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Has the time come to include low-level laser photobiomodulation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of impaired endometrial receptivity? Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1105-1114. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu S, Guo C, Wang J, Wang B, Qi H, Sun MZ. ANXA11 regulates the tumorigenesis, lymph node metastasis and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity of murine hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cells by targeting c-Jun. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16297-310. [PMID: 26908448 PMCID: PMC4941315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A11 (Anxa11) is associated with various cancers. Using a pair of syngeneic murine hepatocarcinoma cells, Hca-P with ~25% and Hca-F with ~75% lymph node metastatic (LNM) potentials, we demonstrated Anxa11 involvement in hepatocarcinoma lymphatic metastasis. Here, ANXA11 acted as a suppressor for the tumorigenicity, LNM and 5-FU resistance of Hca-P via c-Jun. We constructed monoclonal Hca-P cell line with stable ANXA11 knockdown. Although Bax and Bcl-2 levels increased in shRNA-Anxa11-transfected Hca-P, ANXA11 downregulation showed no clear effect on Hca-P apoptosis. ANXA11 downregulation promoted in vitro migration and invasion capacities of Hca-P. In situ adhesion potential of Hca-P cells toward LN was significantly enhanced following ANXA11 downregulation. Consistently, ANXA11 downregulation promoted the in vivo tumor growth and LNM capacities of Hca-P cells. ANXA11 knockdown enhanced the chemoresistance of Hca-P cells specifically toward 5-FU instead of cisplatin. Its downregulation increased c-Jun (pSer73) and decreased c-Jun (pSer243) levels in Hca-P. c-Jun (pSer243) downregulation seemed to be only correlated with ANXA11 knockdown without the connection to 5-FU treatment. Interestingly, compared with scramble-Hca-P cells, the levels of c-Jun and c-Jun (pSer73) in shRNA-Anxa11-Hca-P cells were upregulated in the presences of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L 5-FU. The levels changes from c-Jun and c-Jun (pSer73) in Hca-P cells showed a more obvious tendency with the combination of ANXA11 knockdown and 5-FU treatment. ANXA11 level regulates LNM and 5-FU resistance of Hca-P via c-Jun pathway. It might play an important role in hepatocarcinoma cell malignancy and be a therapeutic target for hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Verdi J, Tan A, Shoae-Hassani A, Seifalian AM. Endometrial stem cells in regenerative medicine. J Biol Eng 2014; 8:20. [PMID: 25097665 PMCID: PMC4121626 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 2004, endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) are adult stem cells isolated from the endometrial tissue. EnSCs comprise of a population of epithelial stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and side population stem cells. When secreted in the menstrual blood, they are termed menstrual stem cells or endometrial regenerative cells. Mounting evidence suggests that EnSCs can be utilized in regenerative medicine. EnSCs can be used as immuno-modulatory agents to attenuate inflammation, are implicated in angiogenesis and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and can also be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, EnSCs can be used in tissue engineering applications and there are several clinical trials currently in place to ascertain the therapeutic potential of EnSCs. This review highlights the progress made in EnSC research, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Verdi
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK ; Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK ; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Alireza Shoae-Hassani
- Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK ; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Nair J, Ghatge M, Kakkar VV, Shanker J. Network analysis of inflammatory genes and their transcriptional regulators in coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94328. [PMID: 24736319 PMCID: PMC3988072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Network analysis is a novel method to understand the complex pathogenesis of inflammation-driven atherosclerosis. Using this approach, we attempted to identify key inflammatory genes and their core transcriptional regulators in coronary artery disease (CAD). Initially, we obtained 124 candidate genes associated with inflammation and CAD using Polysearch and CADgene database for which protein-protein interaction network was generated using STRING 9.0 (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) and visualized using Cytoscape v 2.8.3. Based on betweenness centrality (BC) and node degree as key topological parameters, we identified interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) as hub nodes. The backbone network constructed with these five hub genes showed 111 nodes connected via 348 edges, with IL-6 having the largest degree and highest BC. Nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFKB1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and JUN were identified as the three core transcription factors from the regulatory network derived using MatInspector. For the purpose of validation of the hub genes, 97 test networks were constructed, which revealed the accuracy of the backbone network to be 0.7763 while the frequency of the hub nodes remained largely unaltered. Pathway enrichment analysis with ClueGO, KEGG and REACTOME showed significant enrichment of six validated CAD pathways - smooth muscle cell proliferation, acute-phase response, calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity, toll-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling and adipocytokine signaling pathways. Experimental verification of the above findings in 64 cases and 64 controls showed increased expression of the five candidate genes and the three transcription factors in the cases relative to the controls (p<0.05). Thus, analysis of complex networks aid in the prioritization of genes and their transcriptional regulators in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiny Nair
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madankumar Ghatge
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay V. Kakkar
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayashree Shanker
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Yang Z, Norwood KA, Smith JE, Kerl JG, Wood JR. Genes involved in the immediate early response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition are regulated by adipocytokines in the female reproductive tract. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 79:128-37. [PMID: 22128093 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of female reproductive tract cancers, but the underlying mechanistic link between the two is ill-defined. Thus, the objective of the current study was to identify obesity-dependent changes in the expression of immediate early (IE) genes that contribute to cell proliferation and differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes that promote cell migration. When HeLa cells were treated for 0-48 hr with IGF-1, leptin, TNFα, or IL-6, each individual adipocytokine altered the abundance of IE (cJUN, cFOS, and cMYC) and EMT (SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1) mRNA abundance. For example, IGF-1 increased cJUN and cFOS and decreased cMYC; leptin increased cFOS; IL-6 increased cFOS and cMYC; and TNFα increased cJUN and cFOS mRNA abundance. Likewise, EMT gene expression was altered by IGF-1, TNFα, and IL-6. SNAI1 was increased by IGF-1 and IL-6; SNAI2 was increased by IGF-1 and TNFα; and TWIST1 was increased by TNFα and IL-6. Chronic exposure to adipocytokines also altered EMT gene expression in the whole uterus of obese compared to normal-weight mice. Specifically, there was no difference in cJun, cFos, or cMyc mRNA abundance between normal-weight and obese animals. Snai1, Snai2, and Twist1 mRNA abundance, however, was increased in the uterus of obese females and correlated with increased circulating IGF-1 levels. These data indicate that obesity-dependent alterations in adipocytokine levels regulate the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and migration, and therefore may provide a plausible mechanism for obesity-dependent increases in cancers of the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0908, USA
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Radi ZA, Marusak RA, Morris DL. Species Comparison of the Role of p38 MAP Kinase in the Female Reproductive System. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:109-24. [PMID: 22271984 PMCID: PMC3246056 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of discrete signal
transduction pathways that have significant regulatory roles in a variety of biological
processes, depending on the cell, tissue and organ type. p38 MAPKs are involved in
inflammation, cell growth and differentiation and cell cycle. In the female reproductive
system, p38 MAPKs are known to regulate various aspects of the reproductive process such
as mammalian estrous and menstrual cycles as well as early pregnancy and parturition. p38
MAPKs have also been implicated in alterations and pathologies observed in the female
reproductive system. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of p38 MAPKs, and inter-connected
signaling pathways (e.g., estrogen receptor signaling, c-fos, c-jun), may influence
reproductive physiology and function. This article provides a critical, comparative review
of available data on the roles of p38 MAPKs in the mammalian female reproductive system
and in reproductive pathophysiology in humans and preclinical species. We first introduce
fundamental differences and similarities of the mammalian female reproductive system that
should be considered by toxicologists and toxicologic pathologists when assessing the
effects of new pharmacologic agents on the female reproductive system. We then explore in
detail the known roles for p38 MAPKs and related molecules in female reproduction. This
foundation is then extended to pathological conditions in which p38 MAPKs are thought to
play an integral role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A. Radi
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | | | - Dale L. Morris
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
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Cebrian A, Pharoah PD, Ahmed S, Ropero S, Fraga MF, Smith PL, Conroy D, Luben R, Perkins B, Easton DF, Dunning AM, Esteller M, Ponder BAJ. Genetic variants in epigenetic genes and breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:1661-9. [PMID: 16501248 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events, resulting changes in gene expression capacity, are important in tumour progression, and variation in genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms might therefore be important in cancer susceptibility. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined common variants in 12 genes coding for DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetyltransferases, histone methyltrasferases and methyl-CpG binding domain proteins, for association with breast cancer in a large case-control study (N cases = 4474 and N controls = 4580). We identified 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that efficiently tag all the known common variants in these genes, and are also expected to tag any unknown SNP in each gene. We found some evidence for association for six SNPs: DNMT3b-c31721t [P (2 df) = 0.007], PRDM2-c99243 t [P (2 df) = 0.03] and t105413c [P-recessive = 0.05], EHMT1-g-9441a [P (2df) = 0.05] and g41451t (P-trend = 0.04), and EHMT2-S237S [P (2df) = 0.04]. The most significant result was for DNMT3b-c31721t (P-trend = 0.124 after adjusting for multiple testing). However, there were three other results with P < 0.05. The permutation-based probability of this occurring by chance was 0.335. These significant SNPs were genotyped in 75 human cancer cell lines from different tumour types to assess if there was an association between them and six epigenetic measures. No statistically significant association was found. However, a trend was observed: homozygotes for the rare alleles of the EHMT1, EHMT2 and PRDM2 had a mean value for both trimethylation of K9 and K27 of histone H3 remarkably different to the homozygotes for the common alleles. Thus, these preliminary observations suggest the possible existence of a functional consequence of harbouring these genetic variants in histone methyltransferases, and warrant the design of larger epidemiological and biochemical studies to establish the true meaning of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arancha Cebrian
- Cancer Research UK Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
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Yang SR, Cho SD, Ahn NS, Jung JW, Park JS, Jo EH, Hwang JW, Kim SH, Lee BH, Kang KS, Lee YS. The role of p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling in the differentiation and apoptosis of immortalized neural stem cells. Mutat Res 2005; 579:47-57. [PMID: 16046226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The two distinct members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase, play an important role in central nervous system (CNS) development and differentiation. However, their role and functions are not completely understood in CNS. To facilitate in vitro study, we have established an immortal stem cell line using SV40 from fetal rat embryonic day 17. In these cells, MAP kinase inhibitors (SP600125, SB202190, and PD98059) were treated for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to examine the roles of protein kinases. Early inhibition of JNK did not alter phenotypic or morphological changes of immortalized cells, however overexpression of Bax and decrease of phosphorylated AKT was observed. The prolonged inhibition of JNK induced polyploidization of immortalized cells, and resulted in differentiation and inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, JNK and p38 MAP kinase but not ERK1/2 was activated, and p21, p53, and Bax were overexpressed by prolonged inhibition of JNK. These results indicate that JNK and p38 MAP kinase could play dual roles on cell survival and apoptosis. Furthermore, this established cell line could facilitate study of the role of JNK and p38 MAP kinase on CNS development or differentiation/apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ran Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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