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Sundaram MV, Pujol N. The Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle and precuticle: a model for studying dynamic apical extracellular matrices in vivo. Genetics 2024; 227:iyae072. [PMID: 38995735 PMCID: PMC11304992 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) coat the exposed surfaces of animal bodies to shape tissues, influence social interactions, and protect against pathogens and other environmental challenges. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, collagenous cuticle and zona pellucida protein-rich precuticle aECMs alternately coat external epithelia across the molt cycle and play many important roles in the worm's development, behavior, and physiology. Both these types of aECMs contain many matrix proteins related to those in vertebrates, as well as some that are nematode-specific. Extensive differences observed among tissues and life stages demonstrate that aECMs are a major feature of epithelial cell identity. In addition to forming discrete layers, some cuticle components assemble into complex substructures such as ridges, furrows, and nanoscale pillars. The epidermis and cuticle are mechanically linked, allowing the epidermis to sense cuticle damage and induce protective innate immune and stress responses. The C. elegans model, with its optical transparency, facilitates the study of aECM cell biology and structure/function relationships and all the myriad ways by which aECM can influence an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
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Wu J, Yu F, Di Z, Bian L, Yang J, Wang L, Jiang Q, Yin Y, Zhang L. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue and muscle of Laiwu and Duroc pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:134-143. [PMID: 38766520 PMCID: PMC11101945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fat content is an important trait in pig production. Adipose tissue and muscle are important sites for fat deposition and affect production efficiency and quality. To regulate the fat content in these tissues, we need to understand the mechanisms behind fat deposition. Laiwu pigs, a Chinese indigenous breed, have significantly higher fat content in both adipose tissue and muscle than commercial breeds such as Duroc. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes in adipose tissue and muscle of 21-d-old Laiwu and Duroc piglets. Results showed that there were 828 and 671 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEG were enriched in metabolic pathways, especially carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Additionally, in the longissimus muscle (LM) and psoas muscle (PM), 312 and 335 DEG were identified, demonstrating enrichment in the cell cycle and metabolic pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of these DEG were analyzed and potential hub genes were identified, such as FBP1 and SCD in adipose tissues and RRM2 and GADL1 in muscles. Meanwhile, results showed that there were common DEG between adipose tissue and muscle, such as LDHB, THRSP, and DGAT2. These findings showed that there are significant differences in the transcriptomes of the adipose tissue and muscle between Laiwu and Duroc piglets (P < 0.05), especially in metabolic patterns. This insight serves to advance our comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in these tissues and provide targets for fat content regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyang Di
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Liwen Bian
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Nakakura T, Horiguchi K, Suzuki T. Collagen XIII Is the Key Molecule of Neurovascular Junctions in the Neuroendocrine System. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:658-669. [PMID: 38643753 DOI: 10.1159/000538976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Axons of magnocellular neurosecretory cells project from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe (PL) of the pituitary. In the PL, a wide perivascular space exists between the outer basement membrane (BM), where nerve axons terminate, and the inner BM lining the fenestrated capillaries. Hypothalamic axon terminals and outer BMs in the PL form neurovascular junctions. We previously had found that collagen XIII is strongly localized in the outer BMs. In this study, we investigated the role of collagen XIII in the PL of rat pituitaries. METHODS We first studied the expression of Col13a1, the gene encoding the α1 chains of collagen XIII, in rat pituitaries via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. We observed the distribution of COL13A1 in the rat pituitary using immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. We examined the expression of Col13a1 and the distribution of COL13A1 during the development of the pituitary. In addition, we examined the effects of water deprivation and arginine vasopressin (AVP) signaling on the expression of Col13a1 in the PL. RESULTS Col13a1 was expressed in NG2-positive pericytes, and COL13A1 signals were localized in the outer BM of the PL. The expression of Col13a1 was increased by water deprivation and was regulated via the AVP/AVPR1A/Gαq/11 cascade in pericytes of the PL. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pericytes surrounding fenestrated capillaries in the PL secrete COL13A1 and are involved in the construction of neurovascular junctions. COL13A1 is localized in the outer BM surrounding capillaries in the PL and may be involved in the connection between capillaries and axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Norman O, Vornanen T, Franssila H, Liinamaa J, Karvonen E, Kotkavaara T, Pohjanen VM, Ylikärppä R, Pihlajaniemi T, Hurskainen M, Heikkinen A. Expression of Collagen XIII in Tissues of the Thyroid and Orbit With Relevance to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:6. [PMID: 38564194 PMCID: PMC10996972 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antibodies against collagen XIII have previously been identified in patients with active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Although collagen XIII expression has been described in extraocular muscles and orbital fat, its detailed localization in extraocular and thyroid tissues and the connection to autoimmunity for collagen XIII remain unclear. Our objective was to map the potential targets for these antibodies in the tissues of the orbit and thyroid. Methods We evaluated the expression of collagen XIII in human patient and mouse orbital and thyroid tissues with immunostainings and RT-qPCR using Col13a1-/- mice as negative controls. COL13A1 expression in Graves' disease and goiter thyroid samples was compared with TGF-β1 and TNF, and these were also studied in human thyroid epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Results Collagen XIII expression was found in the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions of extraocular muscles, blood vessels of orbital connective tissue and fat and the thyroid, and in the thyroid epithelium. Thyroid expression was also seen in germinal centers in Graves' disease and in neoplastic epithelium. The expression of COL13A1 in goiter samples correlated with levels of TGF-B1. Upregulation of COL13A1 was reproduced in thyroid epithelial cells treated with TGF-β1. Conclusions We mapped the expression of collagen XIII to various locations in the orbit, demonstrated its expression in the pathologies of the Graves' disease thyroid and confirmed the relationship between collagen XIII and TGF-β1. Altogether, these data add to our understanding of the targets of anti-collagen XIII autoantibodies in TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Norman
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuuli Vornanen
- Department of General Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Franssila
- Department of General Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Liinamaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Karvonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Kotkavaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Centre Oulu, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Ylikärppä
- Department of General Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Hurskainen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Chrysostomou E, Mourikis P. The extracellular matrix niche of muscle stem cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:123-150. [PMID: 38670702 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Preserving the potency of stem cells in adult tissues is very demanding and relies on the concerted action of various cellular and non-cellular elements in a precise stoichiometry. This balanced microenvironment is found in specific anatomical "pockets" within the tissue, known as the stem cell niche. In this review, we explore the interplay between stem cells and their niches, with a primary focus on skeletal muscle stem cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Quiescent muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells are active producers of a diverse array of ECM molecules, encompassing major constituents like collagens, laminins, and integrins, some of which are explored in this review. The conventional perception of ECM as merely a structural scaffold is evolving. Collagens can directly interact as ligands with receptors on satellite cells, while other ECM proteins have the capacity to sequester growth factors and regulate their release, especially relevant during satellite cell turnover in homeostasis or activation upon injury. Additionally, we explore an evolutionary perspective on the ECM across a range of multicellular organisms and discuss a model wherein satellite cells are self-sustained by generating their own niche. Considering the prevalence of ECM proteins in the connective tissue of various organs it is not surprising that mutations in ECM genes have pathological implications, including in muscle, where they can lead to myopathies. However, the particular role of certain disease-related ECM proteins in stem cell maintenance highlights the potential contribution of stem cell deregulation to the progression of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chrysostomou
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), Créteil, France
| | - Philippos Mourikis
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), Créteil, France.
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Norman O, Koivunen J, Kaarteenaho R, Salo AM, Mäki JM, Myllyharju J, Pihlajaniemi T, Heikkinen A. Contribution of collagen XIII to lung function and development of pulmonary fibrosis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001850. [PMID: 38568728 PMCID: PMC10729248 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen XIII is a transmembrane collagen associated with neuromuscular junction development, and in humans its deficiency results in congenital myasthenic syndrome type 19 (CMS19), which leads to breathing difficulties. CMS19 patients usually have restricted lung capacity and one patient developed chronic lung disease. In single-cell RNA sequencing studies, collagen XIII has been identified as a marker for pulmonary lipofibroblasts, which have been implicated in the resolution of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS We investigated the location and function of collagen XIII in the lung to understand the origin of pulmonary symptoms in human CMS19 patients. Additionally, we performed immunostainings on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) samples (N=5) and both normal and fibrotic mouse lung. To study whether the lack of collagen XIII predisposes to restrictive lung disease, we exposed Col13a1-modified mice to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Apparently normal alveolar septum sections of IPF patients' lungs stained faintly for collagen XIII, and its expression was pinpointed to the septal fibroblasts in the mouse lung. Lung capacity was increased in mice lacking collagen XIII by over 10%. In IPF samples, collagen XIII was expressed by basal epithelial cells, hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells and stromal cells in fibrotic areas, but the development of pulmonary fibrosis was unaffected in collagen XIII-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Changes in mouse lung function appear to represent a myasthenic manifestation of collagen XIII deficiency. We suggest that respiratory muscle myasthenia is the primary cause of the breathing problems suffered by CMS19 patients in addition to skeletal deformities. Induction of collagen XIII expression in the IPF patients' lungs warrants further studies to reveal collagen XIII-dependent disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Norman
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Koivunen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti M Salo
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joni M Mäki
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Xu D, Wan B, Qiu K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jiao N, Yan E, Wu J, Yu R, Gao S, Du M, Liu C, Li M, Fan G, Yin J. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Provides Insight into Skeletal Muscle Evolution during the Selection of Muscle Characteristics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305080. [PMID: 37870215 PMCID: PMC10724408 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises a large, heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact to maintain muscle homeostasis, but little is known about the mechanism that controls myogenic development in response to artificial selection. Different pig (Sus scrofa) breeds exhibit distinct muscle phenotypes resulting from domestication and selective breeding. Using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq), the impact of artificial selection on cell profiles is investigated in neonatal skeletal muscle of pigs. This work provides panoramic muscle-resident cell profiles and identifies novel and breed-specific cells, mapping them on pseudotime trajectories. Artificial selection has elicited significant changes in muscle-resident cell profiles, while conserving signs of generational environmental challenges. These results suggest that fibro-adipogenic progenitors serve as a cellular interaction hub and that specific transcription factors identified here may serve as candidate target regulons for the pursuit of a specific muscle phenotype. Furthermore, a cross-species comparison of humans, mice, and pigs illustrates the conservation and divergence of mammalian muscle ontology. The findings of this study reveal shifts in cellular heterogeneity, novel cell subpopulations, and their interactions that may greatly facilitate the understanding of the mechanism underlying divergent muscle phenotypes arising from artificial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Boyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Run Yu
- Beijing National Day SchoolBeijing100039China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciences and School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | | | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu625014China
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human GeneticsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
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Qaisar R. Targeting neuromuscular junction to treat neuromuscular disorders. Life Sci 2023; 333:122186. [PMID: 37858716 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and preservation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the interface between the motor neuron and skeletal muscle, is critical for maintaining a healthy skeletal muscle. The structural and/or functional defects in the three cellular components of NMJ, namely the pre-synaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and post-synaptic region, negatively affect skeletal muscle mass and/or strength. Therefore, NMJ repair appears to be an appropriate therapy for muscle disorders. Mouse models provide a detailed molecular characterization of various cellular components of NMJ with relevance to human diseases. This review discusses different molecular targets on the three cellular components of NMJ for treating muscle diseases. The potential effects of these therapies on NMJ morphology and motor performance, their therapeutic efficacy, and clinical relevance are discussed. Collectively, the available data supports targeting NMJ alone or as an adjunct therapy in treating muscle disorders. However, the potential impact of such interventions on human patients with muscle disorders requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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9
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Ohno K, Ohkawara B, Shen XM, Selcen D, Engel AG. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Caused by 35 Genes-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043730. [PMID: 36835142 PMCID: PMC9961056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired neuromuscular signal transmission due to germline pathogenic variants in genes expressed at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). A total of 35 genes have been reported in CMS (AGRN, ALG14, ALG2, CHAT, CHD8, CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRND, CHRNE, CHRNG, COL13A1, COLQ, DOK7, DPAGT1, GFPT1, GMPPB, LAMA5, LAMB2, LRP4, MUSK, MYO9A, PLEC, PREPL, PURA, RAPSN, RPH3A, SCN4A, SLC18A3, SLC25A1, SLC5A7, SNAP25, SYT2, TOR1AIP1, UNC13A, VAMP1). The 35 genes can be classified into 14 groups according to the pathomechanical, clinical, and therapeutic features of CMS patients. Measurement of compound muscle action potentials elicited by repetitive nerve stimulation is required to diagnose CMS. Clinical and electrophysiological features are not sufficient to identify a defective molecule, and genetic studies are always required for accurate diagnosis. From a pharmacological point of view, cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in most groups of CMS, but are contraindicated in some groups of CMS. Similarly, ephedrine, salbutamol (albuterol), amifampridine are effective in most but not all groups of CMS. This review extensively covers pathomechanical and clinical features of CMS by citing 442 relevant articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xin-Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew G. Engel
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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Kemppainen AV, Finnilä MA, Heikkinen A, Härönen H, Izzi V, Kauppinen S, Saarakkala S, Pihlajaniemi T, Koivunen J. The CMS19 disease model specifies a pivotal role for collagen XIII in bone homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5866. [PMID: 35393492 PMCID: PMC8990013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the COL13A1 gene result in congenital myasthenic syndrome type 19 (CMS19), a disease of neuromuscular synapses and including various skeletal manifestations, particularly facial dysmorphisms. The phenotypic consequences in Col13a1 null mice (Col13a1−/−) recapitulate the muscle findings of the CMS19 patients. Collagen XIII (ColXIII) is exists as two forms, a transmembrane protein and a soluble molecule. While the Col13a1−/− mice have poorly formed neuromuscular junctions, the prevention of shedding of the ColXIII ectodomain in the Col13a1tm/tm mice results in acetylcholine receptor clusters of increased size and complexity. In view of the bone abnormalities in CMS19, we here studied the tubular and calvarial bone morphology of the Col13a1−/− mice. We discovered several craniofacial malformations, albeit less pronounced ones than in the human disease, and a reduction of cortical bone mass in aged mice. In the Col13a1tm/tm mice, where ColXIII is synthesized but the ectodomain shedding is prevented due to a mutation in a protease recognition sequence, the cortical bone mass decreased as well with age and the cephalometric analyses revealed significant craniofacial abnormalities but no clear phenotypical pattern. To conclude, our data indicates an intrinsic role for ColXIII, particularly the soluble form, in the upkeep of bone with aging and suggests the possibility of previously undiscovered bone pathologies in patients with CMS19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kemppainen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - M A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Heikkinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Härönen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Izzi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kauppinen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Koivunen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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12
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Kediha MI, Tazir M, Sternberg D, Eymard B, Alipacha L. Moderate phenotype of a congenital myasthenic syndrome type 19 caused by mutation of the COL13A1 gene: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:134. [PMID: 35337379 PMCID: PMC8957144 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by mutations in the COL13A1 gene are very rare and have a phenotype described as severe. We present the first case of congenital myasthenic syndrome described in Algeria and the Maghreb with a new mutation of this gene. Case presentation We present an 8-year-old Algerian female patient, who presented with a moderate phenotype with bilateral ptosis that fluctuates during the day and has occurred since birth. During the investigation, and despite the very probable congenital origin, we ruled out other diagnoses that could induce pathology of the neuromuscular junction. The genetic study confirmed our diagnosis suspicion by highlighting a new mutation in the COL13A1 gene. Conclusion We report a case with a mutation of the Col13A1 gene, reported in the Maghreb (North Africa), and whose phenotype is moderate compared with the majority of cases found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Islam Kediha
- Neurology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Benyoucef Benkhedda University, Algiers, Algeria. .,Neurology Department, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Meriem Tazir
- Neurology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Benyoucef Benkhedda University, Algiers, Algeria.,Neurology Department, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Myogenetics Laboratory, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Myogenetics Laboratory, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lamia Alipacha
- Neurology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Benyoucef Benkhedda University, Algiers, Algeria.,Neurology Department, Pitié Salpetriére University Hospital, Paris, France
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13
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Inactivation of mouse transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase increases blood brain barrier permeability and ischemia-induced cerebral neuroinflammation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101721. [PMID: 35151685 PMCID: PMC8914383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) regulate the hypoxic induction of >300 genes required for survival and adaptation under oxygen deprivation. Inhibition of HIF-P4H-2 has been shown to be protective in focal cerebral ischemia rodent models, while that of HIF-P4H-1 has no effects and inactivation of HIF-P4H-3 has adverse effects. A transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H-TM) is highly expressed in the brain and contributes to the regulation of HIF, but the outcome of its inhibition on stroke is yet unknown. To study this, we subjected WT and P4htm−/− mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Lack of P4H-TM had no effect on lesion size following pMCAO, but increased inflammatory microgliosis and neutrophil infiltration was observed in the P4htm−/− cortex. Furthermore, both the permeability of blood brain barrier and ultrastructure of cerebral tight junctions were compromised in P4htm−/− mice. At the molecular level, P4H-TM deficiency led to increased expression of proinflammatory genes and robust activation of protein kinases in the cortex, while expression of tight junction proteins and the neuroprotective growth factors erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor was reduced. Our data provide the first evidence that P4H-TM inactivation has no protective effect on infarct size and increases inflammatory microgliosis and neutrophil infiltration in the cortex at early stage after pMCAO. When considering HIF-P4H inhibitors as potential therapeutics in stroke, the current data support that isoenzyme-selective inhibitors that do not target P4H-TM or HIF-P4H-3 would be preferred.
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14
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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15
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Koivunen J, Tu H, Kemppainen A, Anbazhagan P, Finnilä MA, Saarakkala S, Käpylä J, Lu N, Heikkinen A, Juffer AH, Heino J, Gullberg D, Pihlajaniemi T. Integrin α11β1 is a receptor for collagen XIII. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:1135-1153. [PMID: 33306155 PMCID: PMC7960628 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XIII is a conserved transmembrane collagen mainly expressed in mesenchymal tissues. Previously, we have shown that collagen XIII modulates tissue development and homeostasis. Integrins are a family of receptors that mediate signals from the environment into the cells and vice versa. Integrin α11β1 is a collagen receptor known to recognize the GFOGER (O=hydroxyproline) sequence in collagens. Interestingly, collagen XIII and integrin α11β1 both have a role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. To study whether α11β1 is a receptor for collagen XIII, we utilized C2C12 cells transfected to express α11β1 as their only collagen receptor. The interaction between collagen XIII and integrin α11β1 was also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays. We discovered that integrin α11β1 mediates cell adhesion to two collagenous motifs, namely GPKGER and GF(S)QGEK, that were shown to act as the recognition sites for the integrin α11-I domain. Furthermore, we studied the in vivo significance of the α11β1-collagen XIII interaction by crossbreeding α11 null mice (Itga11-/-) with mice overexpressing Col13a1 (Col13a1oe). When we evaluated the bone morphology by microcomputed tomography, Col13a1oe mice had a drastic bone overgrowth followed by severe osteoporosis, whereas the double mutant mouse line showed a much milder bone phenotype. To conclude, our data identifies integrin α11β1 as a new collagen XIII receptor and demonstrates that this ligand-receptor pair has a role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Kemppainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Padmanabhan Anbazhagan
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - André H Juffer
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland.
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16
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Wakabayashi T. Transmembrane Collagens in Neuromuscular Development and Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:635375. [PMID: 33536873 PMCID: PMC7848082 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.635375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular development is a multistep process and involves interactions among various extracellular and transmembrane molecules that facilitate the precise targeting of motor axons to synaptogenic regions of the target muscle. Collagenous proteins with transmembrane domains have recently emerged as molecules that play essential roles in multiple aspects of neuromuscular formation. Membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (MACITs) are classified as an unconventional subtype of the collagen superfamily and have been implicated in cell adhesion in a variety of tissues, including the neuromuscular system. Collagen XXV, the latest member of the MACITs, plays an essential role in motor axon growth within the developing muscle. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of collagen XXV result in developmental ocular motor disorders. In contrast, collagen XIII contributes to the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and disruption of its function leads to the congenital myasthenic syndrome. Transmembrane collagens are conserved not only in mammals but also in organisms such as C. elegans, where a single MACIT, COL-99, has been documented to function in motor innervation. Furthermore, in C. elegans, a collagen-like transmembrane protein, UNC-122, is implicated in the structural and functional integrity of the NMJ. This review article summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles of transmembrane collagens and underlying molecular mechanisms in multiple aspects of neuromuscular development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Wakabayashi
- Department of Innovative Dementia Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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The multiple biological roles of the cholinesterases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 162:41-56. [PMID: 33307019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is tacitly assumed that the biological role of acetylcholinesterase is termination of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses. However, together with its structural homolog, butyrylcholinesterase, it is widely distributed both within and outside the nervous system, and, in many cases, the role of both enzymes remains obscure. The transient appearance of the cholinesterases in embryonic tissues is especially enigmatic. The two enzymes' extra-synaptic roles, which are known as 'non-classical' roles, are the topic of this review. Strong evidence has been presented that AChE and BChE play morphogenetic roles in a variety of eukaryotic systems, and they do so either by acting as adhesion proteins, or as trophic factors. As trophic factors, one mode of action is to directly regulate morphogenesis, such as neurite outgrowth, by poorly understood mechanisms. The other mode is by regulating levels of acetylcholine, which acts as the direct trophic factor. Alternate substrates have been sought for the cholinesterases. Quite recently, it was shown that levels of the aggression hormone, ghrelin, which also controls appetite, are regulated by butyrylcholinesterase. The rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase generates high local proton concentrations. The possible biophysical and biological consequences of this effect are discussed. The biological significance of the acetylcholinesterases secreted by parasitic nematodes is reviewed, and, finally, the involvement of acetylcholinesterase in apoptosis is considered.
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18
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Collagens at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction, from structure to pathologies. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135155. [PMID: 32534096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix at the neuromuscular junction is built upon components secreted by the motoneuron, the muscle cell and terminal Schwann cells, the cells constituting this specific synapse. This compartment contains glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagens that form a dense and specialized layer, the synaptic basal lamina. A number of these molecules are known to play a crucial role in anterograde and retrograde signalings that are active in neuromuscular junction formation, maintenance and function. Here, we focus on the isoforms of collagens which are enriched at the synapse. We summarize what we know of their structure, their function and their interactions with transmembrane receptors and other components of the synaptic basal lamina. A number of neuromuscular diseases, congenital myastenic syndromes and myasthenia gravis are caused by human mutations and autoantibodies against these proteins. Analysis of these diseases and of the specific collagen knock-out mice highlights the roles of some of these collagens in promoting a functional synapse.
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19
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Takamori M. Myasthenia Gravis: From the Viewpoint of Pathogenicity Focusing on Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, Trans-Synaptic Homeostasis and Synaptic Stability. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32547365 PMCID: PMC7272578 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChRs) are targeted by autoantibodies. Search for other pathogenic antigens has detected the antibodies against muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and low-density lipoprotein-related protein 4 (Lrp4), both causing pre- and post-synaptic impairments. Agrin is also suspected as a fourth pathogen. In a complex NMJ organization centering on MuSK: (1) the Wnt non-canonical pathway through the Wnt-Lrp4-MuSK cysteine-rich domain (CRD)-Dishevelled (Dvl, scaffold protein) signaling acts to form AChR prepatterning with axonal guidance; (2) the neural agrin-Lrp4-MuSK (Ig1/2 domains) signaling acts to form rapsyn-anchored AChR clusters at the innervated stage of muscle; (3) adaptor protein Dok-7 acts on MuSK activation for AChR clustering from “inside” and also on cytoskeleton to stabilize AChR clusters by the downstream effector Sorbs1/2; (4) the trans-synaptic retrograde signaling contributes to the presynaptic organization via: (i) Wnt-MuSK CRD-Dvl-β catenin-Slit 2 pathway; (ii) Lrp4; and (iii) laminins. The presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis conditioning ACh release is modified by autoreceptors such as M1-type muscarinic AChR and A2A adenosine receptors. The post-synaptic structure is stabilized by: (i) laminin-network including the muscle-derived agrin; (ii) the extracellular matrix proteins (including collagen Q/perlecan and biglycan which link to MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD); and (iii) the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. The study on MuSK ectodomains (Ig1/2 domains and CRD) recognized by antibodies suggested that the MuSK antibodies were pathologically heterogeneous due to their binding to multiple functional domains. Focussing one of the matrix proteins, biglycan which functions in the manner similar to collagen Q, our antibody assay showed the negative result in MG patients. However, the synaptic stability may be impaired by antibodies against MuSK ectodomains because of the linkage of biglycan with MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD. The pathogenic diversity of MG is discussed based on NMJ signaling molecules.
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20
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Shi JW, Lai ZZ, Yang HL, Yang SL, Wang CJ, Ao D, Ruan LY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Mei J, Fu Q, Li MQ. Collagen at the maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2220-2234. [PMID: 32549767 PMCID: PMC7294936 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival and development of a semi-allogenic fetus during pregnancy require special immune tolerance microenvironment at the maternal fetal interface. During the establishment of a successful pregnancy, the endometrium undergoes a series of changes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) breaks down and remodels. Collagen is one of the most abundant ECM. Emerging evidence has shown that collagen and its fragment are expressed at the maternal fetal interface. The regulation of expression of collagen is quite complex, and this process involves a multitude of factors. Collagen exerts a critical role during the successful pregnancy. In addition, the abnormal expressions of collagen and its fragments are associated with certain pathological states associated with pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, diabetes mellitus with pregnancy, preeclampsia and so on. In this review, the expression and potential roles of collagen under conditions of physiological and pathological pregnancy are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Ao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yu Ruan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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21
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The congenital myasthenic syndromes: expanding genetic and phenotypic spectrums and refining treatment strategies. Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 32:696-703. [PMID: 31361628 PMCID: PMC6735524 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins whose function is essential for the integrity of neuromuscular transmission. This review updates the reader on the expanding phenotypic spectrum and suggested improved treatment strategies.
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22
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Csapo R, Gumpenberger M, Wessner B. Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix - What Do We Know About Its Composition, Regulation, and Physiological Roles? A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:253. [PMID: 32265741 PMCID: PMC7096581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest body-composition component in humans. In addition to its primary function in the maintenance of upright posture and the production of movement, it also plays important roles in many other physiological processes, including thermogenesis, metabolism and the secretion of peptides for communication with other tissues. Research attempting to unveil these processes has traditionally focused on muscle fibers, i.e., the contractile muscle cells. However, it is a frequently overlooked fact that muscle fibers reside in a three-dimensional scaffolding that consists of various collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and elastin, and is commonly referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). While initially believed to be relatively inert, current research reveals the involvement of ECM cells in numerous important physiological processes. In interaction with other cells, such as fibroblasts or cells of the immune system, the ECM regulates muscle development, growth and repair and is essential for effective muscle contraction and force transmission. Since muscle ECM is highly malleable, its texture and, consequently, physiological roles may be affected by physical training and disuse, aging or various diseases, such as diabetes. With the aim to stimulate increased efforts to study this still poorly understood tissue, this narrative review summarizes the current body of knowledge on (i) the composition and structure of the ECM, (ii) molecular pathways involved in ECM remodeling, (iii) the physiological roles of muscle ECM, (iv) dysregulations of ECM with aging and disease as well as (v) the adaptations of muscle ECM to training and disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Matthias Gumpenberger
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Department of Sports Medicine, Exercise Physiology and Prevention, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Rodríguez Cruz PM, Cossins J, Estephan EDP, Munell F, Selby K, Hirano M, Maroofin R, Mehrjardi MYV, Chow G, Carr A, Manzur A, Robb S, Munot P, Wei Liu W, Banka S, Fraser H, De Goede C, Zanoteli E, Conti Reed U, Sage A, Gratacos M, Macaya A, Dusl M, Senderek J, Töpf A, Hofer M, Knight R, Ramdas S, Jayawant S, Lochmüller H, Palace J, Beeson D. The clinical spectrum of the congenital myasthenic syndrome resulting from COL13A1 mutations. Brain 2020; 142:1547-1560. [PMID: 31081514 PMCID: PMC6752227 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing techniques were recently used to show mutations in COL13A1 cause synaptic basal lamina-associated congenital myasthenic syndrome type 19. Animal studies showed COL13A1, a synaptic extracellular-matrix protein, is involved in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse that appears independent of the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK-DOK7 acetylcholine receptor clustering pathway. Here, we report the phenotypic spectrum of 16 patients from 11 kinships harbouring homozygous or heteroallelic mutations in COL13A1. Clinical presentation was mostly at birth with hypotonia and breathing and feeding difficulties often requiring ventilation and artificial feeding. Respiratory crisis related to recurrent apnoeas, sometimes triggered by chest infections, were common early in life but resolved over time. The predominant pattern of muscle weakness included bilateral ptosis (non-fatigable in adulthood), myopathic facies and marked axial weakness, especially of neck flexion, while limb muscles were less involved. Other features included facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities and mild learning difficulties. All patients tested had results consistent with abnormal neuromuscular transmission. Muscle biopsies were within normal limits or showed non-specific changes. Muscle MRI and serum creatine kinase levels were normal. In keeping with COL13A1 mutations affecting both synaptic structure and presynaptic function, treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine and salbutamol resulted in motor and respiratory function improvement. In non-treated cases, disease severity and muscle strength improved gradually over time and several adults recovered normal muscle strength in the limbs. In summary, patients with COL13A1 mutations present mostly with severe early-onset myasthenic syndrome with feeding and breathing difficulties. Axial weakness is greater than limb weakness. Disease course improves gradually over time, which could be consistent with the less prominent role of COL13A1 once the neuromuscular junction is mature. This report emphasizes the role of collagens at the human muscle endplate and should facilitate the recognition of this disorder, which can benefit from pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Rodríguez Cruz
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith Cossins
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo de Paula Estephan
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francina Munell
- Neuromuscular disorders Group, Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn Selby
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reza Maroofin
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | | | - Gabriel Chow
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aisling Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Robb
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Wei Wei Liu
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Harry Fraser
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Umbertina Conti Reed
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abigail Sage
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margarida Gratacos
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Neuromuscular disorders Group, Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Dusl
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Töpf
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Hofer
- Department of Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ravi Knight
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, John Radcliffe Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sithara Ramdas
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Perisynaptic schwann cells - The multitasking cells at the developing neuromuscular junctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:31-38. [PMID: 32147379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are specialized synapses in the peripheral nervous system that allow the transmission of neuronal impulses to skeletal muscles for their contraction. Due to its size and accessibility, the NMJ is a commonly used model for studying basic principles of synapse organization and function. Similar to synapses in the central nervous system, NMJs are composed of presynaptic axonal terminals, the postsynaptic machinery formed at the membrane of the muscle fibers, and the synapse-associated glial cells. The special glial cells at the NMJs are called terminal Schwann cells or perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs). Decades of studies on the NMJ, as well as the most recent discoveries, have revealed multiple functions for PSCs at different stages of synaptic formation, maintenance, and disassembly. This review summarizes major observations in the field.
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25
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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26
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Wu S, Yan M, Ge R, Cheng CY. Crosstalk between Sertoli and Germ Cells in Male Fertility. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:215-231. [PMID: 31727542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is supported by intricate crosstalk between Sertoli cells and germ cells including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, haploid spermatids, and spermatozoa, which takes place in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells, also known as 'mother' or 'nurse' cells, provide nutrients, paracrine factors, cytokines, and other biomolecules to support germ cell development. Sertoli cells facilitate the generation of several biologically active peptides, which include F5-, noncollagenous 1 (NC1)-, and laminin globular (LG)3/4/5-peptide, to modulate cellular events across the epithelium. Here, we critically evaluate the involvement of these peptides in facilitating crosstalk between Sertoli and germ cells to support spermatogenesis and thus fertility. Modulating or mimicking the activity of F5-, NC1-, and LG3/4/5-peptide could be used to enhance the transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) of contraceptive drugs or to treat male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Exploring the roles of MACIT and multiplexin collagens in stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:134-148. [PMID: 31479735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is ubiquitously involved in neoplastic transformation, tumour growth and metastatic dissemination, and the interplay between tumour and stromal cells and the ECM is now considered crucial for the formation of a tumour-supporting microenvironment. The 28 different collagens (Col) form a major ECM protein family and display extraordinary functional diversity in tissue homeostasis as well as in pathological conditions, with functions ranging from structural support for tissues to regulatory binding activities and storage of biologically active cryptic domains releasable through ECM proteolysis. Two subfamilies of collagens, namely the plasma membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple-helices (MACITs, including ColXIII, ColXXIII and ColXXV) and the basement membrane-associated collagens with multiple triple-helix domains with interruptions (multiplexins, including ColXV and ColXVIII), have highly interesting regulatory functions in tissue and organ development, as well as in various diseases, including cancer. An increasing, albeit yet sparse, data suggest that these collagens play crucial roles in conveying regulatory signals from the extracellular space to cells. We summarize here the current knowledge about MACITs and multiplexins as regulators of stemness and oncogenic processes, as well as their roles in influencing cell fate decisions in healthy and cancerous tissues. In addition, we present a bioinformatic analysis of the impacts of MACITs and multiplexins transcript levels on the prognosis of patients representing a wide array of malignant diseases, to aid future diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.
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28
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Koivunen J, Kemppainen AV, Finnilä MA, Keski-Filppula R, Härönen H, Tu H, Pellikka H, Heikkinen A, Kylmäoja E, Sormunen R, Miinalainen I, Saarakkala S, Izzi V, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII-derived ectodomain regulates bone angiogenesis and intracortical remodeling. Matrix Biol 2019; 83:6-25. [PMID: 31220558 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative bone disease that occurs when the balance of bone production and resorption is perturbed. Loss of bone mass or alteration in its quality leads to significant weakening of the bones and subsequently to higher fracture risk. Collagen XIII (ColXIII) is a conserved transmembrane protein expressed in many mesenchymal tissues. Here we show that ColXIII is a regulator of bone remodeling niche. In this study, we found that ColXIII expression is significantly upregulated in osteoporotic patients. In view of that, we studied bone homeostasis in ColXIII-overexpressing mice (Col13a1oe) up to 72 weeks of age and observed a cortical bone overgrowth followed by a drastic bone loss, together with increased bone vascularization. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the ColXIII-derived ectodomain enhances angiogenesis through β1-integrins and the JNK pathway. Consequently, these data suggest that ColXIII has a role in age-dependent cortical bone deterioration with possible implications for osteoporosis and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Antti V Kemppainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Härönen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Pellikka
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Kylmäoja
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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29
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Marquardt RJ, Li Y. Congenital myasthenic syndrome type 19 due to a novel mutation in the COL13A1 GENE. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:E3-E4. [PMID: 31018245 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Marquardt
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuebing Li
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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30
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Collagen XXV promotes myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5878. [PMID: 30971718 PMCID: PMC6458142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myofibers is crucial for skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the mechanisms controlling this process remain to be determined. Here we identified the involvement of a new extracellular matrix protein in myoblast fusion. Collagen XXV is a transmembrane-type collagen highly transcribed during early myogenesis when primary myofibers form. Limb muscles of E12.5 and E14.5 Col25a1−/− embryos show a clear defect in the formation of multinucleated myofibers. In cell culture, the cleaved soluble extracellular domain of the collagen XXV is sufficient to promote the formation of highly multinucleated myofibers. Col25a1 is transiently expressed during myogenic differentiation and Col25a1 transcripts are down-regulated in multinucleated myofibers by a muscle-specific microRNA, miR-499. Altogether, these findings indicate that collagen XXV is required in vivo and in vitro for the fusion of myoblasts into myofibers and give further evidence that microRNAs participate to the regulation of this process.
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31
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Legay C. Congenital myasthenic syndromes with acetylcholinesterase deficiency, the pathophysiological mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1413:104-110. [PMID: 29405353 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a cholinergic synapse in vertebrates. This synapse connects motoneurons to muscles and is responsible for muscle contraction, a physiological process that is essential for survival. A key factor for the normal functioning of this synapse is the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synaptic cleft. This is ensured by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which degrades ACh. A number of mutations in synaptic genes expressed in motoneurons or muscle cells have been identified and are causative for a class of neuromuscular diseases called congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs). One of these CMSs is due to deficiency in AChE, which is absent or diffuse in the synaptic cleft. Here, I focus on the origins of the syndrome. The role of ColQ, a collagen that anchors AChE in the synaptic cleft, is discussed in this context. Studies performed on patient biopsies, transgenic mice, and muscle cultures have provided a more comprehensive view of the connectome at the NMJ that should be useful for understanding the differences in the symptoms observed in specific CMSs due to mutated proteins in the synaptic cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Legay
- CNRS 8119, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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32
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Heikkinen A, Härönen H, Norman O, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII and Other ECM Components in the Assembly and Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1653-1663. [PMID: 30768864 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alongside playing structural roles, the extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as an interaction platform for cellular homeostasis, organ development, and maintenance. The necessity of the ECM is highlighted by the diverse, sometimes very serious diseases that stem from defects in its components. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a large peripheral motor synapse differing from its central counterparts through the ECM included at the synaptic cleft. Such synaptic basal lamina (BL) is specialized to support NMJ establishment, differentiation, maturation, stabilization, and function and diverges in molecular composition from the extrasynaptic ECM. Mutations, toxins, and autoantibodies may compromise NMJ integrity and function, thereby leading to congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), poisoning, and autoimmune diseases, respectively, and all these conditions may involve synaptic ECM molecules. With neurotransmission degraded or blocked, muscle function is impaired or even prevented. At worst, this can be fatal. The article reviews the synaptic BL composition required for assembly and function of the NMJ molecular machinery through the lens of studies primarily with mouse models but also with human patients. In-depth focus is given to collagen XIII, a postsynaptic-membrane-spanning but also shed ECM protein that in recent years has been revealed to be a significant component for the NMJ. Its deficiency in humans causes CMS, and autoantibodies against it have been recognized in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Mouse models have exposed numerous details that appear to recapitulate human NMJ phenotypes relatively faithfully and thereby can be readily used to generate information necessary for understanding and ultimately treating human diseases. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Härönen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oula Norman
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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33
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Congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by novel COL13A1 mutations. J Neurol 2019; 266:1107-1112. [PMID: 30767057 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XIII is a non-fibrillar transmembrane collagen which has been long recognized for its critical role in synaptic maturation of the neuromuscular junction. More recently, biallelic COL13A1 loss-of-function mutations were identified in three patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), a rare inherited condition with defective neuromuscular transmission, causing abnormal fatigability and fluctuating muscle weakness and often successfully treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Here we report six additional CMS patients from three unrelated families with previously unreported homozygous COL13A1 loss-of-function mutations (p.Tyr216*, p.Glu543fs and p.Thr629fs). The phenotype of our cases was similar to the previously reported patients including respiratory distress and severe dysphagia at birth that often resolved or improved in the first days or weeks of life. All individuals had prominent eyelid ptosis with only minor ophthalmoparesis as well as generalized muscle weakness, predominantly affecting facial, bulbar, respiratory and axial muscles. Response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment was generally negative while salbutamol proved beneficial. Our data further support the causality of COL13A1 variants for CMS and suggest that this type of CMS might be clinically homogenous and requires alternative pharmacological therapy.
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34
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Härönen H, Zainul Z, Naumenko N, Sormunen R, Miinalainen I, Shakirzyanova A, Santoleri S, Kemppainen AV, Giniatullin R, Pihlajaniemi T, Heikkinen A. Correct expression and localization of collagen XIII are crucial for the normal formation and function of the neuromuscular system. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1491-1511. [PMID: 30667565 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane collagen XIII has been linked to maturation of the musculoskeletal system. Its absence in mice (Col13a1-/- ) results in impaired neuromuscular junction (NMJ) differentiation and function, while transgenic overexpression (Col13a1oe ) leads to abnormally high bone mass. Similarly, loss-of-function mutations in COL13A1 in humans produce muscle weakness, decreased motor synapse function and mild dysmorphic skeletal features. Here, analysis of the exogenous overexpression of collagen XIII in various muscles revealed highly increased transcript and protein levels, especially in the diaphragm. Unexpectedly, the main location of exogenous collagen XIII in the muscle was extrasynaptic, in fibroblast-like cells, while some motor synapses were devoid of collagen XIII, possibly due to a dominant negative effect. Concomitantly, phenotypical changes in the NMJs of the Col13a1oe mice partly resembled those previously observed in Col13a1-/- mice. Namely, the overall increase in collagen XIII expression in the muscle produced both pre- and postsynaptic abnormalities at the NMJ, especially in the diaphragm. We discovered delayed and compromised acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering, axonal neurofilament aggregation, patchy acetylcholine vesicle (AChV) accumulation, disrupted adhesion of the nerve and muscle, Schwann cell invagination and altered evoked synaptic function. Furthermore, the patterns of the nerve trunks and AChR clusters in the diaphragm were broader in the adult muscles, and already prenatally in the Col13a1oe mice, suggesting collagen XIII involvement in the development of the neuromuscular system. Overall, these results confirm the role of collagen XIII at the neuromuscular synapses and highlight the importance of its correct expression and localization for motor synapse formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Härönen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zarin Zainul
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sabrina Santoleri
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antti V Kemppainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Animal Models of the Neuromuscular Junction, Vitally Informative for Understanding Function and the Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051326. [PMID: 29710836 PMCID: PMC5983836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the point of contact between motor nerve and skeletal muscle, its vital role in muscle function is reliant on the precise location and function of many proteins. Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders of neuromuscular transmission with 30 or more implicated proteins. The use of animal models has been instrumental in determining the specific role of many CMS-related proteins. The mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been extensively studied in animal models of CMS due to its amenability for detailed electrophysiological and histological investigations and relative similarity to human NMJ. As well as their use to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of CMS variants, where an animal model accurately reflects the human phenotype they become useful tools for study of therapeutic interventions. Many of the animal models that have been important in deconvolving the complexities of neuromuscular transmission and revealing the molecular mechanisms of disease are highlighted.
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36
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Collagen XIII Is Required for Neuromuscular Synapse Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4243-4258. [PMID: 29626165 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3119-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XIII occurs as both a transmembrane-bound and a shed extracellular protein and is able to regulate the formation and function of neuromuscular synapses. Its absence results in myasthenia: presynaptic and postsynaptic defects at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), leading to destabilization of the motor nerves, muscle regeneration and atrophy. Mutations in COL13A1 have recently been found to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome, characterized by fatigue and chronic muscle weakness, which may be lethal. We show here that muscle defects in collagen XIII-deficient mice stabilize in adulthood, so that the disease is not progressive until very late. Sciatic nerve crush was performed to examine how the lack of collagen XIII or forced expression of its transmembrane form affects the neuromuscular synapse regeneration and functional recovery following injury. We show that collagen XIII-deficient male mice are unable to achieve complete NMJ regeneration and functional recovery. This is mainly attributable to presynaptic defects that already existed in the absence of collagen XIII before injury. Shedding of the ectodomain is not required, as the transmembrane form of collagen XIII alone fully rescues the phenotype. Thus, collagen XIII could serve as a therapeutic agent in cases of injury-induced PNS regeneration and functional recovery. We conclude that intrinsic alterations at the NMJ in Col13a1-/- mice contribute to impaired and incomplete NMJ regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. However, such alterations do not progress once they have stabilized in early adulthood, emphasizing the role of collagen XIII in NMJ maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Collagen XIII is required for gaining and maintaining the normal size, complexity, and functional capacity of neuromuscular synapses. Loss-of-function mutations in COL13A1 cause congenital myasthenic syndrome 19, characterized by postnatally progressive muscle fatigue, which compromises patients' functional capacity. We show here in collagen XIII-deficient mice that the disease stabilizes in adulthood once the NMJs have matured. This study also describes a relevant contribution of the altered NMJ morphology and function to neuromuscular synapses, and PNS regeneration and functional recovery in collagen XIII-deficient mice after peripheral nerve injury. Correlating the animal model data on collagen XIII-associated congenital myasthenic syndrome, it can be speculated that neuromuscular connections in congenital myasthenic syndrome patients are not able to fully regenerate and restore normal functionality if exposed to peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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38
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Beeson D, Cossins J, Rodriguez-Cruz P, Maxwell S, Liu WW, Palace J. Myasthenic syndromes due to defects in COL13A1 and in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1413:163-169. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
| | - Judith Cossins
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
| | - Pedro Rodriguez-Cruz
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Level 3 The West Wing; The John Radcliffe Oxford UK
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39
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Tu H, Pirskanen-Matell R, Heikkinen A, Oikarainen T, Risteli J, Pihlajaniemi T. Autoimmune antibodies to collagen XIII in myasthenia gravis patients. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:506-510. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Tu
- Centre of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; FIN 90014 Oulu Finland
| | | | - Anne Heikkinen
- Centre of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; FIN 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Tuomo Oikarainen
- Centre of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; FIN 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Juha Risteli
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center; University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Centre of Excellence in Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; FIN 90014 Oulu Finland
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40
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Monavarfeshani A, Knill CN, Sabbagh U, Su J, Fox MA. Region- and Cell-Specific Expression of Transmembrane Collagens in Mouse Brain. Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:20. [PMID: 28912695 PMCID: PMC5583603 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional collagens are nonfribrillar proteins that not only contribute to the structure of extracellular matrices but exhibit unique bio-activities. Although roles for unconventional collagens have been well-established in the development and function of non-neural tissues, only recently have studies identified roles for these proteins in brain development, and more specifically, in the formation and refinement of synaptic connections between neurons. Still, our understanding of the full cohort of unconventional collagens that are generated in the mammalian brain remains unclear. Here, we sought to address this gap by assessing the expression of transmembrane collagens (i.e., collagens XIII, XVII, XXIII and XXV) in mouse brain. Using quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH), we demonstrate both region- and cell-specific expression of these unique collagens in the developing brain. For the two most highly expressed transmembrane collagens (i.e., collagen XXIII and XXV), we demonstrate that they are expressed by select subsets of neurons in different parts of the brain. For example, collagen XXIII is selectively expressed by excitatory neurons in the mitral/tufted cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and by cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. On the other hand, collagen XXV, which is more broadly expressed, is generated by subsets of excitatory neurons in the dorsal thalamus and midbrain and by inhibitory neurons in the retina, ventral thalamus and telencephalon. Not only is col25a1 expression present in retina, it appears specifically enriched in retino-recipient nuclei within the brain (including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), lateral geniculate complex, olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN) and superior colliculus). Taken together, the distinct region- and cell-specific expression patterns of transmembrane collagens suggest that this family of unconventional collagens may play unique, yet-to-be identified roles in brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research InstituteRoanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Courtney N Knill
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia TechRoanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ubadah Sabbagh
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research InstituteRoanoke, VA, United States.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jianmin Su
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research InstituteRoanoke, VA, United States
| | - Michael A Fox
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research InstituteRoanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanoke, VA, United States
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