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Ruggeri F, Ciancimino C, Guillot A, Fumi D, Tizio FD, Fragiotta S, Abdolrahimzadeh S. Posterior Polar Annular Choroidal Dystrophy: Genetic Insights and Differential Diagnosis in Inherited Retinal Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1383-1397. [PMID: 38392207 PMCID: PMC10887594 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD) is a rare ocular disorder and presents as symmetric degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the underlying choriocapillaris, encircling the retinal vascular arcades and optic disc. This condition distinctively preserves the foveal region, optic disc, and the outermost regions of the retina. Despite its distinct clinical presentation, due to the infrequency of its occurrence and the limited number of reported cases, the pathophysiology, and the genetic foundations of PPACD are still largely uncharted. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating potential genetic contributors to PPACD, assessing current findings, and identifying genes that warrant further study. Emphasis is also placed on the crucial role of multimodal imaging in diagnosing PPACD, highlighting its importance in understanding disease pathophysiology. By analyzing existing case reports and drawing comparisons with similar retinal disorders, this paper endeavors to delineate the possible genetic correlations in PPACD, providing a foundation for future genetic research and the development of targeted diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ruggeri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Chiara Ciancimino
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Antonio Guillot
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniele Fumi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Federico Di Tizio
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Serena Fragiotta
- UOC Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Areas, S.M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (D.F.)
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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