1
|
Thekkedam CG, Dutka TL, Van der Poel C, Burgio G, Dulhunty AF. The RyR1 P3528S Substitution Alters Mouse Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties and RyR1 Ion Channel Gating. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:434. [PMID: 38203604 PMCID: PMC10778724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The recessive Ryanodine Receptor Type 1 (RyR1) P3527S mutation causes mild muscle weakness in patients and increased resting cytoplasmic [Ca2+] in transformed lymphoblastoid cells. In the present study, we explored the cellular/molecular effects of this mutation in a mouse model of the mutation (RyR1 P3528S). The results were obtained from 73 wild type (WT/WT), 82 heterozygous (WT/MUT) and 66 homozygous (MUT/MUT) mice with different numbers of observations in individual data sets depending on the experimental protocol. The results showed that WT/MUT and MUT/MUT mouse strength was less than that of WT/WT mice, but there was no difference between genotypes in appearance, weight, mobility or longevity. The force frequency response of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles from WT/MUT and MUT/MUT mice was shifter to higher frequencies. The specific force of EDL muscles was reduced and Ca2+ activation of skinned fibres shifted to a lower [Ca2+], with an increase in type I fibres in EDL muscles and in mixed type I/II fibres in SOL muscles. The relative activity of RyR1 channels exposed to 1 µM cytoplasmic Ca2+ was greater in WT/MUT and MUT/MUT mice than in WT/WT mice. We suggest the altered RyR1 activity due to the P2328S substitution could increase resting [Ca2+] in muscle fibres, leading to changes in fibre type and contractile properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris G. Thekkedam
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Travis L. Dutka
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment (SABE), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Chris Van der Poel
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Angela F. Dulhunty
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Godbout K, Rousseau J, Tremblay JP. Successful Correction by Prime Editing of a Mutation in the RYR1 Gene Responsible for a Myopathy. Cells 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38201236 PMCID: PMC10777931 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the first correction from prime editing a mutation in the RYR1 gene, paving the way to gene therapies for RYR1-related myopathies. The RYR1 gene codes for a calcium channel named Ryanodine receptor 1, which is expressed in skeletal muscle fibers. The failure of this channel causes muscle weakness in patients, which leads to motor disabilities. Currently, there are no effective treatments for these diseases, which are mainly caused by point mutations. Prime editing allows for the modification of precise nucleotides in the DNA. Our results showed a 59% correction rate of the T4709M mutation in the RYR1 gene in human myoblasts by RNA delivery of the prime editing components. It is to be noted that T4709M is recessive and, thus, persons having a heterozygous mutation are healthy. These results are the first demonstration that correcting mutations in the RYR1 gene is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Godbout
- Molecular Biology Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Joël Rousseau
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Molecular Biology Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magyar ZÉ, Hevesi J, Groom L, Dirksen RT, Almássy J. Function of a mutant ryanodine receptor (T4709M) linked to congenital myopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14659. [PMID: 37670077 PMCID: PMC10480487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological muscle contraction requires an intact ligand gating mechanism of the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), the Ca2+-release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some mutations impair the gating and thus cause muscle disease. The RyR1 mutation T4706M is linked to a myopathy characterized by muscle weakness. Although, low expression of the T4706M RyR1 protein can explain in part the symptoms, little is known about the function RyR1 channels with this mutation. In order to learn whether this mutation alters channel function in a manner that can account for the observed symptoms, we examined RyR1 channels isolated from mice homozygous for the T4709M (TM) mutation at the single channel level. Ligands, including Ca2+, ATP, Mg2+ and the RyR inhibitor dantrolene were tested. The full conductance of the TM channel was the same as that of wild type (wt) channels and a population of partial open (subconductive) states were not observed. However, two unique sub-populations of TM RyRs were identified. One half of the TM channels exhibited high open probability at low (100 nM) and high (50 μM) cytoplasmic [Ca2+], resulting in Ca2+-insensitive, constitutively high Po channels. The rest of the TM channels exhibited significantly lower activity within the physiologically relevant range of cytoplasmic [Ca2+], compared to wt. TM channels retained normal Mg2+ block, modulation by ATP, and inhibition by dantrolene. Together, these results suggest that the TM mutation results in a combination of primary and secondary RyR1 dysfunctions that contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna É Magyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Hevesi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O’Connor TN, van den Bersselaar LR, Chen YS, Nicolau S, Simon B, Huseth A, Todd JJ, Van Petegem F, Sarkozy A, Goldberg MF, Voermans NC, Dirksena RT. RYR-1-Related Diseases International Research Workshop: From Mechanisms to Treatments Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A., 21-22 July 2022. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:135-154. [PMID: 36404556 PMCID: PMC10023165 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. O’Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Luuk R. van den Bersselaar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Department of Anaesthesia, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Nicolau
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua J. Todd
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Nicol C. Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert T. Dirksena
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossi D, Catallo MR, Pierantozzi E, Sorrentino V. Mutations in proteins involved in E-C coupling and SOCE and congenital myopathies. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213407. [PMID: 35980353 PMCID: PMC9391951 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction is stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum through the mechanism known as excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling. Following activation of skeletal muscle contraction by the E-C coupling mechanism, replenishment of intracellular stores requires reuptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into the SR by the activity of SR Ca2+-ATPases, but also Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space, through a mechanism called store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The fine orchestration of these processes requires several proteins, including Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ sensors, and Ca2+ buffers, as well as the active involvement of mitochondria. Mutations in genes coding for proteins participating in E-C coupling and SOCE are causative of several myopathies characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, a variety of histological features, and alterations in intracellular Ca2+ balance. This review summarizes current knowledge on these myopathies and discusses available knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catallo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Volpatti JR, Ghahramani-Seno MM, Mansat M, Sabha N, Sarikaya E, Goodman SJ, Chater-Diehl E, Celik A, Pannia E, Froment C, Combes-Soia L, Maani N, Yuki KE, Chicanne G, Uusküla-Reimand L, Monis S, Alvi SA, Genetti CA, Payrastre B, Beggs AH, Bonnemann CG, Muntoni F, Wilson MD, Weksberg R, Viaud J, Dowling JJ. X-linked myotubular myopathy is associated with epigenetic alterations and is ameliorated by HDAC inhibition. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:537-563. [PMID: 35844027 PMCID: PMC9381459 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of function mutations in MTM1. At present, there are no directed therapies for XLMTM, and incomplete understanding of disease pathomechanisms. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed a drug screen in mtm1 mutant zebrafish and identified four positive hits, including valproic acid, which functions as a potent suppressor of the mtm1 zebrafish phenotype via HDAC inhibition. We translated these findings to a mouse XLMTM model, and showed that valproic acid ameliorates the murine phenotype. These observations led us to interrogate the epigenome in Mtm1 knockout mice; we found increased DNA methylation, which is normalized with valproic acid, and likely mediated through aberrant 1-carbon metabolism. Finally, we made the unexpected observation that XLMTM patients share a distinct DNA methylation signature, suggesting that epigenetic alteration is a conserved disease feature amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/drug therapy
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- Valproic Acid/metabolism
- Valproic Acid/pharmacology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Volpatti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mehdi M Ghahramani-Seno
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Mansat
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ege Sarikaya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Goodman
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Eric Chater-Diehl
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Alper Celik
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Carine Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nika Maani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kyoko E Yuki
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Liis Uusküla-Reimand
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Simon Monis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sana Akhtar Alvi
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten G Bonnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julien Viaud
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García-Castañeda M, Michelucci A, Zhao N, Malik S, Dirksen RT. Postdevelopmental knockout of Orai1 improves muscle pathology in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213383. [PMID: 35939054 PMCID: PMC9365874 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the dystrophin gene, is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Enhanced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a Ca2+ influx mechanism coordinated by STIM1 sensors of luminal Ca2+ within the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+-permeable Orai1 channels in the sarcolemma, is proposed to contribute to Ca2+-mediated muscle damage in DMD. To directly determine the impact of Orai1-dependent SOCE on the dystrophic phenotype, we crossed mdx mice with tamoxifen-inducible, muscle-specific Orai1 knockout mice (mdx-Orai1 KO mice). Both constitutive and SOCE were significantly increased in flexor digitorum brevis fibers from mdx mice, while SOCE was absent in fibers from both Orai1 KO and mdx-Orai1 KO mice. Compared with WT mice, fibers from mdx mice exhibited (1) increased resting myoplasmic Ca2+ levels, (2) reduced total releasable Ca2+ store content, and (3) a prolonged rate of electrically evoked Ca2+ transient decay. These effects were partially normalized in fibers from mdx-Orai1 KO mice. Intact extensor digitorum longus muscles from mdx mice exhibited a significant reduction of maximal specific force, which was rescued in muscles from mdx-Orai1 KO mice. Finally, during exposure to consecutive eccentric contractions, muscles from mdx mice displayed a more pronounced decline in specific force compared with that of WT mice, which was also significantly attenuated by Orai1 ablation. Together, these results indicate that enhanced Orai1-dependent SOCE exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype and that Orai1 deficiency improves muscle pathology by both normalizing Ca2+ homeostasis and promoting sarcolemmal integrity/stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maricela García-Castañeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang X, Wei R, Wei C, Liu J, Qin L, Yan H, Ma Y, Wang Z, Xiong H. Correlation of Phenotype–Genotype and Protein Structure in RYR1-Related Myopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:870285. [PMID: 35693006 PMCID: PMC9178086 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.870285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Next generation sequencing results in an explosive identification of rare variants of RYR1, making the correlation between phenotype and genotype complicated. We analyzed the data of 33 patients with RYR1-related myopathy, attempting to elucidate correlations between phenotype, genotype, and protein structure of RyR1. Methods Clinical, histopathologic, and genetic data were evaluated, and variants were mapped to the cryo-EM RyR1 structure. The three-dimensional structure of the variant on RyR1 was analyzed. Results The clinical spectrum was highly variable regardless of the mode of inheritance. Recessive variations were associated with more severe feeding problems and respiratory insufficiency in infancy (p < 0.05). Forty pathogenic and likely pathogenic variations were identified, and 14 of them were novel. Missense was the most common variation type regardless of inheritance mode. Arginine (15/45) was the most frequently involved residue. All but one dominant variation clustered in Pore forming and pVSD domains, while recessive variations enriched in Bsol (7/25) and SPRYs (6/25) domains. Analysis of the spatial structure of variants showed that dominant variants may impact RyR1 mainly by breaking down hydrogen or electrovalent bonds (10/21); recessive variants located in different domains may impact the function of RyR1 through different pathways. Variants located in RyR1 coupling sites (PY1&2 and the outermost of Bsol) may cause the most severe clinical manifestation. Conclusion Clinical diversity of RYR1-related myopathy was impacted by the inheritance mode, variation type, and variant location. Dominant and recessive variants have different sensitive domains impacting the function of RyR1 through different pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingzhi Chang
| | - Risheng Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuijie Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qiu K, Wang Y, Xu D, He L, Zhang X, Yan E, Wang L, Yin J. Ryanodine receptor RyR1-mediated elevation of Ca 2+ concentration is required for the late stage of myogenic differentiation and fusion. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:9. [PMID: 35144690 PMCID: PMC8832842 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytosolic Ca2+ plays vital roles in myogenesis and muscle development. As a major Ca2+ release channel of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) key mutations are main causes of severe congenital myopathies. The role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation has attracted intense research interest but remains unclear. Results In the present study, both RyR1-knockdown myoblasts and CRISPR/Cas9-based RyR1-knockout myoblasts were employed to explore the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation, myotube formation as well as the potential mechanism of RyR1-related myopathies. We observed that RyR1 expression was dramatically increased during the late stage of myogenic differentiation, accompanied by significantly elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Inhibition of RyR1 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or chemical inhibitor, dantrolene, significantly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ and blocked multinucleated myotube formation. The elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration can effectively relieve myogenic differentiation stagnation by RyR1 inhibition, demonstrating that RyR1 modulates myogenic differentiation via regulation of Ca2+ release channel. However, RyR1-knockout-induced Ca2+ leakage led to the severe ER stress and excessive unfolded protein response, and drove myoblasts into apoptosis. Conclusions Therefore, we concluded that Ca2+ release mediated by dramatic increase in RyR1 expression is required for the late stage of myogenic differentiation and fusion. This study contributes to a novel understanding of the role of RyR1 in myogenic differentiation and related congenital myopathies, and provides a potential target for regulation of muscle characteristics and meat quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00668-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs & National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lawal TA, Todd JJ, Witherspoon JW, Bönnemann CG, Dowling JJ, Hamilton SL, Meilleur KG, Dirksen RT. Ryanodine receptor 1-related disorders: an historical perspective and proposal for a unified nomenclature. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:32. [PMID: 33190635 PMCID: PMC7667763 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RYR1 gene, which encodes the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel or type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) of skeletal muscle, was sequenced in 1988 and RYR1 variations that impair calcium homeostasis and increase susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia were first identified in 1991. Since then, RYR1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) have been described as rare, histopathologically and clinically heterogeneous, and slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders. RYR1 variants can lead to dysfunctional RyR1-mediated calcium release, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, elevated oxidative stress, deleterious post-translational modifications, and decreased RyR1 expression. RYR1-RM-affected individuals can present with delayed motor milestones, contractures, scoliosis, ophthalmoplegia, and respiratory insufficiency. Historically, RYR1-RM-affected individuals were diagnosed based on morphologic features observed in muscle biopsies including central cores, cores and rods, central nuclei, fiber type disproportion, and multi-minicores. However, these histopathologic features are not always specific to RYR1-RM and often change over time. As additional phenotypes were associated with RYR1 variations (including King-Denborough syndrome, exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, lethal multiple pterygium syndrome, adult-onset distal myopathy, atypical periodic paralysis with or without myalgia, mild calf-predominant myopathy, and dusty core disease) the overlap among diagnostic categories is ever increasing. With the continuing emergence of new clinical subtypes along the RYR1 disease spectrum and reports of adult-onset phenotypes, nuanced nomenclatures have been reported (RYR1- [related, related congenital, congenital] myopathies). In this narrative review, we provide historical highlights of RYR1 research, accounts of the main diagnostic disease subtypes and propose RYR1-related disorders (RYR1-RD) as a unified nomenclature to describe this complex and evolving disease spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokunbor A Lawal
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Joshua J Todd
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica W Witherspoon
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine G Meilleur
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pelletier L, Petiot A, Brocard J, Giannesini B, Giovannini D, Sanchez C, Travard L, Chivet M, Beaufils M, Kutchukian C, Bendahan D, Metzger D, Franzini Armstrong C, Romero NB, Rendu J, Jacquemond V, Fauré J, Marty I. In vivo RyR1 reduction in muscle triggers a core-like myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:192. [PMID: 33176865 PMCID: PMC7657350 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RYR1 gene, encoding the skeletal muscle calcium channel RyR1, lead to congenital myopathies, through expression of a channel with abnormal permeability and/or in reduced amount, but the direct functional whole organism consequences of exclusive reduction in RyR1 amount have never been studied. We have developed and characterized a mouse model with inducible muscle specific RYR1 deletion. Tamoxifen-induced recombination in the RYR1 gene at adult age resulted in a progressive reduction in the protein amount reaching a stable level of 50% of the initial amount, and was associated with a progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Measurement of calcium fluxes in isolated muscle fibers demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of RyR1-related calcium release mirroring the reduction in the protein amount. Alterations in the muscle structure were observed, with fibers atrophy, abnormal mitochondria distribution and membrane remodeling. An increase in the expression level of many proteins was observed, as well as an inhibition of the autophagy process. This model demonstrates that RyR1 reduction is sufficient to recapitulate most features of Central Core Disease, and accordingly similar alterations were observed in muscle biopsies from Dusty Core Disease patients (a subtype of Central Core Disease), pointing to common pathophysiological mechanisms related to RyR1 reduction.
Collapse
|
13
|
Structural basis for diamide modulation of ryanodine receptor. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1246-1254. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Lawal TA, Wires ES, Terry NL, Dowling JJ, Todd JJ. Preclinical model systems of ryanodine receptor 1-related myopathies and malignant hyperthermia: a comprehensive scoping review of works published 1990-2019. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:113. [PMID: 32381029 PMCID: PMC7204063 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variations in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) are associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility, a life-threatening hypermetabolic condition and RYR1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM), a spectrum of rare neuromuscular disorders. In RYR1-RM, intracellular calcium dysregulation, post-translational modifications, and decreased protein expression lead to a heterogenous clinical presentation including proximal muscle weakness, contractures, scoliosis, respiratory insufficiency, and ophthalmoplegia. Preclinical model systems of RYR1-RM and MH have been developed to better understand underlying pathomechanisms and test potential therapeutics. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of scientific literature pertaining to RYR1-RM and MH preclinical model systems in accordance with the PRISMA Scoping Reviews Checklist and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Two major electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched without language restriction for articles and abstracts published between January 1, 1990 and July 3, 2019. RESULTS Our search yielded 5049 publications from which 262 were included in this review. A majority of variants tested in RYR1 preclinical models were localized to established MH/central core disease (MH/CCD) hot spots. A total of 250 unique RYR1 variations were reported in human/rodent/porcine models with 95% being missense substitutions. The most frequently reported RYR1 variant was R614C/R615C (human/porcine total n = 39), followed by Y523S/Y524S (rabbit/mouse total n = 30), I4898T/I4897T/I4895T (human/rabbit/mouse total n = 20), and R163C/R165C (human/mouse total n = 18). The dyspedic mouse was utilized by 47% of publications in the rodent category and its RyR1-null (1B5) myotubes were transfected in 23% of publications in the cellular model category. In studies of transfected HEK-293 cells, 57% of RYR1 variations affected the RyR1 channel and activation core domain. A total of 15 RYR1 mutant mouse strains were identified of which ten were heterozygous, three were compound heterozygous, and a further two were knockout. Porcine, avian, zebrafish, C. elegans, canine, equine, and drosophila model systems were also reported. CONCLUSIONS Over the past 30 years, there were 262 publications on MH and RYR1-RM preclinical model systems featuring more than 200 unique RYR1 variations tested in a broad range of species. Findings from these studies have set the foundation for therapeutic development for MH and RYR1-RM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokunbor A Lawal
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Wires
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy L Terry
- National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua J Todd
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
An multi-species approach can be used to identify small molecules with properties that might prove useful for the treatment of some neuromuscular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Hyojung J Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ballouhey O, Bartoli M, Levy N. [CRISPR-Cas9 for muscle dystrophies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:358-366. [PMID: 32356712 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of rare muscular disorders characterized by weakness and progressive degeneration of the muscle. They are diseases of genetic origin caused by the mutation of one or more genes involved in muscle function. Despite significant progress made in the field of biotherapies in recent years, there is as yet no curative treatment available for these diseases. Studies conducted since the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing tool have nevertheless led to significant and promising advances in the treatment of muscular dystrophies. CRISPR-Cas9 system allows a stable and permanent edition of the genome and should make it possible to avoid long, partially efficient and repetitive treatments. In this review, we will discuss the latest therapeutic advances obtained using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in genetic muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France - AP-HM Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, 13005 France - GIPTIS, Genetics Institute for Patients Therapies Innovation and Science, 13002 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Volpatti JR, Endo Y, Knox J, Groom L, Brennan S, Noche R, Zuercher WJ, Roy P, Dirksen RT, Dowling JJ. Identification of drug modifiers for RYR1-related myopathy using a multi-species discovery pipeline. eLife 2020; 9:52946. [PMID: 32223895 PMCID: PMC7202896 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor type I-related myopathies (RYR1-RMs) are a common group of childhood muscle diseases associated with severe disabilities and early mortality for which there are no available treatments. The goal of this study is to identify new therapeutic targets for RYR1-RMs. To accomplish this, we developed a discovery pipeline using nematode, zebrafish, and mammalian cell models. We first performed large-scale drug screens in C. elegans which uncovered 74 hits. Targeted testing in zebrafish yielded positive results for two p38 inhibitors. Using mouse myotubes, we found that either pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of p38 impaired caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from wild type cells while promoting intracellular Ca2+ release in Ryr1 knockout cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that p38 inhibition blunts the aberrant temperature-dependent increase in resting Ca2+ in myotubes from an RYR1-RM mouse model. This unique platform for RYR1-RM therapy development is potentially applicable to a broad range of neuromuscular disorders. Muscle cells have storage compartments stuffed full of calcium, which they release to trigger a contraction. This process depends on a channel-shaped protein called the ryanodine receptor, or RYR1 for short. When RYR1 is activated, it releases calcium from storage, which floods the muscle cell. Mutations in the gene that codes for RYR1 in humans cause a group of rare diseases called RYR1-related myopathies. The mutations change calcium release in muscle cells, which can make movement difficult, and make it hard for people to breathe. At the moment, RYR1 myopathies have no treatment. It is possible that repurposing existing drugs could benefit people with RYR1-related myopathies, but trialing treatments takes time. The fastest and cheapest way to test whether compounds might be effective is to try them on very simple animals, like nematode worms. But even though worms and humans share certain genes, treatments that work for worms do not always work for humans. Luckily, it is sometimes possible to test whether compounds might be effective by trying them out on complex mammals, like mice. Unfortunately, these experiments are slow and expensive. A compromise involves testing on animals such as zebrafish. So far, none of these methods has been successful in discovering treatments for RYR1-related myopathies. To maximize the strengths of each animal model, Volpatti et al. combined them, developing a fast and powerful way to test new drugs. The first step is an automated screening process that trials thousands of chemicals on nematode worms. This takes just two weeks. The second step is to group the best treatments according to their chemical similarities and test them again in zebrafish. This takes a month. The third and final stage is to test promising chemicals from the zebrafish in mouse muscle cells. Of the thousands of compounds tested here, one group of chemicals stood out – treatments that block the activity of a protein called p38. Volpatti et al. found that blocking the p38 protein, either with drugs or by inactivating the gene that codes for it, changed muscle calcium release. This suggests p38 blockers may have potential as a treatment for RYR1-related myopathies in mammals. Using three types of animal to test new drugs maximizes the benefits of each model. This type of pipeline could identify new treatments, not just for RYR1-related myopathies, but for other diseases that involve genes or proteins that are similar across species. For RYR1-related myopathies specifically, the next step is to test p38 blocking treatments in mice. This could reveal whether the treatments have the potential to improve symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Volpatti
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yukari Endo
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Stephanie Brennan
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ramil Noche
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William J Zuercher
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, SGC Center for Chemical Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Peter Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu SS, Li QC, Yin CQ, Xue W, Song CQ. Advances in CRISPR/Cas-based Gene Therapy in Human Genetic Diseases. Theranostics 2020; 10:4374-4382. [PMID: 32292501 PMCID: PMC7150498 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas genome editing is a simple, cost effective, and highly specific technique for introducing genetic variations. In mammalian cells, CRISPR/Cas can facilitate non-homologous end joining, homology- directed repair, and single-base exchanges. Cas9/Cas12a nuclease, dCas9 transcriptional regulators, base editors, PRIME editors and RNA editing tools are widely used in basic research. Currently, a variety of CRISPR/Cas-based therapeutics are being investigated in clinical trials. Among many new findings that have advanced the field, we highlight a few recent advances that are relevant to CRISPR/Cas-based gene therapies for monogenic human genetic diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fusto A, Moyle LA, Gilbert PM, Pegoraro E. Cored in the act: the use of models to understand core myopathies. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm041368. [PMID: 31874912 PMCID: PMC6955215 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The core myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies with variable clinical expression - ranging from early-onset skeletal-muscle weakness to later-onset disease of variable severity - that are identified by characteristic 'core-like' lesions in myofibers and the presence of hypothonia and slowly or rather non-progressive muscle weakness. The genetic causes are diverse; central core disease is most often caused by mutations in ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), whereas multi-minicore disease is linked to pathogenic variants of several genes, including selenoprotein N (SELENON), RYR1 and titin (TTN). Understanding the mechanisms that drive core development and muscle weakness remains challenging due to the diversity of the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) proteins involved and the differential effects of mutations across proteins. Because of this, the use of representative models expressing a mature ECC apparatus is crucial. Animal models have facilitated the identification of disease progression mechanisms for some mutations and have provided evidence to help explain genotype-phenotype correlations. However, many unanswered questions remain about the common and divergent pathological mechanisms that drive disease progression, and these mechanisms need to be understood in order to identify therapeutic targets. Several new transgenic animals have been described recently, expanding the spectrum of core myopathy models, including mice with patient-specific mutations. Furthermore, recent developments in 3D tissue engineering are expected to enable the study of core myopathy disease progression and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions in the context of human cells. In this Review, we summarize the current landscape of core myopathy models, and assess the hurdles and opportunities of future modeling strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Fusto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biochemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biochemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chagovetz AA, Klatt Shaw D, Ritchie E, Hoshijima K, Grunwald DJ. Interactions among ryanodine receptor isotypes contribute to muscle fiber type development and function. Dis Model Mech 2019; 13:dmm.038844. [PMID: 31383689 PMCID: PMC6906632 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium release channels commonly underlie congenital myopathies. Although these channels are known principally for their essential roles in muscle contractility, mutations in the human RYR1 gene result in a broad spectrum of phenotypes, including muscle weakness, altered proportions of fiber types, anomalous muscle fibers with cores or centrally placed nuclei, and dysmorphic craniofacial features. Currently, it is unknown which phenotypes directly reflect requirements for RyRs and which result secondarily to aberrant muscle function. To identify biological processes requiring RyR function, skeletal muscle development was analyzed in zebrafish embryos harboring protein-null mutations. RyR channels contribute to both muscle fiber development and function. Loss of some RyRs had modest effects, altering muscle fiber-type specification in the embryo without compromising viability. In addition, each RyR-encoding gene contributed to normal swimming behavior and muscle function. The RyR channels do not function in a simple additive manner. For example, although isoform RyR1a is sufficient for muscle contraction in the absence of RyR1b, RyR1a normally attenuates the activity of the co-expressed RyR1b channel in slow muscle. RyR3 also acts to modify the functions of other RyR channels. Furthermore, diminished RyR-dependent contractility affects both muscle fiber maturation and craniofacial development. These findings help to explain some of the heterogeneity of phenotypes that accompany RyR1 mutations in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Chagovetz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dana Klatt Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin Ritchie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Hoshijima
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David J Grunwald
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|