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Parental origin of monosomic chromosomes in near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:51. [PMID: 32371983 PMCID: PMC7200744 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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2
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Penther D, Etancelin P, Lusina D, Bidet A, Quilichini B, Gaillard B, Rafdord‐Weiss I, Mozziconacci MJ, Ittel A, Roche‐Lestienne C, Barin C, Soler G, Daudignon A, Nadal N, Chapiro E, Lefebvre C, Godon C, Nadeau G, Mugneret F, Richebourg S, Viailly P, Ferret Y, Nguyen‐Khac F, Eclache V. Isolated isochromosomes i(X)(p10) and idic(X)(q13) are associated with myeloid malignancies and dysplastic features. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:E285-E288. [PMID: 31379011 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Penther
- Laboratoire de Génétique OncologiqueCLCC Henri Becquerel & INSERM U1245 Rouen France
| | - Pascaline Etancelin
- Laboratoire de Génétique OncologiqueCLCC Henri Becquerel & INSERM U1245 Rouen France
| | - Daniel Lusina
- Laboratoire d'HématologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, APHP Bobigny France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Laboratoire d'HématologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux France
| | | | - Baptiste Gaillard
- Laboratoire d'HématologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims France
| | | | | | - Antoine Ittel
- Laboratoire de CytogénétiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg France
| | - Catherine Roche‐Lestienne
- Laboratoire de Génétique MédicaleHôpital Jeanne de Flandre, and UMR‐S 1172, Univ. Lille Lille France
| | - Carole Barin
- Laboratoire de CytogénétiqueHôpital Bretonneau Tours France
| | - Gwendoline Soler
- Laboratoire de CytogénétiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Agnes Daudignon
- Laboratoire de Génétique MédicaleHôpital Jeanne de Flandre, and UMR‐S 1172, Univ. Lille Lille France
| | - Nathalie Nadal
- Service de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire. C.H.U. DIJON Dijon France
| | - Elise Chapiro
- Service d'Hématologie BiologiqueHôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, AP‐HP, Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Christine Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de CytogénétiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble France
| | - Catherine Godon
- Laboratoire de CytogénétiqueHôpital Hôtel Dieu Nantes France
| | - Gwenael Nadeau
- Laboratoire de Génétique ChromosomiqueCentre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie Chambéry France
| | - Francine Mugneret
- Service de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire. C.H.U. DIJON Dijon France
| | - Steven Richebourg
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique onco‐hématologiqueHôpital du Saint Sacrement Québec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Julien Viailly
- Laboratoire de Génétique OncologiqueCLCC Henri Becquerel & INSERM U1245 Rouen France
| | - Yann Ferret
- Laboratoire de cytogénétiqueCHU Amiens Picardie Amiens France
| | - Florence Nguyen‐Khac
- Service d'Hématologie BiologiqueHôpital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, AP‐HP, Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Virginie Eclache
- Laboratoire d'HématologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, APHP Bobigny France
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3
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A complex and cryptic intrachromosomal rearrangement generating the FIP1L1_PDGFRA in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2019; 239:8-12. [PMID: 31450116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of the PDGFRA gene can benefit from therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, therefore revealing the PDGFRA rearrangement is essential to ensure the best choice of treatment. The most common PDGFRA partner is the FIP1L1 gene, generating the oncoprotein FIP1L1/PDGFRA (F/P). In the majority of cases the F/P fusion gene originates from intrachromosomal rearrangement at band 4q12, and occasionally from chromosomal translocations. In both cases, the interstitial chromosomal deletion of a region involving the CHIC2 gene has been reported, which is cryptic by conventional karyotyping but detectable by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analyses. Herein, we report an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) case presenting with eosinophilia; the F/P fusion gene originated from a new, cryptic and complex intrachromosomal rearrangement of 4q12. Classical FISH assay revealed abnormal hybridization signals, but the presence of the F/P chimaeric gene was demonstrated by molecular analysis. We performed molecular characterization of the chromosomal rearrangement and targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis with a myeloid gene panel, revealing the presence of pathogenic genomic variants affecting the TET2 and ETV6 genes. These mutations were present as subclones at the disease onset and their clone size increased at relapse.
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4
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Yang R, Jiang M, Zhao J, Chen H, Gong J, You Y, Song L, Li Z, Li Q. Identification of chromosomal abnormalities and genomic features in near-triploidy/tetraploidy-acute leukemia by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1559-1567. [PMID: 30863166 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Near-triploidy/tetraploidy is rarely found in acute leukemia. Only limited data are available to characterize this condition, and it remains largely unknown. Patients and methods In our study, we performed karyotype analysis on 1,031 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia from 2006 to 2018. A total of 10 patients of near-triploidy/tetraploidy karyotype were enrolled. Two cases of near-triploidy (66-79 chromosomes) and eight cases of near-tetraploidy (84-100 chromosomes) were identified. Bone marrow samples of these 10 patients were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 19 commercially available probes that detected a small portion of gene alterations and large regions of chromosome amplifications. Results Of the six patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, we detected three cases of double t(8;21)(q22;q22) that have not been previously reported, and one of them demonstrated ins(21;8) (q22;q24q22). We also describe a novel pediatric case carrying double t(15;17)(q22;q21) and receiving targeted treatment with all-trans retinoic acid therapy. To date, this case has responded well to the regimen and has shown continuous complete remission. All patients received chemotherapy. One of them received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and survived for 22 months. Eight of the 10 patients died, and the median overall survival was 11 months. Conclusion Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified the distinct complex karyotype of near-triploidy/tetraploidy and provided further prognostic information. Tetraploidy acute promyelocytic leukemia had favorable prognosis; thus, HSCT was not necessary. The case of insertion t(21;8)(q22;q24q22) in tetraploidy responded poorly to chemotherapy and achieved molecular remission with difficultly. Data from patients in this group indicated that near-triploidy/tetraploidy acute leukemia has poor prognosis and new therapy is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Minghua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
| | - Yaying You
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Laiyue Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China,
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China,
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5
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Paulraj P, Diamond S, Razzaqi F, Ozeran JD, Longhurst M, Andersen EF, Toydemir RM, Hong B. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;21)(p22;q22). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:551-557. [PMID: 30706625 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(7;21)(p22;q22) resulting in RUNX1-USP42 fusion, is a rare but recurrent cytogenetic abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. The prognostic significance of this translocation has not been well established due to the limited number of patients. Herein, we report three pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). All three patients presented with pancytopenia or leukopenia at diagnosis, accompanied by abnormal immunophenotypic expression of CD7 and CD56 on leukemic blasts. One patient had t(7;21)(p22;q22) as the sole abnormality, whereas the other two patients had additional numerical and structural aberrations including loss of 5q material. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on interphase cells or sequential examination of metaphases showed the RUNX1 rearrangement and confirmed translocation 7;21. Genomic SNP microarray analysis, performed on DNA extracted from the bone marrow from the patient with isolated t(7;21)(p22;q22), showed a 32.2 Mb copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) within the short arm of chromosome 11. After 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy, all three patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One patient died due to complications related to viral reactivation and graft-versus-host disease. The other two patients achieved complete remission after HSCT. Our data displayed the accompanying cytogenetic abnormalities including del(5q) and cnLOH of 11p, the frequent pathological features shared with other reported cases, and clinical outcome in pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). The heterogeneity in AML harboring similar cytogenetic alterations may be attributed to additional uncovered genetic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Paulraj
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Cytogenetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven Diamond
- Institute for Pediatric Cancer & Blood Disorders, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, HackensackUMC, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Faisal Razzaqi
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, California
| | - J Daniel Ozeran
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, California
| | - Maria Longhurst
- Cytogenetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Erica F Andersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Cytogenetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Reha M Toydemir
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Cytogenetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Cytogenetics Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
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6
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Ducamp S, Fleming MD. The molecular genetics of sideroblastic anemia. Blood 2019; 133:59-69. [PMID: 30401706 PMCID: PMC6318428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-815951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sideroblastic anemias (SAs) are a group of inherited and acquired bone marrow disorders defined by pathological iron accumulation in the mitochondria of erythroid precursors. Like most hematological diseases, the molecular genetic basis of the SAs has ridden the wave of technology advancement. Within the last 30 years, with the advent of positional cloning, the human genome project, solid-state genotyping technologies, and next-generation sequencing have evolved to the point where more than two-thirds of congenital SA cases, and an even greater proportion of cases of acquired clonal disease, can be attributed to mutations in a specific gene or genes. This review focuses on an analysis of the genetics of these diseases and how understanding these defects may contribute to the design and implementation of rational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ducamp
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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7
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Jacob R, Zander S, Gutschner T. The Dark Side of the Epitranscriptome: Chemical Modifications in Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112387. [PMID: 29125541 PMCID: PMC5713356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad application of next-generation sequencing technologies in conjunction with improved bioinformatics has helped to illuminate the complexity of the transcriptome, both in terms of quantity and variety. In humans, 70–90% of the genome is transcribed, but only ~2% carries the blueprint for proteins. Hence, there is a huge class of non-translated transcripts, called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have received much attention in the past decade. Several studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in a plethora of cellular signaling pathways and actively regulate gene expression via a broad selection of molecular mechanisms. Only recently, sequencing-based, transcriptome-wide studies have characterized different types of post-transcriptional chemical modifications of RNAs. These modifications have been shown to affect the fate of RNA and further expand the variety of the transcriptome. However, our understanding of their biological function, especially in the context of lncRNAs, is still in its infancy. In this review, we will focus on three epitranscriptomic marks, namely pseudouridine (Ψ), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). We will introduce writers, readers, and erasers of these modifications, and we will present methods for their detection. Finally, we will provide insights into the distribution and function of these chemical modifications in selected, cancer-related lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sindy Zander
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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8
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Yamamoto M, Suzuki S, Mukae JI, Tanaka K, Watanabe K, Oshikawa G, Fukuda T, Murakami N, Miura O. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with isochromosome (X)(p10): A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3717-3721. [PMID: 28927137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a rare subtype of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN). Although recurrent chromosomal and genetic abnormalities are frequently observed in aCML, none are specific to this type of leukemia. The present study reported a case of aCML associated with i(X)(p10), a rare recurrent chromosomal abnormality of hematological malignancy. A 40-year-old female was referred to the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) due to slight leukocytosis and anemia. A bone marrow aspiration revealed 4% blasts and granulocytic hyperplasia with dysplasia. A G-banded cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells revealed 46, X, isochromosome X(iX)(p10) in all metaphases. The percentage of the neutrophil precursors promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes in the peripheral blood was >10% throughout the clinical course of the patient, which resulted in a diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Treatment with hydroxycarbamide was not able to effectively alleviate leukocytosis, and the disease progressed with the appearance of an additional cytogenetic abnormality, t(10;17)(p13;q21). Subsequently, the patient underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a sibling donor, and subsequent cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal karyotype with full donor chimerism. The isodicentric X(idicX)(q13) mutation is a similar abnormality to i(X)(p10) and may result in a loss of the X-inactive specific transcript gene located at Xq13.2, the deletion of which has been previously reported to result in the development of MDS/MPN in mice. In addition, i(X)(p10) was identified as the sole chromosomal abnormality at the diagnosis of aCML in the case of the present study, which is similar to patients from previous studies of other hematological malignancies and supports the hypothesis that i(X)(p10) may have served a primary role in the leukemogenesis of aCML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Mukae
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naomi Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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9
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Emerging mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function during normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Blood 2017; 130:1965-1975. [PMID: 28928124 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-788695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as vital components of gene programs controlling cell differentiation and function. Central to their functions is an ability to act as scaffolds or as decoys that recruit or sequester effector proteins from their DNA, RNA, or protein targets. lncRNA-modulated effectors include regulators of transcription, chromatin organization, RNA processing, and translation, such that lncRNAs can influence gene expression at multiple levels. Here we review the current understanding of how lncRNAs help coordinate gene expression to modulate cell fate in the hematopoietic system. We focus on a growing number of mechanistic studies to synthesize emerging principles of lncRNA function, emphasizing how they facilitate diversification of gene programming during development. We also survey how disrupted lncRNA function can contribute to malignant transformation, highlighting opportunities for therapeutic intervention in specific myeloid and lymphoid cancers. Finally, we discuss challenges and prospects for further elucidation of lncRNA mechanisms.
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10
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Li MJ, Yang YL, Lee NC, Jou ST, Lu MY, Chang HH, Lin KH, Peng CT, Lin DT. Tet oncogene family member 2 gene alterations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:801-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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11
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Lundin KB, Olsson L, Safavi S, Biloglav A, Paulsson K, Johansson B. Patterns and frequencies of acquired and constitutional uniparental isodisomies in pediatric and adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:472-9. [PMID: 26773847 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are increasingly being used in clinical routine for genetic analysis of pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (BCP ALL). Because constitutional DNA is not readily available as a control at the time of diagnosis, it is important to be able to distinguish between acquired and constitutional aberrations in a diagnostic setting. In the present study we focused on uniparental isodisomies (UPIDs). SNP array analyses of 143 pediatric and 38 adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias and matched remission samples revealed acquired whole chromosome or segmental UPIDs (wUPIDs, sUPIDs) in 32 cases (18%), without any age- or gender-related frequency differences. Acquired sUPIDs were larger than the constitutional ones (mean 35.3 Mb vs. 10.7 Mb; P < 0.0001) and were more often terminally located in the chromosomes (69% vs. 4.5%; P < 0.0001). Chromosomes 3, 5, and 9 were most often involved in acquired wUPIDs, whilst recurrent acquired sUPIDs targeted 6p, 9p, 9q, and 14q. The majority (56%) of sUPID9p was associated with homozygous CDKN2A deletions. In pediatric ALL, all wUPIDs were found in high hyperdiploid (51-67 chromosomes) cases and an extended analysis, also including unmatched diagnostic samples, revealed a higher frequency of wUPID-positivity in higher modal number (56-67 chromosomes) than in lower modal number (51-55 chromosomes) high hyperdiploid cases (34% vs. 11%; P = 0.04), suggesting different underlying mechanisms of formation of these subtypes of high hyperdiploidy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Olsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Setareh Safavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Biloglav
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Saeidi K. Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Current molecular biology and genetics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:375-89. [PMID: 26697989 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by increased production of mature blood cells. Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs (Ph-MPNs) consist of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). A number of stem cell derived mutations have been identified in the past 10 years. These findings showed that JAK2V617F, as a diagnostic marker involving JAK2 exon 14 with a high frequency, is the best molecular characterization of Ph-MPNs. Somatic mutations in an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, named calreticulin (CALR), is the second most common mutation in patients with ET and PMF after JAK2 V617F mutation. Discovery of CALR mutations led to the increased molecular diagnostic of ET and PMF up to 90%. It has been shown that JAK2V617F is not the unique event in disease pathogenesis. Some other genes' location such as TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2), additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1), casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene (CBL), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/IDH2), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), tumor protein p53 (TP53), runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) have also identified to be involved in MPNs phenotypes. Here, current molecular biology and genetic mechanisms involved in MNPs with a focus on the aforementioned factors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Halahleh K, Gale RP, Nagler A. Isochromosome X in Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Acta Haematol 2015; 135:37-8. [PMID: 26303412 DOI: 10.1159/000435829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Halahleh
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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14
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Anderl S, König M, Attarbaschi A, Strehl S. PAX5-KIAA1549L: a novel fusion gene in a case of pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:48. [PMID: 26157485 PMCID: PMC4495688 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) PAX5, a transcription factor pivotal for B-cell commitment and maintenance, is frequently affected by genetic alterations. In 2-3 % of the cases PAX5 rearrangements result in the expression of oncogenic fusion genes. The encoded chimeric proteins consist of the N-terminal PAX5 DNA-binding paired domain, which is fused to the C-terminal domains of a remarkable heterogeneous group of partner proteins. Results Employing fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular methods PAX5-KIAA1549L was identified as novel fusion gene in a case of pediatric BCP-ALL. Conclusion Our report underlines the high diversity of PAX5 fusion partners in BCP-ALL and we describe the second involvement of KIAA1549L in a genetic rearrangement in acute leukemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0138-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Anderl
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit König
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Vienna, Austria
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria ; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Strehl
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Vienna, Austria
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15
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Karreth FA, Reschke M, Ruocco A, Ng C, Chapuy B, Léopold V, Sjoberg M, Keane TM, Verma A, Ala U, Tay Y, Wu D, Seitzer N, Velasco-Herrera MDC, Bothmer A, Fung J, Langellotto F, Rodig SJ, Elemento O, Shipp MA, Adams DJ, Chiarle R, Pandolfi PP. The BRAF pseudogene functions as a competitive endogenous RNA and induces lymphoma in vivo. Cell 2015; 161:319-32. [PMID: 25843629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has suggested important roles for pseudogenes in physiology and disease. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pseudogenes contribute to cell transformation through several mechanisms. However, in vivo evidence for a causal role of pseudogenes in cancer development is lacking. Here, we report that mice engineered to overexpress either the full-length murine B-Raf pseudogene Braf-rs1 or its pseudo "CDS" or "3' UTR" develop an aggressive malignancy resembling human diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We show that Braf-rs1 and its human ortholog, BRAFP1, elicit their oncogenic activity, at least in part, as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that elevate BRAF expression and MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we find that transcriptional or genomic aberrations of BRAFP1 occur frequently in multiple human cancers, including B cell lymphomas. Our engineered mouse models demonstrate the oncogenic potential of pseudogenes and indicate that ceRNA-mediated microRNA sequestration may contribute to the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Karreth
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Markus Reschke
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Ruocco
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valentine Léopold
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcela Sjoberg
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Thomas M Keane
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ugo Ala
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David Wu
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nina Seitzer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Anne Bothmer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fernanda Langellotto
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Margaret A Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Maio N, Rouault TA. Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in mammalian cells: New insights into the molecular mechanisms of cluster delivery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1493-512. [PMID: 25245479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ancient, ubiquitous cofactors composed of iron and inorganic sulfur. The combination of the chemical reactivity of iron and sulfur, together with many variations of cluster composition, oxidation states and protein environments, enables Fe-S clusters to participate in numerous biological processes. Fe-S clusters are essential to redox catalysis in nitrogen fixation, mitochondrial respiration and photosynthesis, to regulatory sensing in key metabolic pathways (i.e. cellular iron homeostasis and oxidative stress response), and to the replication and maintenance of the nuclear genome. Fe-S cluster biogenesis is a multistep process that involves a complex sequence of catalyzed protein-protein interactions and coupled conformational changes between the components of several dedicated multimeric complexes. Intensive studies of the assembly process have clarified key points in the biogenesis of Fe-S proteins. However several critical questions still remain, such as: what is the role of frataxin? Why do some defects of Fe-S cluster biogenesis cause mitochondrial iron overload? How are specific Fe-S recipient proteins recognized in the process of Fe-S transfer? This review focuses on the basic steps of Fe-S cluster biogenesis, drawing attention to recent advances achieved on the identification of molecular features that guide selection of specific subsets of nascent Fe-S recipients by the cochaperone HSC20. Additionally, it outlines the distinctive phenotypes of human diseases due to mutations in the components of the basic pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziata Maio
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9000 Rockville Pike, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9000 Rockville Pike, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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An active isodicentric x chromosome in a case of refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis. Case Rep Genet 2014; 2014:205318. [PMID: 24592338 PMCID: PMC3926399 DOI: 10.1155/2014/205318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts and marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T) is a provisional entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. It displays features characteristic of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasia plus ring sideroblasts ≥15% and marked thrombocytosis. Most patients with RARS-T show a normal karyotype. We report a 76-year-old woman diagnosed with RARS-T (76% of ring sideroblasts) with JAK2 (V617F) mutation and a load of 30-40%. Classical and molecular cytogenetic (FISH) studies of a bone marrow sample revealed the presence of isodicentric X chromosome [(idic(X)(q13)]. Moreover, HUMARA assay showed the idic(X)(q13) as the active X chromosome. This finding was correlated with the cytochemical finding of ring sideroblasts. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an active isodicentric X in a woman with RARS-T.
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18
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Stehling O, Wilbrecht C, Lill R. Mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and human disease. Biochimie 2014; 100:61-77. [PMID: 24462711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Work during the past 14 years has shown that mitochondria are the primary site for the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters. In fact, it is this process that renders mitochondria essential for viability of virtually all eukaryotes, because they participate in the synthesis of the Fe/S clusters of key nuclear and cytosolic proteins such as DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and ABCE1 (Rli1), an ATPase involved in protein synthesis. As a consequence, mitochondrial function is crucial for nuclear DNA synthesis and repair, ribosomal protein synthesis, and numerous other extra-mitochondrial pathways including nucleotide metabolism and cellular iron regulation. Within mitochondria, the synthesis of Fe/S clusters and their insertion into apoproteins is assisted by 17 proteins forming the ISC (iron-sulfur cluster) assembly machinery. Biogenesis of mitochondrial Fe/S proteins can be dissected into three main steps: First, a Fe/S cluster is generated de novo on a scaffold protein. Second, the Fe/S cluster is dislocated from the scaffold and transiently bound to transfer proteins. Third, the latter components, together with specific ISC targeting factors insert the Fe/S cluster into client apoproteins. Disturbances of the first two steps impair the maturation of extra-mitochondrial Fe/S proteins and affect cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. In line with the essential function of mitochondria, genetic mutations in a number of ISC genes lead to severe neurological, hematological and metabolic diseases, often with a fatal outcome in early childhood. In this review we briefly summarize our current functional knowledge on the ISC assembly machinery, and we present a comprehensive overview of the various Fe/S protein assembly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stehling
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wilbrecht
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany; LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie SynMikro, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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19
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Yildirim E, Kirby JE, Brown DE, Mercier FE, Sadreyev RI, Scadden DT, Lee JT. Xist RNA is a potent suppressor of hematologic cancer in mice. Cell 2013; 152:727-42. [PMID: 23415223 PMCID: PMC3875356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X chromosome aneuploidies have long been associated with human cancers, but causality has not been established. In mammals, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is triggered by Xist RNA to equalize gene expression between the sexes. Here we delete Xist in the blood compartment of mice and demonstrate that mutant females develop a highly aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (mixed MPN/MDS) with 100% penetrance. Significant disease components include primary myelofibrosis, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, and vasculitis. Xist-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) show aberrant maturation and age-dependent loss. Reconstitution experiments indicate that MPN/MDS and myelofibrosis are of hematopoietic rather than stromal origin. We propose that Xist loss results in X reactivation and consequent genome-wide changes that lead to cancer, thereby causally linking the X chromosome to cancer in mice. Thus, Xist RNA not only is required to maintain XCI but also suppresses cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yildirim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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20
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Genomic profiling in high hyperdiploid acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective study of 19 cases. Cancer Genet 2012; 204:516-21. [PMID: 22018275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the rare group of complex aberrant karyotypes characterized by high hyperdiploidy (HH) is a subset with poor prognosis. Because of their rarity, few conventional cytogenetic studies have specifically addressed these patients. To identify DNA copy number aberrations at the submicroscopic level, we applied array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to samples from 19 AML patients with complex karyotypes characterized by HH (≥49 chromosomes). We found a total of 155 imbalances (average: 8.2 per patient), and a high proportion of these imbalances involved whole chromosomes (n = 75). The chromosomes most commonly gained were chromosomes 8 (58%), 21 (42%), and 19 (32%). We identified 80 segmental genomic aberrations, and losses (n = 47) were more frequent than gains (n = 33). We identified common deleted regions at 5q, 15q, 18p, and 19p. The tumor suppressor gene L3MBTL4 and zinc finger proteins reside within 18p and 19p, respectively. The aCGH analysis added new information to the karyotypic interpretations in 16 of the 19 HH AML cases (84%), leading to a significantly higher detection rate of abnormalities.
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21
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Larsson N, Lilljebjörn H, Lassen C, Johansson B, Fioretos T. Myeloid malignancies with acquired trisomy 21 as the sole cytogenetic change are clinically highly variable and display a heterogeneous pattern of copy number alterations and mutations*. Eur J Haematol 2011; 88:136-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Sato K, Torimoto Y, Hosoki T, Ikuta K, Takahashi H, Yamamoto M, Ito S, Okamura N, Ichiki K, Tanaka H, Shindo M, Hirai K, Mizukami Y, Otake T, Fujiya M, Sasaki K, Kohgo Y. Loss of ABCB7 gene: pathogenesis of mitochondrial iron accumulation in erythroblasts in refractory anemia with ringed sideroblast with isodicentric (X)(q13). Int J Hematol 2011; 93:311-318. [PMID: 21380928 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An isodicentric (X)(q13) (idicXq13) is a rare, acquired chromosomal abnormality originated by deletion of the long arm from Xq13 (Xq13-qter), and is found in female patients with hematological disorders involving increased ringed sideroblasts (RSs), which are characterized by mitochondrial iron accumulation around the erythroblast nucleus. The cause of increased RSs in idicXq13 patients is not fully understood. Here, we report the case of a 66-year-old female presenting with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and idicXq13 on G-banded analysis. We identify the loss of the ABCB7 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member-7) gene, which is located on Xq13 and is involved in mitochondrial iron transport to the cytosol, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and the decreased expression level of ABCB7 mRNA in the patient's bone marrow cells. Further FISH analyses showed that the ABCB7 gene is lost only on the active X-chromosome, not on the inactive one. We suggest that loss of ABCB7 due to deletion of Xq13-qter at idicXq13 formation may have contributed to the increased RSs in this patient. These findings suggest that loss of the ABCB7 gene may be a pathogenetic factor underlying mitochondrial iron accumulation in RARS patients with idicXq13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Torimoto
- Oncology Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hosoki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ikuta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Blood Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayo Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoka Okamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ichiki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Shindo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Otake
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kastunori Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2 jo 1 chome 1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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23
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Tefferi A, Abdel-Wahab O, Cervantes F, Crispino JD, Finazzi G, Girodon F, Gisslinger H, Gotlib J, Kiladjian JJ, Levine RL, Licht JD, Mullally A, Odenike O, Pardanani A, Silver RT, Solary E, Mughal T. Mutations with epigenetic effects in myeloproliferative neoplasms and recent progress in treatment: Proceedings from the 5th International Post-ASH Symposium. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e7. [PMID: 23471017 PMCID: PMC3255279 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediately following the 2010 annual American Society of Hematology (ASH) meeting, the 5th International Post-ASH Symposium on Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and BCR-ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) took place on 7–8 December 2010 in Orlando, Florida, USA. During this meeting, the most recent advances in laboratory research and clinical practice, including those that were presented at the 2010 ASH meeting, were discussed among recognized authorities in the field. The current paper summarizes the proceedings of this meeting in BCR-ABL1-negative MPN. We provide a detailed overview of new mutations with putative epigenetic effects (TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2), additional sex comb-like 1 (ASXL1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)) and an update on treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, pomalidomide, everolimus, interferon-α, midostaurin and cladribine. In addition, the new ‘Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS)-plus' prognostic model for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and the clinical relevance of distinguishing essential thrombocythemia from prefibrotic PMF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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24
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Mohr F, Döhner K, Buske C, Rawat VP. TET Genes: new players in DNA demethylation and important determinants for stemness. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:272-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Scott SA, Cohen N, Brandt T, Warburton PE, Edelmann L. Large inverted repeats within Xp11.2 are present at the breakpoints of isodicentric X chromosomes in Turner syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3383-93. [PMID: 20570968 PMCID: PMC2916707 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) results from whole or partial monosomy X and is mediated by haploinsufficiency of genes that normally escape X-inactivation. Although a 45,X karyotype is observed in half of all TS cases, the most frequent variant TS karyotype includes the isodicentric X chromosome alone [46,X,idic(X)(p11)] or as a mosaic [46,X,idic(X)(p11)/45,X]. Given the mechanism of idic(X)(p11) rearrangement is poorly understood and breakpoint sequence information is unknown, this study sought to investigate the molecular mechanism of idic(X)(p11) formation by determining their precise breakpoint intervals. Karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of eight idic(X)(p11) cell lines and three unbalanced Xp11.2 translocation lines identified the majority of breakpoints within a 5 Mb region, from approximately 53 to 58 Mb, in Xp11.1-p11.22, clustering into four regions. To further refine the breakpoints, a high-resolution oligonucleotide microarray (average of approximately 350 bp) was designed and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed on all 11 idic(X)(p11) and Xp11.2 translocation lines. aCGH analyses identified all breakpoint regions, including an idic(X)(p11) line with two potential breakpoints, one breakpoint shared between two idic(X)(p11) lines and two Xp translocations that shared breakpoints with idic(X)(p11) lines. Four of the breakpoint regions included large inverted repeats composed of repetitive gene clusters and segmental duplications, which corresponded to regions of copy-number variation. These data indicate that the rearrangement sites on Xp11.2 that lead to isodicentric chromosome formation and translocations are probably not random and suggest that the complex repetitive architecture of this region predisposes it to rearrangements, some of which are recurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Edelmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York 10029, USA
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26
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Tefferi A. Novel mutations and their functional and clinical relevance in myeloproliferative neoplasms: JAK2, MPL, TET2, ASXL1, CBL, IDH and IKZF1. Leukemia 2010; 24:1128-38. [PMID: 20428194 PMCID: PMC3035972 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) originate from genetically transformed hematopoietic stem cells that retain the capacity for multilineage differentiation and effective myelopoiesis. Beginning in early 2005, a number of novel mutations involving Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Myeloproliferative Leukemia Virus (MPL), TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2), Additional Sex Combs-Like 1 (ASXL1), Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene (CBL), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) have been described in BCR-ABL1-negative MPNs. However, none of these mutations were MPN specific, displayed mutual exclusivity or could be traced back to a common ancestral clone. JAK2 and MPL mutations appear to exert a phenotype-modifying effect and are distinctly associated with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis; the corresponding mutational frequencies are approximately 99, 55 and 65% for JAK2 and 0, 3 and 10% for MPL mutations. The incidence of TET2, ASXL1, CBL, IDH or IKZF1 mutations in these disorders ranges from 0 to 17%; these latter mutations are more common in chronic (TET2, ASXL1, CBL) or juvenile (CBL) myelomonocytic leukemias, mastocytosis (TET2), myelodysplastic syndromes (TET2, ASXL1) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia, including blast-phase MPN (IDH, ASXL1, IKZF1). The functional consequences of MPN-associated mutations include unregulated JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling, epigenetic modulation of transcription and abnormal accumulation of oncoproteins. However, it is not clear as to whether and how these abnormalities contribute to disease initiation, clonal evolution or blastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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