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Ravikumaran KS, King RM, Notaro A, Molinaro A, de Castro C, Wilson JC, Grice ID, Peak IR. Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes, and structural characterisation of oligosaccharide from M. ovis 354T. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109043. [PMID: 38281396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Moraxella ovis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from sheep conjunctivitis cases and is a rare isolate of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). This species is closely related to M. bovoculi, another species which can also be isolated from IBK, or cattle upper respiratory tract (URT). Prior to molecular identification techniques, M. bovoculi was frequently misclassified as M. ovis. We previously described the structure of two oligosaccharides (lipooligosaccharide-derived, minor and major glycoforms) from M. bovoculi 237T (type strain, also ATCC BAA-1259T). Here, we have identified the genetic loci for lipooligosaccharide synthesis in M. ovis 354T (NCTC11227) and compared it with M. bovoculi 237T. We identified genes encoding the known glycosyltransferases Lgt6 and Lgt3 in M.ovis. These genes are conserved in Moraxella spp., including M bovoculi. We identified three further putative OS biosynthesis genes that are restricted to M. ovis and M. bovoculi. These encode enzymes predicted to function as GDP-mannose synthases, namely a mannosyltransferase and a glycosyltransferase. Adding insight into the genetic relatedness of M.ovis and M. bovoculi, the M. ovis genes have higher similarity to those in M. bovoculi genotype 2 (nasopharyngeal isolates from asymptomatic cattle), than to M. bovoculi genotype 1 (isolates from eyes of IBK-affected cattle). Sequence analysis confirmed that the predicted mannosyltransferase in M. bovoculi 237T is interrupted by a C>T polymorphism. This mutation is not present in other M. bovoculi strains sequenced to date. We isolated and characterised LOS-derived oligosaccharide from M. ovis 354T. GLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy data revealed a heptasaccharide structure with three β-D-Glcp residues attached as branches to the central 3,4,6-α-D-Glcp, with subsequent attachment to Kdo. This inner core arrangement is consistent with the action of Lgt6 and Lgt3 glycosyltransferases. Two α-D-Manp residues are linearly attached to the 4-linked β-D-Glcp, consistent with the presence of the two identified glycosyltransferases. This oligosaccharide structure is consistent with the previously reported minor glycoform isolated from M. bovoculi 237T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosala S Ravikumaran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Rebecca M King
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Anna Notaro
- Dipartmento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartmento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina de Castro
- Dipartmento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - I Darren Grice
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Ian R Peak
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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Grice ID, Peak IR, Dawood WA, King RM, Ravikumaran KS, Speciale I, Molinaro A, de Castro C, Wilson JC. Structural characterisation of the oligosaccharide from Moraxella bovoculi type strain 237 (ATCC BAA-1259) lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108293. [PMID: 33839496 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovoculi is associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), colloquially known as 'pink-eye'. IBK is an extremely contagious ocular disease of cattle. We report here the structure of the oligosaccharide derived from the lipooligosaccharide from M. bovoculi type strain 237 (also known as ATCC BAA-1259T). GLC-MS and correlation NMR analysis of the oligosaccharide revealed 5 sugar residues, with a notable central branched 3,4,6-α-D-Glcp. An additional α-D-Manp was present ~30% on the sub-terminal α-D-Manp of the 4-linked branch. This oligosaccharide structure was consistent with other members of the Moraxellaceae where no heptose was present and 5-linked Kdo was directly attached to the central 3,4,6-α-D-Glcp.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ian R Peak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Wisam A Dawood
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Rebecca M King
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Kosala S Ravikumaran
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina de Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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Faglin I, Grice ID, Ratnayake SRAME, Daal T, Singh S, Wilson JC, Peak IR. Identification and characterisation of a biosynthetic locus for Moraxella bovis lipo-oligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2016; 421:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Frank M, Collins PM, Peak IR, Grice ID, Wilson JC. An Unusual Carbohydrate Conformation is Evident in Moraxella catarrhalis Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2015; 20:14234-53. [PMID: 26251889 PMCID: PMC6332130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharide structures derived from the lipooligosaccharide of M. catarrhalis show that the highly branched glucose-rich inner core of the oligosaccharide has an altered conformation compared to the most truncated tetra-glucose-Kdo lgt1/4Δ oligosaccharide structure. Addition of one residue each to the (1-4) and (1-6) chains to give the lgt2Δ oligosaccharide is the minimum requirement for this conformational change to occur. Extensive molecular modeling and NMR investigations have shown that the (1-3), (1-4), and (1-6) glycosidic linkages from the central α-d-Glcp have significantly altered conformational preferences between the two structures. For the lgt1/4Δ oligosaccharide the (1-3) and (1-4) linkage populates predominantly the syn minimum on the conformational free energy map and for the (1-6) linkage conformational flexibility is observed, which is supported by 1H-NMR T1 measurements. For the lgt2Δ oligosaccharide the unusual “(1-4)anti-ψ(1-6)gg” conformation, which could be confirmed by long-range NOE signals, is a dominant conformation in which the oligosaccharide is very compact with the terminal α-d-GlcNAc residue folding back towards the center of the molecule leading to an extensive intra-molecular hydrophobic interaction between the terminal residues. Comparing effective H-H distances, which were calculated for conformational sub-ensembles, with the NOE distances revealed that typically multiple conformations could be present without significantly violating the measured NOE restraints. For lgt2Δ the presence of more than one conformation is supported by the NOE data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, Generatorsgatan 1, 41705 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Patrick M Collins
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ian R Peak
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222 Queensland, Australia.
| | - I Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- Menzies Health Institute and School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222 Queensland, Australia.
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De Castro C, Grice ID, Daal T, Peak IR, Molinaro A, Wilson JC. Elucidation of the structure of the oligosaccharide from wild type Moraxella bovis Epp63 lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2014; 388:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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de Vries SPW, Rademakers RJA, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Eleveld MJ, Hermans PWM, Bootsma HJ. Deciphering the genetic basis ofMoraxella catarrhaliscomplement resistance: a critical role for the disulphide bond formation system. Mol Microbiol 2013; 91:522-37. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. W. de Vries
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. A. Rademakers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc J. Eleveld
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Peter W. M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hester J. Bootsma
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Murphy TF, Chonmaitree T, Barenkamp S, Kyd J, Nokso-Koivisto J, Patel JA, Heikkinen T, Yamanaka N, Ogra P, Swords WE, Sih T, Pettigrew MM. Panel 5: Microbiology and immunology panel. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E64-89. [PMID: 23536533 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812459636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from January 2007 through June 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Three subpanels with co-chairs comprising experts in the virology, bacteriology, and immunology of otitis media were formed. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a second draft was created. The entire panel met at the 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2011 and discussed the review and refined the content further. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by the panel. CONCLUSION Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing an understanding of the microbiology and immunology of otitis media. Advances include laboratory-based basic studies, cell-based assays, work in animal models, and clinical studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The advances of the past 4 years formed the basis of a series of short-term and long-term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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Luke-Marshall NR, Edwards KJ, Sauberan S, St Michael F, Vinogradov EV, Cox AD, Campagnari AA. Characterization of a trifunctional glucosyltransferase essential for Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1013-21. [PMID: 23720461 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory tract pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis expresses lipooligosaccharides (LOS), glycolipid surface moieties that are associated with enhanced colonization and virulence. Recent studies have delineated the major steps required for the biosynthesis and assembly of the M. catarrhalis LOS molecule. We previously demonstrated that the glucosyltransferase enzyme Lgt3 is responsible for the addition of at least one glucose (Glc) molecule, at the β-(1-4) position, to the inner core of the LOS molecule. Our data further suggested a potential multifunctional role for Lgt3 in LOS biosynthesis. The studies reported here demonstrate that the Lgt3 enzyme possesses two glycosyltransferase domains (A1 and A2) similar to that of other bifunctional glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in surface polysaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pyogenes. Each Lgt3 domain contains a conserved DXD motif, shown to be involved in the catalytic activity of other glycosyltransferases. To determine the function of each domain, A1 (N-terminal), A2 (C-terminal) and double A1A2 site-directed DAD to AAA mutants were constructed and the resulting LOS phenotypes of these modified strains were analyzed. Our studies indicate that the Lgt3 N-terminal A1 catalytic domain is responsible for the addition of the first β-(1-3) Glc to the first Glc on the inner core. The C-terminal catalytic domain A2 then adds the β-(1-4) Glc and the β-(1-6) Glc, confirming the bifunctional nature of this domain. The results from these experiments demonstrate that Lgt3 is a novel, multifunctional transferase responsible for the addition of three Glcs with differing linkages onto the inner core of M. catarrhalis LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Luke-Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Pearson AG, Peak IR, Wilson JC, Grice ID. Synthesis of a novel pentasaccharide core component from the lipooligosaccharide of Moraxella catarrhalis. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2805-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Luke NR, Sauberan SL, Russo TA, Beanan JM, Olson R, Loehfelm TW, Cox AD, St Michael F, Vinogradov EV, Campagnari AA. Identification and characterization of a glycosyltransferase involved in Acinetobacter baumannii lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2017-23. [PMID: 20194587 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00016-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, there have been few investigations describing the factors important for A. baumannii persistence and pathogenesis. This paper describes the first reported identification of a glycosyltransferase, LpsB, involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in A. baumannii. Mutational, structural, and complementation analyses indicated that LpsB is a core oligosaccharide glycosyl transferase. Using a genetic approach, lpsB was compared with the lpsB homologues of several A. baumannii strains. These analyses indicated that LpsB is highly conserved among A. baumannii isolates. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody 13C11, which reacts to an LPS core epitope expressed by approximately one-third of the A. baumannii clinical isolates evaluated to date. Previous studies describing the heterogeneity of A. baumannii LPS were limited primarily to structural analyses; therefore, studies evaluating the correlation between these surface glycolipids and pathogenesis were warranted. Our data from an evaluation of LpsB mutant 307::TN17, which expresses a deeply truncated LPS glycoform consisting of only two 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid residues and lipid A, suggest that A. baumannii LPS is important for resistance to normal human serum and confers a competitive advantage for survival in vivo. These results have important implications for the role of LPS in A. baumannii infections.
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Schwingel JM, Edwards KJ, Cox AD, Masoud H, Richards JC, St Michael F, Tekwe CD, Sethi S, Murphy TF, Campagnari AA. Use of Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide mutants to identify specific oligosaccharide epitopes recognized by human serum antibodies. Infect Immun 2009; 77:4548-58. [PMID: 19651870 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00294-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a causative agent of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This strict human pathogen continues to be a significant cause of disease in this broad spectrum of patients because there is no available vaccine. Although numerous putative vaccine antigens have been described, little is known about the human immune response to M. catarrhalis infection in vivo. Human serum antibodies are directed at a number of surface proteins, and lipooligosaccharides (LOS) and detoxified LOS may be an effective immunogen in mice. In this study, we used a specific LOS-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), containing the three major M. catarrhalis serotypes together with a complete series of truncated LOS mutants, to detect the development of new antibodies to specific regions of the oligosaccharide molecule. We compared serum samples from COPD patients who had recently cleared an M. catarrhalis infection to serum samples collected prior to their infection. Variability in the antibody response to LOS was observed, as some patients developed serotype-specific antibodies, others developed antibodies to the LOS of each serotype, others developed broadly cross-reactive antibodies, and some did not develop new antibodies. These newly developed human antibodies are directed at both side chains and core structures in the LOS molecule. This LOS-based ELISA can be used to dissect the human antibody response to both internal and external carbohydrate epitopes, thus providing a better understanding of the humoral immune response to M. catarrhalis LOS epitopes developed during natural infection.
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Gao S, Peng D, Zhang W, Muszyński A, Carlson RW, Gu XX. Identification of two late acyltransferase genes responsible for lipid A biosynthesis in Moraxella catarrhalis. FEBS J 2008; 275:5201-14. [PMID: 18795947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A is a biological component of the lipo-oligosaccharide of a human pathogen, Moraxella catarrhalis. No other acyltransferases except for UDP-GlcNAc acyltransferase, responsible for lipid A biosynthesis in M. catarrhalis, have been identified. By bioinformatics, two late acyltransferase genes, lpxX and lpxL, responsible for lipid A biosynthesis were identified, and knockout mutants of each gene in M. catarrhalis strain O35E were constructed and named O35ElpxX and O35ElpxL. Structural analysis of lipid A from the parental strain and derived mutants showed that O35ElpxX lacked two decanoic acids (C10:0), whereas O35ElpxL lacked one dodecanoic (lauric) acid (C12:0), suggesting that lpxX encoded decanoyl transferase and lpxL encoded dodecanoyl transferase. Phenotypic analysis revealed that both mutants were similar to the parental strain in their toxicity in vitro. However, O35ElpxX was sensitive to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and hydrophobic reagents. It had a reduced growth rate in broth and an accelerated bacterial clearance at 3 h (P < 0.01) or 6 h (P < 0.05) after an aerosol challenge in a murine model of bacterial pulmonary clearance. O35ElpxL presented similar patterns to those of the parental strain, except that it was slightly sensitive to the hydrophobic reagents. These results indicate that these two genes, particularly lpxX, encoding late acyltransferases responsible for incorporation of the acyloxyacyl-linked secondary acyl chains into lipid A, are important for the biological activities of M. catarrhalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Vaccine Research Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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