight/d; pulse oral for 1 or 3 months). Compared with the nontreated iron overload group, deferasirox reduced hepatic iron concentration by 44% after 3 months of treatment (P<0.05). Histological analysis of hepatic tissue from the iron overloaded group detected frequent iron deposition, evidence of hepatic damage, and an accumulation of lipid vacuoles. Iron deposition was significantly diminished with deferasirox treatment, and no evidence of lipid accumulation was observed. Immunoblotting demonstrated that iron overload caused approximately 2-fold increase in hepatic ferritin expression (P<0.05), which was 48% lower after 3 months of deferasirox treatment (P<0.05). Deferasirox treatment also was associated with reduced hepatic protein oxidation, superoxide abundance, and cell death. The percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells in the deferasirox-treated livers was 41% lower than that of iron overloaded group (P<0.05). Similarly, an iron-related increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl2, Bad, and caspase-3 were significantly lower after deferasirox treatment. These findings suggest that deferasirox may confer protection against iron-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa M Al-Rousan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV, USA
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Chronic acetaminophen attenuates age-associated increases in cardiac ROS and apoptosis in the Fischer Brown Norway rat. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 105:535-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-010-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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