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Segawa I, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Ssebambulidde K, Muwonge TR, Oriokot L, Ojiambo KO, Mujugira A. Factors associated with HIV self-testing among female university students in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36457098 PMCID: PMC9713199 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at institutions of higher learning are at high risk of HIV, and conventional HIV testing services may not reach them sufficiently. HIV self-testing (HIVST) scalability can be informed by identifying AGYW who have used or are interested in using HIVST. We aimed to determine factors associated with use and willingness to use HIVST among female university students. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 483 female students at Makerere University, Uganda. Proportions of students who have used or are willing to use HIVST and their associated factors were determined. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The median age of the participants was 22 (Interquartile range [IQR] 21-23) years, and 21% had never tested for HIV. Over 93% were willing to utilize HIVST, and 19% had ever used HIV self-test kits. Increasing age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.23 per year, 95% CI 1.07-1.43) was significantly associated with HIVST use. Predictors of willingness to self-test for HIV were college type (arts vs. science-based, aPR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97), number of sexual partners (one, aPR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12 or ≥ 2, aPR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.19, vs. none), alcohol (aPR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09) or injection drug (aPR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) use, a history of sexually transmitted infections in past 12 months (aPR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), and HIV testing experience (tested in past 12 months, aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22 or over 12 months, aPR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24, vs. never tested). CONCLUSION HIVST was highly acceptable despite its limited use. This study demonstrates female student characteristics that can be leveraged to scale up HIVST programs in higher institutions of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Segawa
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Ssebambulidde
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Timothy R. Muwonge
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lorraine Oriokot
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kevin Ouma Ojiambo
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda ,The Campbell Collaboration, Oslo, USA
| | - Andrew Mujugira
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Dey NEY, Owusu Ansah K, Norman QA, Manukure JM, Brew ABK, Dey EA, Agbadi P. HIV Testing among sexually active Ghanaians: an examination of the rural-urban correlates. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:4063-4081. [PMID: 35704123 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV testing is critical in reducing the risk of HIV transmission. We investigated the rural-urban correlates of HIV testing amongst sexually active Ghanaians using data from the 2017/2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Six (GMICS 6). Robust Poisson models (reporting Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (APR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)) were used to achieve this aim. About 46% of the participants had ever tested for HIV. According to the results, approximately 52% and 39% of urban and rural dwellers, respectively, have undergone HIV testing. HIV knowledge, HIV stigma, gender, age, education, marital status, childbirth history, sexual history, health insurance coverage, media exposure, household wealth, and region of residence were significantly related to HIV testing with observed variations across rural-urban areas. The findings call for the expansion of advocacy efforts towards encouraging HIV testing, targeting sexually active Ghanaians particularly in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Enam Amen Dey
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, SAR, Hong Kong
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Predictors of HIV Testing among Orphaned Youths in Three East African Countries. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1257-1266. [PMID: 33196939 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is high, HIV is a leading cause of death among youths. Orphaned and separated youths are an especially vulnerable group, yet we know little about what influences their testing behavior. We conducted multiple logistical regression to examine theory-based predictors of past-year HIV testing among 423 orphaned and separated youths in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. We also conducted moderation, assessing whether predictors varied by sex. Over one-third of our sample reported past-year HIV testing. Those with greater perceived social support and those who reported sexual HIV risk behavior were more likely to report past-year testing. Furthermore, boys who reported ever previously testing for HIV were more likely, a year later, to report past-year HIV testing. In conclusion, our findings have important implications for intervention development, including the potential for enhanced perceived social support to positively influence HIV testing among orphaned and separated youths.
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Schaefer R, Thomas R, Maswera R, Kadzura N, Nyamukapa C, Gregson S. Relationships between changes in HIV risk perception and condom use in East Zimbabwe 2003-2013: population-based longitudinal analyses. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:756. [PMID: 32448365 PMCID: PMC7245904 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceiving a personal risk for HIV infection is considered important for engaging in HIV prevention behaviour and often targeted in HIV prevention interventions. However, there is limited evidence for assumed causal relationships between risk perception and prevention behaviour and the degree to which change in behaviour is attributable to change in risk perception is poorly understood. This study examines longitudinal relationships between changes in HIV risk perception and in condom use and the public health importance of changing risk perception. METHODS Data on sexually active, HIV-negative adults (15-54 years) were taken from four surveys of a general-population open-cohort study in Manicaland, Zimbabwe (2003-2013). Increasing condom use between surveys was modelled in generalised estimating equations dependent on change in risk perception between surveys. Accounting for changes in other socio-demographic and behavioural factors, regression models examined the bi-directional relationship between risk perception and condom use, testing whether increasing risk perception is associated with increasing condom use and whether increasing condom use is associated with decreasing risk perception. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated. RESULTS One thousand, nine hundred eighty-eight males and 3715 females participated in ≥2 surveys, contributing 8426 surveys pairs. Increasing risk perception between two surveys was associated with higher odds of increasing condom use (males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-2.28, PAF = 3.39%; females: aOR = 1.41 [1.06-1.88], PAF = 6.59%), adjusting for changes in other socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Those who decreased risk perception were also more likely to increase condom use (males: aOR = 1.76 [1.12-2.78]; females: aOR = 1.23 [0.93-1.62]) compared to those without change in risk perception. CONCLUSIONS Results on associations between changing risk perception and increasing condom use support hypothesised effects of risk perception on condom use and effects of condom use on risk perception (down-adjusting risk perception after adopting condom use). However, low proportions of change in condom use were attributable to changing risk perception, underlining the range of factors influencing HIV prevention behaviour and the need for comprehensive approaches to HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schaefer
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Ranjeeta Thomas
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Noah Kadzura
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Constance Nyamukapa
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Simon Gregson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Jorjoran Shushtari Z, Hosseini SA, Sajjadi H, Salimi Y, Shahesmaeili A, Snijders TA. HIV risk perception and sexual behaviors among female sex workers in Tehran, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:101. [PMID: 31934561 PMCID: PMC6946931 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An adequate perception of the degree to which one is at risk of having or contracting HIV is necessary for behavioural change and the adoption of safe behaviours. There are limited data regarding HIV risk perceptions among female sex workers in Iran. This study aimed to determine the HIV risk perception status and its association with sexual behaviours among female sex workers in Tehran. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 female sex workers in Tehran. Participants were recruited using a combination of snowball, purposeful, and convenience sampling methods. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify adjusted associations between background factors, sexual behaviours, and HIV risk perception. The analysis was conducted by the "logistf" package in the R statistical system. P-value less than .05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, 122 (77%) reported high HIV risk perception. Most female sex workers with high HIV risk perception reported that they did not consistently use condoms (n=120, 98%. Female sex workers with a higher frequency of sex work (AOR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.31), inconsistent condom use (AOR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.66), a history of HIV testing (AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 26.0), and low HIV knowledge (AOR=0.97, 95% CI=0.95, 0.996) were more likely to report high HIV risk perception. Conclusion: Most female sex workers with risky sexual behaviours had a high HIV risk perception. Effective educational programs are suggested to enable female sex workers to correctly assess their own HIV risk and change risk behaviors based on self-assessment of actual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Sajjadi
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Armita Shahesmaeili
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tom A.B. Snijders
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, 9712 TG Groningen, Netherlands
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, OX1 1NF Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dizechi S, Brody C, Tuot S, Chhea C, Saphonn V, Yung K, Kim S, Yi S. Youth paying for sex: what are the associated factors? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Cambodia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:113. [PMID: 29310630 PMCID: PMC5759259 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At-risk male youth in Cambodia who purchase sex are at greater risk for HIV compared to the general population. Factors associated with paying for sex among youth are poorly studied, both globally and in Cambodia. This study aimed to identify specific factors associated with transactional sex with women among most-at-risk male youth in Cambodia. METHODS This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 405 sexually active male youth aged 16-24 recruited at 'hotspots' in the capital city of Phnom Penh and seven provinces. We collected data on demographic factors, sexual behaviors, HIV testing and other potential factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with transactional sex. RESULTS In total, this study included 405 male youth with a mean age of 21.3 (SD = 2.2). Of the total respondents, 82.5% (n = 334) have ever paid for sex. After controlling for potential confounding, participants who purchased sex in the last 12 months remained significantly more likely to be older than 18 (AOR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.26-10.62), reside in an urban area (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.24-4.20), never have been married (AOR = 9.58, 95% CI = 4.34-21.12), spend less than 2.55 USD per day (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.12-4.40), and have had more than 4.6 sexual partners in the past year (AOR = 16.73, 95% CI = 4.71-59.36). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the high proportion of Cambodian male youth who paid for sex and the potential challenges to addressing this issue. While the majority of HIV prevention interventions surrounding sex work are aimed at female sex workers themselves, targeting the demand side of sex work, particularly the local demand, may be an important next step towards a sustainable HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soaman Dizechi
- Center for Global Health Research, College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, USA
| | - Carinne Brody
- Center for Global Health Research, College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, USA
| | - Sovannary Tuot
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, No 33, Street 71, Tonle Bassac, Chamka Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | - Kunthearith Yung
- Department of School Health, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sanh Kim
- Department of School Health, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Siyan Yi
- Center for Global Health Research, College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, USA. .,KHANA Center for Population Health Research, No 33, Street 71, Tonle Bassac, Chamka Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Appiah AB, Tenkorang EY, Maticka-Tyndale E. Modeling Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intentions of Condom Use Among Secondary School Students in Kenya. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1949-1960. [PMID: 28451836 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, youth in Kenya report low rates of condom use. Although several studies have explored reasons for the low condom use among Kenyan youth, not many have established linkages between lack of use and normative beliefs and attitudes around condoms. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this article examined whether beliefs and attitudes around condoms influenced intentions and actual condom use. Data for the study were restricted to 1453 sexually active youth during the last school break. Path analysis was used to examine the relationship between the TPB constructs and condom use among Kenyan youth. Results indicated a direct relationship between attitudes and condom use for male respondents and an indirect relationship between these two variables for females. Both males and females who expressed greater intentions to use condoms were significantly more likely to report they used condoms consistently. Also, male and female youth with higher perceived behavioral control were significantly more likely to have used condoms consistently. Males with friends who used condoms were significantly more likely to use condoms consistently. The findings suggest the importance of examining young people's attitudes toward condoms-in particular, those deeply rooted in misconceptions that serve to discourage safer sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Appiah
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Eric Y Tenkorang
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Eleanor Maticka-Tyndale
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Accuracy and determinants of perceived HIV risk among young women in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28732496 PMCID: PMC5520344 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV risk perceptions are a key determinant of HIV testing. The success of efforts to achieve an AIDS-free generation - including reaching the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target - thus depends critically on the content of these perceptions. We examined the accuracy of HIV-risk perceptions and their correlates among young black women in South Africa, a group with one of the highest HIV incidence rates worldwide. METHODS We used individual-level longitudinal data from the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) from 2005 to 2009 on black African women (20-30 years old in 2009) to assess the association between perceived HIV-risk in 2005 and the probability of testing HIV-positive four years later. We then estimated multivariable logistic regressions using cross-sectional data from the 2009 CAPS wave to assess the relationship between risk perceptions and a wide range of demographic, sexual behaviour and psychosocial covariates of perceived HIV-risk. RESULTS We found that the proportion testing HIV-positive in 2009 was almost identical across perceived risk categories in 2005 (no, small, moderate, great) (χ 2 = 1.43, p = 0.85). Consistent with epidemiologic risk factors, the likelihood of reporting moderate or great HIV-risk perceptions was associated with condom-use (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.89; p < 0.01); having ≥3 lifetime partners (aOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.73; p < 0.01); knowledge of one's partner's HIV status (aOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.07; p = 0.09); and being in an age-disparate partnerships (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.76; p = 0.02). However, the likelihood of reporting moderate or great self-perceived risk did not vary with sexually transmitted disease history and respondent age, both strong predictors of HIV risk in the study setting. Risk perceptions were associated with stigmatising attitudes (aOR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.09; p = 0.09); prior HIV testing (aOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.35; p < 0.01); and having heard that male circumcision is protective (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.64; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that HIV-risk perceptions are inaccurate. Our findings suggest that this inaccuracy stems from HIV-risk perceptions being driven by an incomplete understanding of epidemiological risk and being influenced by a range of psycho-social factors not directly related to sexual behaviour. Consequently, new interventions are needed to align perceived and actual HIV risk.
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Lukhele BW, Musumari P, El-Saaidi C, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono Kihara M, Kihara M. Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Increasing HIV Risk Perception in Swaziland: A Randomized Control Trial (SGprev Trial) Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e224. [PMID: 27876685 PMCID: PMC5141336 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to be a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly in Swaziland, which has the highest HIV prevalence in this region. A wide range of strategies and interventions have been used to promote behavior change, though almost all such interventions have involved mass media. Therefore, innovative behavior change strategies beyond mass media communication are urgently needed. Serious games have demonstrated effectiveness in advancing health in the developed world; however, no rigorous serious games interventions have been implemented in HIV prevention in SSA. Objective We plan to test whether a serious game intervention delivered on mobile phones to increase HIV risk perception, increase intention to reduce sexual partnerships, and increase intention to know own and partners HIV status will be more effective compared with current prevention efforts. Methods This is a two-arm randomized intervention trial. We will recruit 380 participants who meet the following eligibility criteria: 18-29 years of age, own a smartphone running an Android-based operating system, have the WhatsApp messaging app, live in Swaziland, and can adequately grant informed consent. Participants will be allocated into a smartphone interactive, educational story game, and a wait-list control group in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Subsequently, a self-administered Web-based questionnaire will be issued at baseline and after 4 weeks of exposure to the game. We hypothesize that the change in HIV risk perception between pre- and post-intervention assessment is greater in the intervention group compared with the change in the control group. Our primary hypothesis is based on the assumption that increased perceived risk of HIV provides cues to engage in protective behavior. Our primary outcome measure is HIV risk perceived mean change between pre- and post-intervention compared with the mean change in the wait-list control group at 4-weeks post-intervention. We will use standardized regression coefficients to calculate the effect of the intervention on our primary outcome with P values. We will conduct both intention to treat and as treated analysis. Results This study is funded by Hayao Nakayama Foundation for Science & Technology and Culture; Grant number H26-A2-41. The research and development approval has been obtained from Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee, Japan, and Swaziland’s Ministry of Health Ethics and Scientific committee. Results are expected in February 2017. Conclusions This study will provide evidence on the efficiency of a mobile phone interactive game in increasing HIV risk perception in Swaziland. Our findings may also be generalizable to similar settings in SSA. Trial Registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry ID number (UMIN-CTR):UMIN000021781; URL:https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000025103 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hOphB11a).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patou Musumari
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christina El-Saaidi
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teeranee Techasrivichien
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Pilar Suguimoto
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Ono Kihara
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- Kyoto University, Department of Global Health and Socio Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sano Y, Antabe R, Atuoye KN, Hussey LK, Bayne J, Galaa SZ, Mkandawire P, Luginaah I. Persistent misconceptions about HIV transmission among males and females in Malawi. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2016; 16:16. [PMID: 27267906 PMCID: PMC4896031 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-016-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of HIV in Malawi is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and misconceptions about its mode of transmission are considered a major contributor to the continued spread of the virus. Methods Using the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, the current study explored factors associated with misconceptions about HIV transmission among males and females. Results We found that higher levels of ABC prevention knowledge were associated with lower likelihood of endorsing misconceptions among females and males (OR = 0.85, p < 0.001; OR = 0.85, p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to those in the Northern region, both females and males in the Central (OR = 0.54, p < 0.001; OR = 0.53, p < 0.001, respectively) and Southern regions (OR = 0.49, p < 0.001; OR = 0.43, p < 0.001, respectively) were less likely to endorse misconceptions about HIV transmission. Moreover, marital status and ethnicity were significant predictors of HIV transmission misconceptions among females but not among males. Also, household wealth quintiles, education, religion, and urban–rural residence were significantly associated with endorsing misconceptions about HIV transmission. Conclusion Based on our findings, we recommend that education on HIV transmission in Malawi should integrate cultural and ethnic considerations of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Sano
- Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Antabe
- Environmental Health and Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kilian Nasung Atuoye
- Environmental Health and Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lucia Kafui Hussey
- Environmental Health and Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Bayne
- Environmental Health and Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvester Zackaria Galaa
- Faculty of Integrated Development Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, Wa, Ghana.
| | - Paul Mkandawire
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Human Rights Program, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada
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