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Giovannini E, Santelli S, Pelletti G, Bonasoni MP, Cornacchia A, Pelotti S, Fais P. Pediatric motor vehicle crashes injuries: A systematic review for forensic evaluation. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03174-7. [PMID: 38337078 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Children involved in car crashes can experience either direct trauma or inertial injuries resulting from interactions with external objects, such as other vehicles, or with the restraint system. Furthermore, improper use of restraint systems can lead to additional severe injuries. Recent reports from international institutions underscored the persistent prevalence of inadequate restraint systems utilization and this widespread issue increases children's vulnerability and risk of injuries.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained in children involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements useful for forensic assessment.The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1970 to March 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about traffic accidents involving pediatric passengers. A total of 69 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were categorized and analyzed according to the anatomical regions of the body affected (head, neck, thoraco-abdominal, and limb injuries), and the assessment of lesions in reconstruction of the accident was examined and discussed.The review highlights that in motor vehicle accidents involving children, the forensic evaluation of both the cause of death and accident dynamics needs to consider several factors, such as the child's age, the type of restraint system employed, and the specific passenger seat occupied. Considering the complexity of the factors that can be involved in this road accident, it is crucial that there is a comprehensive exchange of information between the judge and the medical expert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Santelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Guido Pelletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Angela Cornacchia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Paolo Fais
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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2
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Škorić T. Stress Level Detection Based on the Capacitive Electrocardiogram Signals of Driving Subjects. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9158. [PMID: 38005545 PMCID: PMC10674978 DOI: 10.3390/s23229158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The automotive industry and scientific community are making efforts to develop innovative solutions that would increase successful driver performance in preventing crashes caused by drivers' health and concentration. High stress is one of the causes of impaired driver performance. This study investigates the ability to classify different stress levels based on capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG) recorded during driving by unobtrusive acquisition systems with different hardware implementations. The proposed machine-learning model extracted only four features, based on the detection of the R peak, which is the most reliably detected characteristic point even in inferior quality cECG. Another criterion for selecting the features is their low computational complexity, which enables real-time application. The proposed method was validated on three open data sets recorded during driving: electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded by electrodes with direct skin contact (high quality); cECG recorded without direct skin contact through clothes by electrodes built into a portable multi-modal cushion (middle quality); and cECG recorded through the clothes without direct skin contact by electrodes built into a car seat (lowest quality). The proposed model achieved a high accuracy of 100% for high-quality ECG, 96.67% for middle-quality cECG, and 98.08% for the lower-quality cECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Škorić
- Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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3
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Kazemi S, Tavousi M, Zarei F. A mobile-based educational intervention on STI-related preventive behavior among Iranian women. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:212-223. [PMID: 33515025 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Iran are alarming, little is known about preventive sexual behaviors. The purpose of this article was to assess the effect of a mobile-based educational program to promote preventive behaviors regarding STIs in Iranian women. Using Roger's protection motivation theory, the following measures were developed as the study's conceptual framework: STI knowledge, STI vulnerability, STI prevention self-efficacy and STI prevention intentions. These variables were measured by the Persian version of a valid Korean four-scale tool. Data from 76 women were analyzed: 37 women in the smartphone application (Experimental) group and 39 in the control group. Health Education Sexually Transmitted Infections Application was developed as a smartphone application training program. Participants were tested at three-time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test 1 (immediately after the program's completion) and post-test 2 (16 weeks after the program's completion). Significant group differences were found at different times in STI knowledge, vulnerability, prevention self-efficacy and prevention intentions. The smartphone application was effective in sustaining the effects of the educational program in the experimental group. The development of appropriate teaching materials on sensitive public health issues, such as STIs to promote individual self-learning skills is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kazemi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavousi
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Gaw CE, Berthet E, Curry AE, Zonfrillo MR, Arbogast KB, Corwin DJ. Pediatric Health Care Provider Perspectives on Injury Prevention Counseling in Acute and Primary Care Settings. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:1150-1160. [PMID: 32668957 PMCID: PMC10066848 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820941237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize how pediatric primary care and emergency medicine health care providers and trainees engage in injury prevention counseling and assess perceptions toward injury prevention resources. We surveyed physicians, advanced practice providers, and trainees in the Emergency Department, Primary Care Network, and Pediatric Residency Program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from September to November 2019. Of the 578 eligible participants, 208 (36.0%) completed the survey. When asked to rank the suitability of alternative personnel for providing counseling, 63.0% of the participants selected an injury prevention specialist as best suited. Seventy-six percent of the providers considered a tablet or mobile device used before a patient encounter to be a helpful resource. Variability existed in provider comfort, knowledge, and frequency of counseling by injury topic. Free-text responses cited time as a barrier to counseling. Opportunities exist to improve the provision of injury education through the utilization of novel resources and personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Gaw
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellora Berthet
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison E Curry
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kristy B Arbogast
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Corwin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Jones F, Whitehouse A, Dopson A, Palaghias N, Aldiss S, Gibson F, Shawe J. Reducing unintentional injuries in under fives: Development and testing of a mobile phone app. Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:203-212. [PMID: 31782175 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of preventable death and a major cause of ill health and disability in children under 5 years of age. A health promotion mobile phone application, "Grow up Safely" (GUS), was developed to support parents and carers in reducing unintentional injuries in this population of children. METHODS A prototype of the mobile application was developed to deliver health education on unintentional injury prevention linked to stages of child development. In order to explore the usability of the app and refine its content, three focus groups were conducted with 15 mothers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The majority of participants reported previous use of health apps, mainly related to pregnancy and recommended by health professionals. The app was considered user-friendly and easy to navigate. Participants in two focus groups found the app informative and offered new information, and they would consider using it. Participants in the "young mum's" group considered the advice to be "common sense" but found the language too complex. All participants commented that further development of push-out notifications and endorsement by a reputable source would increase their engagement with the app. CONCLUSION The GUS mobile phone app, aimed at reducing unintentional injuries in children under five, was supported by mothers as a health promotion app. They would consider downloading it, particularly if recommended by a health professional or endorsed by a reputable organization. Further development is planned with push-out notifications and wider feasibility testing to engage targeted groups, such as young mothers, fathers, and other carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ali Whitehouse
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Amy Dopson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Susie Aldiss
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Faith Gibson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- Institute of Health and Community, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Kantorski B, Commisso DR, Sanford-Dolly CW, Pollock JA. The Use of a Mobile Application to Teach Concussion-Related Health Knowledge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3. [PMID: 34017940 DOI: 10.15695/jstem/v3i1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions affect over 280,000 adolescents each year while the general public remains ill-informed about concussions, signs/symptoms, and treatments. Adolescents may be at an increased risk for experiencing adverse physiological and psychological effects from concussions, underscoring the critical need for effective concussion education strategies. While mobile apps are increasingly being used in education and healthcare settings, none were found to offer comprehensive concussion education capable of reaching diverse audiences. The interactive mobile app "Rebound: Beating Concussions" has the potential to be an effective teaching tool for school athletic programs and medical professionals to communicate important concussion-related information to student athletes, parents, and sports coaches. A mixed methods study was used to determine the app's ability to convey information about concussions to student athletes in grades 5 through 12, parents of student athletes, and sports coaches. Concussion knowledge and participant opinions were assessed via a pre/post model and administered before and after app use. Participants demonstrated knowledge gains in the identification of concussion symptoms, treatments, and misconceptions. Additionally, participants demonstrated positive opinions on the content of the app, its relevance to everyday life, and its potential as a teaching tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinley Kantorski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Science, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The Partnership in Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - John A Pollock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Science, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The Partnership in Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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McClure C, Cunningham M, Bull S, Berman S, Allison MA. Using Mobile Health to Promote Early Language Development: A Narrative Review. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:850-854. [PMID: 30098442 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we first present a brief overview of known disparities in children's language development based on socioeconomic status and efforts in the primary care setting to promote children's language development. Next, we define mobile health (m-health) and review the limited, published literature regarding the effectiveness of m-health interventions in promoting children's health, in general, and language development, in particular. Finally, we discuss the potential role of smartphone applications to increase parental behaviors that promote their children's language development, as well as challenges that should be addressed as the field of m-health continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McClure
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Maureen Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Center for Global Health , Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Sheana Bull
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health , Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS) (M Allison), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Stephen Berman
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Center for Global Health , Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Mandy A Allison
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.
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8
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Gielen AC, Bishai DM, Omaki E, Shields WC, McDonald EM, Rizzutti NC, Case J, Stevens MW, Aitken ME. Results of an RCT in Two Pediatric Emergency Departments to Evaluate the Efficacy of an m-Health Educational App on Car Seat Use. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:746-755. [PMID: 29656914 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing interest in incorporating prevention into emergency health care make it timely to examine the use of computer technology to efficiently deliver effective education in this setting. STUDY DESIGN This RCT compared results from an intervention group (n=367) that received child passenger safety information, to an attention-matched control (n=375). A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys at 3 and 6 months were conducted. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from June 2014 to September 2016 from a sample of parents with children aged 4-7 years recruited from a pediatric emergency department in an East Coast urban area and one in a Midwest semi-rural area. INTERVENTION A theory-based, stage-tailored educational program, Safety in Seconds v2.0TM, delivered on a mobile app. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four car seat behaviors: (1) having the correct restraint for the child's age and weight; (2) having the child ride in the backseat all the time; (3) buckling up the child all the time; and (4) having the child's restraint inspected by a child passenger safety technician. RESULTS At 3 months, adjusting for baseline behaviors and attrition, the odds of reporting the correct behavior by the intervention group relative to the control group was 2.07 (p<0.01) for using the correct car seat; 2.37 (p<0.05) times for having the child ride in the back seat; 1.04 (nonsignificant) for riding buckled up all the time; and 1.99 (p<0.01) times for having the car seat inspected. At 6 months, there were statistically significant effects for reporting use of the correct car seat (OR=1.84, p<0.01) and having the car seat inspected (OR=1.73, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mobile apps hold promise for reaching large populations with individually tailored child passenger safety education. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registration # NCT02345941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - David M Bishai
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elise Omaki
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wendy C Shields
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen M McDonald
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas C Rizzutti
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Case
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Molly W Stevens
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E Aitken
- General Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
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9
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Gielen AC. Wombs and Whippersnappers: Reflections on Health Education Research and Opportunities for the Future. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018; 43:613-620. [PMID: 27827813 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116678215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
My talk will describe two public health problems facing women and children that were the focus of the work my colleagues and I did over my years as a health behavior change researcher. I start by addressing why a focus on women and children is important from a public health perspective and then provide two mini case studies: (1) identifying needs and interventions for women living with HIV and intimate partner violence and (2) disseminating proven interventions to reduce unintentional injuries in children. The conclusions present thoughts on the contributions of health education to these public health concerns and opportunities for the future.
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10
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Zonfrillo MR, Gittelman MA, Quinlan KP, Pomerantz WJ. Outcomes after injury prevention counselling in a paediatric office setting: a 25-year review. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2:e000300. [PMID: 29942868 PMCID: PMC6014223 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injury is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children. Primary care providers routinely provide age-appropriate injury prevention (IP) counselling during healthcare visits. The objective was to review evaluations of the effectiveness of office-based paediatric IP counselling research. DESIGN This review identified studies from July 1991 to June 2016 of children <5 years and their caretakers to determine the effectiveness of office-based counselling on IP knowledge, behaviours and outcomes. Studies were included if they had: (1) an intervention for a family with a child <5 years of age; (2) an unintentional injury mechanism addressed during counselling; (3) one or more mechanisms recommended to be discussed for children <5 years in the 2007American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement; (4) counselling occurring in the office setting; (5) an assessment of an outcome (eg, change in knowledge, behaviour or injury occurrences); and (6) English-language publication. Study characteristics (whether the study was controlled, randomised and/or blinded), target safety behaviours, the sample size, outcomes assessed (injuries, behaviour changes and/or education changes) and demonstrated effects were summarised. RESULTS Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria. Twelve articles were randomised controlled trials, three were non-randomised trials and one was a pretest and post-test study. Fourteen articles measured a change in knowledge or reported behaviour, four included observed behaviour change and five measured change in injury outcomes. Thirteen of the 16 studies had positive effects demonstrated for certain outcomes, including for fall, poisoning, burn, fire, traffic injury and drowning prevention, while 10 showed no differences between study groups for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Published outcomes-based IP-related counselling research in the primary care setting for young children is infrequent, and additional research is necessary to further describe the effectiveness of these primary prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zonfrillo
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael A Gittelman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyran P Quinlan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wendy J Pomerantz
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Kang KA, Kim SJ, Kang SR, Lee SH, Kim YY, Ellis KW. Development and Preliminary Testing of a Smartphone-Based Injury-Prevention Application (S-IPA) for Teachers at Child-Care Centers in South Korea. J Community Health Nurs 2017; 34:147-159. [PMID: 28767294 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2017.1340767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a smartphone-based injury-prevention application (S-IPA) for teachers working in child-care centers, and to test the satisfaction level of the users of the application (app). Through a literature review and needs assessment, an app compatible with the Apple iPhone operating system was developed. The app was verified and the mean total satisfaction with 7 features of the app was 7.76 (± 1.13) on a score of 1-10. The result of the S-IPA survey showed a positive response, indicating a high potential for use as a teacher's educational guide, which would provide an effective information delivery system for the prevention of possible injuries at child-care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Kang
- a Department of Nursing , Sahmyook University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Shin-Jeong Kim
- b Department of Nursing , Hallym University , Chunchon , Korea
| | - So Ra Kang
- c Department of Nursing , Ewha Womans Univerist , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- d Department of Nursing , Ulsan University , Ulsan , Korea
| | - Yae Young Kim
- e Department of Nursing , Kyungil University , Gyeongsan , Korea
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12
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Weaver NL, Weaver TL, Nicks SE, Jupka KA, Sallee H, Jacobsen H, Henley W, Jaques M. Developing tailored positive parenting messages for a clinic-based communication programme. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:289-297. [PMID: 27781327 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care providers fill a central role in the prevention of both child abuse and neglect (CA/N) and unintentional childhood injury. Health communication interventions hold promise for promoting attitudes and behaviours among parents that increase positive parenting practices, which may be linked to decreased rates of intentional and unintentional childhood injuries. This manuscript describes the development of 'RISE Up', an ambulatory clinic-based childhood injury prevention programme that provides tailored, injury prevention print materials to parents of children ages 0-5. METHODS Fifteen semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with clinic healthcare providers and staff to develop communication strategies and materials for caregivers. Cognitive response testing was then conducted with 20 caregivers of the priority population to assess all materials. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding methods. RESULTS Formative research revealed that health care providers and caregivers were very responsive to messages and materials. Health care providers reported that abuse and neglect were particularly relevant to their patients and noted several benefits to implementing the RISE Up programme in a health care setting. Caregivers generally found messages on reducing the risks of injuries, as well as the graphics displayed in the RISE Up programme to be helpful. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the common determinants of both intentional and unintentional childhood injury through customized print materials may be a useful component of comprehensive prevention efforts to address childhood injury risk with greater impact. Providers and parents responded favourably to this communication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Weaver
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - T L Weaver
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S E Nicks
- Department of Social and Public Health College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - K A Jupka
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Sallee
- Department of Pediatrics, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Jacobsen
- ClearApple Health Writing, Belleville, IL, USA
| | - W Henley
- University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | - M Jaques
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
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13
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McKenzie LB, Roberts KJ, Kaercher RM, Collins CL, Comstock RD, Fernandez S, Abdel-Rasoul M, Casavant MJ, Mihalov L. Paediatric emergency department-based carbon monoxide detector intervention: a randomised trial. Inj Prev 2016; 23:314-320. [PMID: 28007971 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is almost entirely preventable, over 400 people die and 20 000 people are injured each year in the USA from unintentional CO poisoning. Thus, there is a critical need for evidence-based interventions for preventing CO poisoning and increasing the proper use and installation of CO detectors. METHODS A randomised, controlled trial (Project CODE, a Carbon Monoxide Detector Education intervention) with 2-week and 6-month follow-up home observations was conducted in 299 parents of children aged ≤18 years recruited in the emergency department of a level 1 paediatric trauma centre. The intervention group received an educational tool, a spiral-bound, laminated booklet that resembled a CO detector containing theory-based safety messages based on the precaution adoption process model, a plug-in CO detector and 9 V battery. The control group received a one page flyer on CO poisoning prevention. RESULTS Although the difference was not statistically significant, mean CO knowledge score increased at a greater rate for the intervention group than the control group. Intervention group parents were more likely to exhibit 'safe' CO detector use than control group parents at the 2-week follow-up (RR: 2.75; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.69) and 6-month follow-up (RR: 2.78; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.76), after adjusting for self-reported CO detector use behaviour at enrolment and annual per capita income. CONCLUSIONS An emergency department-delivered intervention containing a theory-based educational tool paired with a CO detector can be an effective method for increasing knowledge about CO poisoning, for prevention and for appropriate use of a CO detector. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00959478.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara B McKenzie
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin J Roberts
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Roxanne M Kaercher
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - R Dawn Comstock
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health and Dept. of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Marcel J Casavant
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie Mihalov
- Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Omaki E, Shields WC, McDonald E, Aitken ME, Bishai D, Case J, Gielen A. Evaluating a smartphone application to improve child passenger safety and fire safety knowledge and behaviour. Inj Prev 2016; 23:58. [PMID: 27597399 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although proven measures for reducing injury due to motor vehicle collision and residential fires exist, the number of families properly and consistently using child passenger restraints and smoke alarms remains low. This paper describes the design of the Safety In Seconds (SIS) 2.0 study, which aims to evaluate the impact of a smartphone app on parents' use of child restraints and smoke alarms. METHODS SIS is a multisite randomised controlled trial. Participants are parents of children aged 4-7 years who are visiting the Pediatric Emergency Department or Pediatric Trauma Service. Parents are randomised to receive tailored education about child passenger safety or about fire safety via the SIS smartphone app. A baseline and two follow-up surveys at 3 months and 6 months are conducted. Primary outcomes are: (1) having the correct child restraint for the child's age and size; (2) restraining the child in the back seat of the car; (3) buckling the child up for every ride; (4) having the restraint inspected by a child passenger safety technician; (5) having a working smoke alarm on every level of the home; (6) having hard-wired or lithium battery smoke alarms; (7) having and (8) practising a fire escape plan. DISCUSSION Finding ways to communicate with parents about child passenger and fire safety continues to be a research priority. This study will contribute to the evidence about how to promote benefits of proper and consistent child restraint and smoke alarm use. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02345941; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Omaki
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy C Shields
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen McDonald
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary E Aitken
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - David Bishai
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Case
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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