1
|
Allai FM, Junaid PM, Azad Z, Gul K, Dar B, Siddiqui SA, Manuel Loenzo J. Impact of moisture content on microstructural, thermal, and techno-functional characteristics of extruded whole-grain-based breakfast cereal enriched with Indian horse chestnut flour. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100959. [PMID: 38144831 PMCID: PMC10739762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-conventional seed flour is of interest in obtaining healthy breakfast cereals. The research aimed to study the physico-functional, bioactive, microstructure, and thermal characteristics of breakfast cereals using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimeter. The increase in feed moisture content (16 %) enhanced the bulk density (5.24 g/mL), water absorption index (7.76 g/g), total phenolic content (9.03 mg GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (30.36 %) having desirable expansion rate (2.84 mm), water solubility index (48 %), and color attributes. The microstructure showed dense inner structures with closed air cells in extruded flours. Extrusion treatment rearranged the crystalline structure from A-type to V-type by disrupting the granular structure of starch, reducing its crystallinity, and promoting the formation of an amylose-lipid complex network. Increasing conditioning moisture enhanced the degree of gelatinization (%), peak gelatinization temperature (Tp), and starch crystallinity (%) and reduced the gelatinization enthalpy (ΔHG) and gelatinization temperature ranges. The results reported in this study will help industries to develop innovative and novel food products containing functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Mehraj Allai
- Department Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Aligarh Muslim University, UP, India
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
| | - Pir Mohammad Junaid
- Department Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Aligarh Muslim University, UP, India
| | - Z.R.A.A. Azad
- Department Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Aligarh Muslim University, UP, India
| | - Khalid Gul
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - B.N. Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Loenzo
- CentroTecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas 32900, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sub-Saharan Africa Freshwater Fisheries under Climate Change: A Review of Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Measures. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa’s freshwater fisheries contribute significantly to the livelihoods and food security of millions of people within the region. However, freshwater fisheries are experiencing multiple anthropogenic stressors such as overfishing, illegal fishing, pollution, and climate change. There is a substantial body of literature on the effects of climate change on freshwater fisheries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study reviews the existing literature and highlights the effects of climate change on freshwater fisheries, the adaptation strategies of fishery-dependent households in response to the effects, and fisheries’ management and mitigation efforts in the face of climate change. The general effects of climate change on freshwater environments include warming water temperatures, increased stratification, modified hydrological processes, and increased pollutants. These effects adversely affect the physiological processes of fish and the overall wellbeing of fishery-dependent people. To cope with the effects of fluctuating fishery resources due to climate change, fishery-dependent people have adopted several adaptation strategies including livelihood diversification, changing their fishing gear, increasing their fishing efforts, and targeting new species. Several management attempts have been made to enhance the sustainability of fishery resources, from local to regional levels. This study recommends the participation of the resource users in the formulation of policies aimed at promoting climate change adaptation and the resilience of freshwater fisheries for sustainable development.
Collapse
|