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Mehdizadeh A, Soleimani M, Amjadi F, Sene AA, Sheikhha MH, Dehghani A, Ashourzadeh S, Aali BS, Dabiri S, Zandieh Z. Implication of Novel BMP15 and GDF9 Variants in Unexpected Poor Ovarian Response. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:840-850. [PMID: 37848645 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected poor ovarian response (UPOR) occurs when nine or fewer oocytes are retrieved from a young patient with normal ovarian reserve. Bone morphogenetic protein15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are two oocyte-specific factors with pivotal role in folliculogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between BMP15 and GDF9 variants with UPOR. Hundred women aged ≤ 39 with AMH ≥ 1.27 IU/ml participated as UPOR and normal ovarian responders (NOR) based on their oocyte number. Each group consisted of 50 patients. After genomic DNA extraction, the entire exonic regions of BMP15 and GDF9 were amplified and examined by direct sequencing. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of BMP15 and GDF9 in follicular fluid. Additionally, in silico analysis was applied to predict the effect of discovered mutations. From four novel variants of BMP15 and GDF9 genes, silent mutations (c.744 T > C) and (c.99G > A) occurred in both groups, whereas missense variants: c.967-968insA and c.296A > G were found exclusively in UPORs. The latter variants caused reduction in protein expression. Moreover, the mutant allele (T) in a GDF9 polymorphism (C447T) found to be more in NOR individuals (58% NOR vs. 37% UPOR (OR = 2.3, CI 1.32-4.11, p = 0.004).The novel missense mutations which were predicted as damaging, along with other mutations that happened in UPORs might result in ovarian resistance to stimulation. The mutant allele (T) in C447T polymorphism has a protective effect. It can be concluded that there is an association between BMP15 and GDF9 variants and follicular development and ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Akbari Sene
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sheikhha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Ashourzadeh
- Afzalipour Clinical Center for Infertility, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bibi Shahnaz Aali
- FRANZCOG Rockingham Peel Group, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ding X, Lv S, Guo Z, Gong X, Wang C, Zhang X, Meng K. Potential Therapeutic Options for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3428-3442. [PMID: 37460850 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition in which a woman experiences premature decline in ovarian function before the age of 40 years, manifested by menstrual disorders, decreased fertility, and possibly postmenopausal symptoms such as insomnia, hot flashes, and osteoporosis, and is one of the predominant clinical syndromes leading to female infertility. Genetic, immunologic, iatrogenic and other factors, alone or in combination, have been reported to trigger POI, yet the etiology remains unknown in most cases. The main methods currently used clinically to ameliorate menopausal symptoms due to hypoestrogenemia in POI patients are hormone replacement therapy, while the primary methods available to address infertility in POI patients are oocyte donation and cryopreservation techniques, both of which have limitations to some degree. In recent years, researchers have continued to explore more efficient and safe therapies, and have achieved impressive results in preclinical trials. In this article, we will mainly review the three most popular therapies and their related signaling pathways published in the past ten years, with the aim of providing ideas for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenmin Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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Krysta-Matter AE, Riepsamen AH, Lien S, Wong WYT, Richani D, Kilani S, Harrison CA, Mallitt KA, Ledger WL, Robertson DM, Gilchrist RB. Application of specific ELISAs for BMP15 and GDF9 to cumulus cell extracts from infertile women. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112049. [PMID: 37666445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are oocyte-specific paracrine factors which regulate ovarian cumulus cell (CC) functions. This study aimed to investigate if BMP15 and GDF9 bound to CCs can be characterized, quantified, and show an association with IVF outcomes in infertile women. BMP15 and GDF9 ELISAs were validated and applied to discarded CC extracts. Pooled CCs from individual patients were collected from 120 (cohort 1; BMP15 only) and 81 infertility patients (cohort 2; BMP15 and GDF9) undergoing superovulation. BMP15 and GDF9 levels expressed per CC DNA were correlated with maternal age, clinical and embryology data. Total BMP15 and GDF9 were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). The GDF9:BMP15 ratio was unrelated to oocyte number or age. BMP15/CC DNA and GDF9/CC DNA were unaffected by the type of superovulation and were not related to oocyte/embryo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Krysta-Matter
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; IVF Australia, Virtus Health, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2035, Australia
| | - A H Riepsamen
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - S Lien
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - W Y T Wong
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - D Richani
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - S Kilani
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; IVF Australia, Virtus Health, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2035, Australia
| | - C A Harrison
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - K A Mallitt
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - W L Ledger
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; IVF Australia, Virtus Health, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2035, Australia
| | - D M Robertson
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - R B Gilchrist
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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Shacfe G, Turko R, Syed HH, Masoud I, Tahmaz Y, Samhan LM, Alkattan K, Shafqat A, Yaqinuddin A. A DNA Methylation Perspective on Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2132. [PMID: 38136954 PMCID: PMC10743303 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects a significant number of couples worldwide and its incidence is increasing. While assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of infertility, a significant number of couples present with an idiopathic cause for their infertility, hindering effective management. Profiling the genome and transcriptome of infertile men and women has revealed abnormal gene expression. Epigenetic modifications, which comprise dynamic processes that can transduce environmental signals into gene expression changes, may explain these findings. Indeed, aberrant DNA methylation has been widely characterized as a cause of abnormal sperm and oocyte gene expression with potentially deleterious consequences on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to provide a concise overview of male and female infertility through the lens of DNA methylation alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Shacfe
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasoul Turko
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haadi Hammad Syed
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Masoud
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Tahmaz
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lara M Samhan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yang X, Yang L. Current understanding of the genomic abnormities in premature ovarian failure: chance for early diagnosis and management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1194865. [PMID: 37332766 PMCID: PMC10274511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an insidious cause of female infertility and a devastating condition for women. POF also has a strong familial and heterogeneous genetic background. Management of POF is complicated by the variable etiology and presentation, which are generally characterized by abnormal hormone levels, gene instability and ovarian dysgenesis. To date, abnormal regulation associated with POF has been found in a small number of genes, including autosomal and sex chromosomal genes in folliculogenesis, granulosa cells, and oocytes. Due to the complex genomic contributions, ascertaining the exact causative mechanisms has been challenging in POF, and many pathogenic genomic characteristics have yet to be elucidated. However, emerging research has provided new insights into genomic variation in POF as well as novel etiological factors, pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic intervention approaches. Meanwhile, scattered studies of transcriptional regulation revealed that ovarian cell function also depends on specific biomarker gene expression, which can influence protein activities, thus causing POF. In this review, we summarized the latest research and issues related to the genomic basis for POF and focused on insights gained from their biological effects and pathogenic mechanisms in POF. The present integrated studies of genomic variants, gene expression and related protein abnormalities were structured to establish the role of etiological genes associated with POF. In addition, we describe the design of some ongoing clinical trials that may suggest safe, feasible and effective approaches to improve the diagnosis and therapy of POF, such as Filgrastim, goserelin, resveratrol, natural plant antitoxin, Kuntai capsule et al. Understanding the candidate genomic characteristics in POF is beneficial for the early diagnosis of POF and provides appropriate methods for prevention and drug treatment. Additional efforts to clarify the POF genetic background are necessary and are beneficial for researchers and clinicians regarding genetic counseling and clinical practice. Taken together, recent genomic explorations have shown great potential to elucidate POF management in women and are stepping from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sugiura K, Maruyama N, Akimoto Y, Matsushita K, Endo T. Paracrine regulation of granulosa cell development in the antral follicles in mammals. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12538. [PMID: 37638351 PMCID: PMC10457553 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of ovarian follicles is regulated by a complex interaction of intra- and extra-follicular signals. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) play a central role in this process in cooperation with other signals. Methods This review provides an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the paracrine regulation of antral follicle development in mammals. It specifically focuses on the regulation of granulosa cell development by ODPFs, along with other intrafollicular signals. Main Findings Bi-directional communication between oocytes and surrounding cumulus cells is a fundamental mechanism that determines cumulus cell differentiation. Along with estrogen, ODPFs promote the expression of forkhead box L2, a critical transcription factor required for mural granulosa cells. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitates these processes by stimulating estrogen production in mural granulosa cells. Conclusion Cooperative interactions among ODPFs, FSH, and estrogen are critical in determining the fate of cumulus and mural granulosa cells, as well as the development of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Natsumi Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Akimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kodai Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Zhang T, Ma Q, Shen Q, Jiang C, Zou F, Shen Y, Wang Y. Identification of novel biallelic variants in BMP15 in two siblings with premature ovarian insufficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2125-2134. [PMID: 35861920 PMCID: PMC9474791 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) occurs in women before the age of 40 years, accompanied by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, hypergonadotropinism, and infertility. The pathology of POI is complex and the molecular genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) plays a crucial role in oocyte maturation and follicular development through the activation of granulosa cells. Dysfunction of BMP15 causes ovarian dysgenesis and is related to POI. Identifying pathogenic variants contributes to revealing genetic mechanisms and making clinical diagnoses of POI. METHODS The study involved two sisters diagnosed with POI. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify causative genes. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the mutations in patients with POI and members of the family with no clinical signs or symptoms. The effect of the novel mutations on the BMP15 structure was analyzed by PSIPRED. By over-expressing wild-type (WT) or mutant BMP15 plasmids in vitro, a functional study of the BMP15 mutant was conducted by real-time qPCR and western blotting. Through cocultivation with HEK293T cells, the effects of secreted BMP15 WT and variants on granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected through a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS We identified biallelic variants in BMP15, c.791G > A (p. R264Q) and c.1076C > T (p. P359L), in two siblings with POI. Both sisters carried the same biallelic variants, while the other female members of their family carried only one of them. Structural prediction showed that the variants have not affected the secondary structure of BMP15 but may change the conformation of water molecules around protein surfaces and thermal stability of BMP15. Real-time qPCR showed no significant difference in mRNA levels among WT and the two variants. Western blotting indicated a reduction in BMP15 expression with the c.791G > A and c.1076C > T variants compared to WT. Moreover, mutants 791G > A and 1076C > T impaired the function of secreted BMP15 in promoting granulosa cell proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis caused by reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel biallelic variants, c.791G > A and c.1076C > T, of BMP15 in two siblings with POI. Both missense variants reduced the level of the BMP15 protein and impaired the function of BMP15 in promoting granulosa cell proliferation in vitro. Taken together, our findings provide a novel molecular genetic basis and potential pathogenesis of BMP15 variants in POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiongyan Shen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Afkhami F, Shahbazi S, Farzadi L, Danaei S. Novel bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene variants implicated in premature ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:42. [PMID: 35232444 PMCID: PMC8886931 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is expressed in oocytes and plays a crucial role in the reproduction of mono-ovulating species. In humans, BMP15 gene mutations lead to imperfect protein function and premature ovarian insufficiency. Here we investigated the BMP15 gene variants in a population of Iranian women with premature ovarian insufficiency. We conducted predictive bioinformatics analysis to further study the outcomes of BMP15 gene alterations. METHODS Twenty-four well-diagnosed premature ovarian insufficiency cases with normal karyotype participated in this study. The entire coding sequence and exon-intron junctions of the BMP15 gene were analyzed by direct sequencing. In-silico analysis was applied using various pipelines integrated into the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor online tool. The clinical interpretation was performed based on the approved guidelines. RESULTS By gene screening of BMP15, we discovered p.N103K, p.A180T, and p.M184T heterozygous variants in 3 unrelated patients. The p.N103K and p.M184T were not annotated on gnomAD, 1000 Genome and/or dbSNP. These mutations were not identified in 800 Iranians whole-exome sequencing that is recorded on Iranom database. We identified the p.N103K variant in a patient with secondary amenorrhea at the age of 17, elevated FSH and atrophic ovaries. The p.M184T was detected in a sporadic case with atrophic ovaries and very high FSH who developed secondary amenorrhea at the age of 31. CONCLUSIONS Here we newly identified p.N103K and p.M184T mutation in the BMP15 gene associated with idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency. Both mutations have occurred in the prodomain region of protein. Despite prodomain cleavage through dimerization, it is actively involved in the mature protein function. Further studies elucidating the roles of prodomain would lead to a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Afkhami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaei
- Gynecology Departments, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
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Sassi A, Désir J, Duerinckx S, Soblet J, Van Dooren S, Bonduelle M, Abramowicz M, Delbaere A. Compound heterozygous null mutations of NOBOX in sisters with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1776. [PMID: 34480423 PMCID: PMC8580073 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome defined by a premature loss of ovarian function that associates menstrual disturbances and hypergonatropic hypogonadism. POI is a major cause of female infertility affecting 1% of women before the age of 40 and up to 0.01% before the age of 20. The etiology of POI may be iatrogenic, auto‐immune or genetic but remains however undetermined in a large majority of cases. An underlying genetic etiology has to be searched in idiopathic cases, particularly in the context of a family history of POI. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in trio in a Belgian patient presenting POI and in her two parents. The patient presented delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Results WES identified two novel compound heterozygous truncating mutations in the Newborn oogenesis homeobox (NOBOX) gene, c.826C>T (p.(Arg276Ter)) and c.1421del (p.(Gly474AlafsTer76)). Both mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband's sister who presented the same phenotype. Both variants were pathogenic and very likely responsible for the severe POI in this family. Conclusion We report here for the first time compound heterozygous truncating mutations of NOBOX in outbred patients, generalizing biallelic NOBOX null mutations as a cause of severe POI with primary amenorrhea. In addition, our findings also suggest that NOBOX haploinsufficiency is tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sassi
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Désir
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Duerinckx
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Human Genetics, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Van Dooren
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (Bright Core), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryse Bonduelle
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Human Genetics, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Delbaere
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Faiza H, Khan M, Rafiq M, Khan AA, Rind NA, Naqvi SHA. Two novel mutations in exon 2 of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15 gene in Pakistani infertile females. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5364-5370. [PMID: 34466116 PMCID: PMC8381042 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the proportion of fertility in Pakistani infertile females and discover if there are considerable connection among BMP15 gene polymorphism, follicle maturation and hormonal regulation in Pakistani infertile females. Methods All selected participants were initially examined through follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Prolactin, and Trans-vaginal scan (TVS). BMP15 gene polymorphism among infertile and fertile females was done by extracted Genomic DNA from whole blood. Sanger sequencing was performed for the identification of mutation in exons-intron boundaries of the BMP15 gene. Bioinformatics tools were used to assess the protein structure. Results The total five mutations including two novel missense variants of BMP15 in exon 2, whereas three previously reported i.e. two cosmic mutations (c.615delC), (c.584InsG) and one frame shift mutations (c.635delA) were also observed. The first novel mutation was found at (c.1038InsGG) (p.346Gln < Gly) in which the insertion of GG at DNA position 1038 of exon 2 resulting in a substitution of glutamine into glycine at 346th amino acid of BMP15 protein. The second novel variant (c.1049delT) (p. Ser334Pro) was also observed in exon 2 of the BMP15 gene, which substituted serine into proline at 334th amino acid of the BMP15 protein. Conclusion It is concluded that there are various missense mutations present in exon 2 of the BMP15 gene of Pakistani infertile females, consequently expected function of protein changes due to change in codons of amino acids. Provean and SIFT suggest the two novel variants as potentially deleterious. Although three other variants were also found in Pakistani infertile females which were previously reported. These mutations may result in early blockage of folliculogenesis and ovaries become streaky. Further research is required to resolve the actual allusion of these variations in the BMP15 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Faiza
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Majida Khan
- Department of Gynecology, Liaquat University of Medical Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Anoshiya Ali Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Ali Rind
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.,Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, SBBU, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Habib Ahmed Naqvi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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11
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Yang Q, Mumusoglu S, Qin Y, Sun Y, Hsueh AJ. A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with premature ovarian insufficiency and senescence. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21753. [PMID: 34233068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100756r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian infertility and subfertility presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve are major issues facing the developed world due to the trend of delaying childbirth. Ovarian senescence and POI represent a continuum of physiological/pathophysiological changes in ovarian follicle functions. Based on advances in whole exome sequencing, evaluation of gene copy variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes responsible for POI and ovarian senescence. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net) by sub-categorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and DNA repair, transcriptional factors, RNA metabolism, enzymes, and others. We discussed individual gene mutations found in POI patients and verification of gene functions in gene-deleted model organisms. Decreased expression of some of the POI genes could be responsible for ovarian senescence, especially those essential for DNA repair, meiosis and mitochondrial functions. We propose to set up a candidate gene panel for targeted sequencing in POI patients together with studies on mitochondria-associated genes in middle-aged subfertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aaron J Hsueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Orisaka M, Miyazaki Y, Shirafuji A, Tamamura C, Tsuyoshi H, Tsang BK, Yoshida Y. The role of pituitary gonadotropins and intraovarian regulators in follicle development: A mini-review. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:169-175. [PMID: 33850449 PMCID: PMC8022101 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of follicle development is tightly regulated by pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) and intraovarian regulators (eg, steroids, growth factors, and cytokines). METHODS This review outlines recent findings on the mechanisms of human follicle development, based on the research on animal models such as mice, rats, cows, and sheep. MAIN FINDINGS Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and anti-Müllerian hormone are involved in primordial follicle activation during the gonadotropin-independent phase. The intraovarian regulators, such as androgen, insulin-like growth factor system, activin, oocyte-derived factors (growth differentiation factor-9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15), and gap junction membrane channel protein (connexin), play a central role in the acquisition of FSH dependence in preantral follicles during the gonadotropin-responsive phase. Antral follicle development can be divided into FSH-dependent growth and LH-dependent maturation. The indispensable tetralogy for follicle selection and final maturation of antral follicles involves (a) acquisition of LH dependence, (b) greater capacity for E2 production, (c) activation of the IGF system, and (d) an antiapoptotic follicular microenvironment. CONCLUSION We reproductive endocrinologists should accumulate further knowledge from animal model studies to develop methods that promote early folliculogenesis and connect to subsequent gonadotropin therapy in infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Orisaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Yumiko Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Aya Shirafuji
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Chiyo Tamamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Hideaki Tsuyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Reproductive Biology UnitDepartments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Chronic Disease ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteCritical Care WingThe Ottawa Hospital ‐ General CampusOttawaONCanada
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
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13
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Sassi A, Désir J, Janssens V, Marangoni M, Daneels D, Gheldof A, Bonduelle M, Van Dooren S, Costagliola S, Delbaere A. Novel inactivating follicle-stimulating hormone receptor mutations in a patient with premature ovarian insufficiency identified by next-generation sequencing gene panel analysis. F S Rep 2020; 1:193-201. [PMID: 34223243 PMCID: PMC8244262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To find the genetic etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in a patient with primary amenorrhea and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Design Case report. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A Belgian woman aged 32 years with POI at the age of 17, her parents, and her sister whose POI was diagnosed at age 29. Intervention(s) Analysis of a panel of 31 genes implicated in POI (POIGP) using next-generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing, and in vitro functional study. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gene variants, family mutational segregation, and in vitro functional impact of the mutant proteins. Result(s) The analysis of the gene panel using NGS identified the presence of two novel follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) missense mutations at a compound heterozygous state in the affected patient: c.646 G>A, p.Gly216Arg, and c.1313C>T, p.Thr438Ile. Sanger sequencing showed the presence of each mutation at heterozygous state in the patient’s parents and at heterozygous compound state in the affected sister. Both substituted amino acids (Gly216 and Thr438) were conserved in FSHR of several vertebrate species as well as in other glycoproteins receptors (TSHR and LHCGHR), suggesting a potentially important role in glycoprotein receptor function. An in vitro functional study showed similar results for both variants with more than 90% reduction of their cell surface expression and a 55% reduction of their FSH-induced cyclic adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate (cAMP) production compared with the wild-type FSHR. Conclusion(s) The analysis of a gene panel of 31 genes implicated in POI allowed us to identify two novel partially inactivating mutations of FSHR that are likely responsible for the POI phenotype of the proband and of her affected sister.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sassi
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Désir
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Janssens
- IRIBHM, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorien Daneels
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (Bright Core), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryse Bonduelle
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (Bright Core), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Van Dooren
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (Bright Core), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- IRIBHM, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Delbaere
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Guo T, Zheng Y, Li G, Zhao S, Ma J, Qin Y. Novel pathogenic mutations in minichromosome maintenance complex component 9 (MCM9) responsible for premature ovarian insufficiency. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:845-852. [PMID: 32145932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mutations in the minichromosome maintenance complex component 9 (MCM9) gene were present in 192 patients with sporadic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) of Chinese descent. DESIGN Genetic and functional study. SETTING University-based reproductive medicine center. PATIENT(S) A total of 192 patients with sporadic POI and 192 control women with regular menstruation. INTERVENTION(S) Sanger sequencing performed in 192 sporadic POI patients, and potential pathogenic variants were excluded in matched controls. Functional effects of mutations on MCM9 were explored based on etoposide-induced DNA damage response, and DNA repair capacity was evaluated by histone H2AX phosphorylation level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sanger sequencing and functional characteristics. RESULT(S) Three novel heterozygous mutations in MCM9, c.C1423T (p.L475F), c.T2921C (p.L974S), and c.G3388A (p.A1130T), were identified in three POI patients separately, which were absent in 192 controls. Functional studies showed that the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing mutant MCM9 presented with diminished DNA repair capacity compared with wild type. CONCLUSION(S) This study identified novel mutations in MCM9 that are potentially causative for sporadic POI in Chinese women and further highlighted the role of DNA repair capacity in maintenance of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Rossetti R, Ferrari I, Bestetti I, Moleri S, Brancati F, Petrone L, Finelli P, Persani L. Fundamental role of BMP15 in human ovarian folliculogenesis revealed by null and missense mutations associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:983-997. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilan Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrari
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilan Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Lab of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular GeneticsIstituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilan Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilan Italy
| | - Silvia Moleri
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilan Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'Aquila Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell BiologyIstituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) IRCCSRome Italy
| | - Luisa Petrone
- Dipartimento Medico‐Geriatico, EndocrinologiaAzienda ospedaliero‐Universitaria CareggiFirenze Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Lab of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular GeneticsIstituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilan Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilan Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilan Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilan Italy
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16
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Liu MN, Zhang K, Xu TM. The role of BMP15 and GDF9 in the pathogenesis of primary ovarian insufficiency. HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:325-332. [PMID: 31607184 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1672107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine and paracrine signals can be key regulators of ovarian physiology. The oocyte secretes growth factors which directly induce follicular development by a complex paracrine signalling process, and the transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β) superfamily has a pivotal role in this process. The bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are relevant members of the TGF-β superfamily that encode proteins secreted by the oocytes into the ovarian follicles, where they contribute to creating an environment supporting follicle selection and growth. Their main functions include regulating cellular proliferation/differentiation, follicular survival/atresia, and oocyte maturation. Recent functional studies have validated genetic factors (Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1)), Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1, GDF9 and BMP15) as being causative of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), BMP15/GDF9 gene variants were found to have a high incidence on the POI phenotype. This review considers the most recent research regarding the role of BMP15 and GDF9 in the genetic control of follicular development, paying special attention to the pathogenesis of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Na Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University Second Hospital , Changchun , China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Research Center, Jilin University Second Hospital , Changchun , China
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jilin University Second Hospital , Changchun , China
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17
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Santos M, Cordts EB, Peluso C, Dornas M, Neto FHV, Bianco B, Barbosa CP, Christofolini DM. Association of BMP15 and GDF9 variants to premature ovarian insufficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2163-2169. [PMID: 31392662 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify genetic variation associated to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). METHODS A total of 74 women with POI (group POI), 45 women with increased FSH levels (group high FSH), and 88 controls (non-POI) were studied. Genotyping of BMP15:c.-9C>G (rs3810682), BMP15:c.328+905A>G (rs3897937), and BMP15:c.852C>T (rs17003221); and GDF9:c.134-694G>A (rs4705974), GDF9:c.-31-951G>A (rs11748063), GDF9:c.-152G>C (rs30177), and GDF9:g.1073C>T (rs803224) was performed by the TaqMan methodology. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed to evaluate the distribution of genotypes, alleles, odds ratio, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of each variation. Haplotype analysis was performed for each gene considering the case and control groups. Bonferroni's correction was applied to chi-square and Fisher's exact test data, and p values < 0.007 for genotypes and alleles and < 0.006 for haplotypes were considered significant. RESULTS It was observed a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution of BMP15:c.852C>T between group POI and controls (p < 0.001). TT and TC genotypes were more frequently observed in group POI. Genotype distribution in case group POI, however, was not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, due to the increased number of heterozygotes in the sample. Concerning GDF9, no association was found among the studied genetic variants and POI or high FSH groups. CONCLUSION It is concluded from the present study that the genotypes CT and TT from BMP15:c.852C>T variation may be risk factors for the development of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monise Santos
- Instituto Ideia Fértil, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Emerson Barchi Cordts
- Instituto Ideia Fértil, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Carla Peluso
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Mayla Dornas
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Felipe Heurre Vieira Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Instituto Ideia Fértil, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Instituto Ideia Fértil, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Instituto Ideia Fértil, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Room 101, CEPES, Santo André, SP, 09060-870, Brazil.
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18
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Hobeika E, Armouti M, Kala H, Fierro MA, Winston NJ, Scoccia B, Zamah AM, Stocco C. Oocyte-Secreted Factors Synergize With FSH to Promote Aromatase Expression in Primary Human Cumulus Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1667-1676. [PMID: 30541132 PMCID: PMC6441017 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on aromatase regulation is poorly understood in humans. OBJECTIVE Determine GDF9 and BMP15 effects on FSH stimulation of estradiol production in primary human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). We hypothesized that the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potentiates FSH-induced aromatase expression. DESIGN Primary human cumulus GCs in culture. SETTING University infertility center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS GCs of 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization were collected. INTERVENTIONS Cells were treated with GDF9 and/or BMP15 (GB) in the presence or absence of FSH, dibutyryl cAMP, or SMAD inhibitors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Promoter activity, mRNA, protein, and estradiol levels were quantified. RESULTS FSH and GB treatment increased CYP19A1 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels as well as estradiol when compared with cells treated with FSH only. GB treatment potentiated cAMP stimulation of aromatase and IGF2 stimulation by FSH. GB effects were inhibited by SMAD3 inhibitors and IGF1 receptor inhibitors. GB, but not FSH, stimulates SMAD3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION The combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potently stimulates the effect of FSH and cAMP on CYP19a1 promoter activity and mRNA/protein levels. These effects translate into an increase in estradiol production. This potentiation seems to occur through activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD3 signaling pathway and involves, at least in part, the effect of the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hobeika
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marah Armouti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hamsini Kala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele A Fierro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicola J Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bert Scoccia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alberuni M Zamah
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Carlos Stocco, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612. E-mail:
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19
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Bian Y, Ning Y, Qin Y. Mutational analysis of theFAM175A gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 38:943-950. [PMID: 31000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The family with sequence similarity 175 member A gene (FAM175A; also known as ABRAXAS1, CCDC98 and ABRA1), a member of the DNA repair family, contributes to the BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated)-dependent DNA damage response and is associated with age at natural menopause. However, it remains poorly understood whether sequence variants in FAM175A are causative for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether mutations in the gene FAM175A were present in patients with POI. DESIGN A total of 400 women with idiopathic POI and 498 control women with regular menstruation (306 age-matched women and 192 women over 40 years old) were recruited. After Sanger sequencing of FAM175A, functional experiments were carried out to explore the deleterious effects of the identified variation. DNA damage was subsequently induced by mitomycin C (MMC), and DNA repair capacity and G2-M checkpoint activation were evaluated by examining the phosphorylation level of H2AX (H2A histone family, member X) and the percentage of mitotic cells, respectively. RESULTS One rare single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs755187051 in gene FAM175A, c.C727G (p.L243V), was identified in two patients but absent in the 498 controls. The functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of variant p.L243V in HeLa cells resulted in a similar sensitivity to MMC-induced damage compared with cells transfected with wild-type FAM175A. Moreover, after treatment with MMC, there were no differences in DNA repair capacity and G2-M checkpoint activation between the mutant and wild-type genes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the p.L243V variant of FAM175A may not be causative for POI. The contribution of FAM175A to POI needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yunna Ning
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
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20
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Zhang X, Ji M, Tan X, Yu K, Liu X, Li N, Yu Z. Impairment of ovaries by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in utero associated with BMP15 and GDF9 in the female offspring rat. Toxicology 2018; 410:16-25. [PMID: 30172648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in utero had been shown to affect ovarian development and functions. However, its mechanism remained unknown. In this study, to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to TCDD on ovaries, the pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with TCDD (100 ng/kg or 500 ng/kg) or only vehicle and corn oil on the day 8-14 of gestation through the gavage with a stainless-steel feeding needle (once a day). The vaginal opening and estrous cycle of female offspring rats (F1) were monitored twice a day. The ovarian histology, follicle counts, real-time PCR, western blotting and DNA methylation analysis about Gdf9 and Bmp15 were carried out in F1 rats. The results showed that exposure to TCDD (especially the dose of 500 ng/kg) in utero on GD8-14 might change the ovary weight, the concentration of E2 and FSH, the estrous cycles and the numbers of primordial and secondary follicles of the offspring rats. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of GDF9 and BMP15 was down-regulated, while the methylation patterns of Gdf9 and Bmp15 were not affected. In conclusion, maternal exposure to TCDD could affect the ovary development and functions which were possibly associated with down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of GDF9 and BMP15. However, the down-regulation was not related to the pattern of methylation of Gdf9 and Bmp15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 of Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuemei Tan
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kailun Yu
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, No. 7 of Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 of Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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21
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Dean DD, Agarwal S, Tripathi P. Connecting links between genetic factors defining ovarian reserve and recurrent miscarriages. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:2121-2128. [PMID: 30219969 PMCID: PMC6289926 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 1-2% of the women faces three or more successive spontaneous miscarriages termed as recurrent miscarriage (RM). Many clinical factors have been attributed so far to be the potential risk factors in RM, including uterine anomalies, antiphospholipid syndrome, endocrinological abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, and infections. However, in spite of extensive studies, reviews, and array of causes known to be associated with RM, about 50% cases encountered by treating physicians remains unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate recent publications and to explore oocyte-specific genetic factors that may have role in incidence of recurrent miscarriages. METHOD Recent studies have identified common molecular factors contributing both in establishment of ovarian reserve and in early embryonic development. Also, studies have pointed out the relationship between the age-associated depletion of OR and increase in the risk of miscarriages, thus suggestive of an interacting biology. Here, we have gathered literature evidences in establishing connecting links between genetic factors associated with age induced or pathological OR depletion and idiopathic RM, which are the two extreme ends of female reproductive pathology. CONCLUSION In light of connecting etiological link between infertility and RM as reviewed in this study, interrogating the oocyte-specific genes with suspected roles in reproductive biology, in cases of unexplained RM, may open new possibilities in widening our understanding of RM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Delsa Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, U.P. 226014 India
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, U.P. 226014 India
| | - Poonam Tripathi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, U.P. 226014 India
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22
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GDF-9 and BMP-15 direct the follicle symphony. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1741-1750. [PMID: 30039232 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiology underlying the complex dialog between the oocyte and its surrounding somatic cells within the ovarian follicle has been crucial in defining optimal procedures for the development of clinical approaches in ART for women suffering from infertility and ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies have implicated oocyte-secreted factors like growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily, as potent regulators of folliculogenesis and ovulation. These two factors act as biologically active heterodimers or as homodimers in a synergistic cooperation. Through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, the GDF-9 and BMP-15 system has been shown to regulate growth, differentiation, and function of granulosa and thecal cells during follicular development playing a vital role in oocyte development, ovulation, fertilization, and embryonic competence. The present mini-review provides an overview of recent findings relating GDF-9 and BMP-15 as fundamental factors implicated in the regulation of ovarian function and discusses their potential role as markers of oocyte quality in women.
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23
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Liang QX, Wang ZB, Lin F, Zhang CH, Sun HM, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Schatten H, Odile FC, Brigitte B, Sun QY, Qian WP. Ablation of beta subunit of protein kinase CK2 in mouse oocytes causes follicle atresia and premature ovarian failure. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29725001 PMCID: PMC5938699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), a major cause of female infertility, is a complex disorder, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder are only poorly understood. Here we report that protein kinase CK2 contributes to maintaining follicular survival through PI3K/AKT pathway and DNA damage response pathway. Targeted deletion of CK2β in mouse oocytes from the primordial follicle stage resulted in female infertility, which was attributed to POF incurring by massive follicle atresia. Downregulated PI3K/AKT signaling was found after CK2β deletion, indicated by reduced level of phosphorylated AKT (S473, T308, and S129) and altered AKT targets related to cell survival. Further studies discovered that CK2β-deficient oocytes showed enhanced γH2AX signals, indicative of accumulative unrepaired DSBs, which activated CHK2-dependant p53 and p63 signaling. The suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and failed DNA damage response signaling probably contribute to large-scale oocyte loss and eventually POF. Our findings provide important new clues for elucidating the mechanisms underlying follicle atresia and POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Filhol-Cochet Odile
- INSERM U1036, Institute de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énerigies Alternatives Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Ding C, Zou Q, Ding J, Ling M, Wang W, Li H, Huang B. Increased N6-methyladenosine causes infertility is associated with FTO expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7055-7066. [PMID: 29384212 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a central role in epigenetic regulation of the mammalian transcriptome. m6A can be demethylated by the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) protein and the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) protein. Much less is known about that whether m6A content is involved in POI (premature ovarian insufficiency) disease. In this case-controlled study, 69 POI and 53 tubal occlusion patients were recruited from the reproduction centers in our hospital. For the POI animal model experiment, ovarian tissue was obtained from ten POI and nine healthy mice. An m6A test kit was developed to determine the m6A content in the RNA, and qPCR and western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5. FACS was used to measure the levels of proliferation and apoptosis, and siRNA was used to establish FTO and ALKBH5 knockdown cell lines. Our results showed that the m6A content in the RNA from POI patients and POI mice was significantly higher than control groups and that POI was characterized by the content of m6A. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FTO were significantly lower in the POI patients than control group and were associated with a risk of POI. These data suggest that the decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of FTO may be responsible for the increase in m6A in POI, which may further increase the risk of complications of POI. High m6A should be investigated further as a novel potential biomarker of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Ding
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinyan Zou
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Boxian Huang
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Belli M, Shimasaki S. Molecular Aspects and Clinical Relevance of GDF9 and BMP15 in Ovarian Function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:317-348. [PMID: 29544636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-secreted factors with a leading role in the control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both the cell fate of the somatic granulosa cells and the quality and developmental competence of the egg. This short review aims to consolidate the molecular aspects of GDF9 and BMP15 and their integral actions in female fertility to understand particularly their effects on oocyte quality and fetal growth. The significant consequences of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in women with dizygotic twins as well as the clinical relevance of these oocyte factors in the pathogenesis of primary ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shunichi Shimasaki
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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26
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Mayer A, Fouquet B, Pugeat M, Misrahi M. BMP15 “knockout-like” effect in familial premature ovarian insufficiency with persistent ovarian reserve. Clin Genet 2017; 92:208-212. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mayer
- Department of Endocrinology (AM); Chambery Hospital; Chambery France
| | - B. Fouquet
- Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - M. Pugeat
- INSERM U1060 CARMEN Institute, Fédération d'endocrinologie Est (MP); Université de Lyon 1; Oullins France
| | - M. Misrahi
- Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
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27
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Rossetti R, Ferrari I, Bonomi M, Persani L. Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2016; 91:183-198. [PMID: 27861765 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by a loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 and account for one major cause of female infertility. POI relevance is continuously growing because of the increasing number of women desiring conception beyond 30 years of age, when POI prevalence is >1%. POI is highly heterogeneous and can present with ovarian dysgenesis and primary amenorrhea, or with secondary amenorrhea, and it can be associated with other congenital or acquired abnormalities. In most cases POI remains classified as idiopathic. However, the age of menopause is an inheritable trait and POI has a strong genetic component. This is confirmed by the existence of several candidate genes, experimental and natural models. The variable expressivity of POI defect may indicate that, this disease may frequently be considered as a multifactorial or oligogenic defect. The most common genetic contributors to POI are the X chromosome-linked defects. Here, we review the principal X-linked and autosomal genes involved in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of POI with the expectation that this list will soon be upgraded, thus allowing the possibility to predict the risk of an early age at menopause in families with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rossetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - I Ferrari
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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28
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Chang HM, Qiao J, Leung PCK. Oocyte-somatic cell interactions in the human ovary-novel role of bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:1-18. [PMID: 27797914 PMCID: PMC5155571 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initially identified for their capability to induce heterotopic bone formation,
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that belong
to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Using cellular and
molecular genetic approaches, recent studies have implicated intra-ovarian BMPs as
potent regulators of ovarian follicular function. The bi-directional communication
of oocytes and the surrounding somatic cells is mandatory for normal follicle
development and oocyte maturation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on
the physiological role and molecular determinants of these ovarian regulatory
factors within the human germline-somatic regulatory loop. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The regulation of ovarian function remains poorly characterized in humans because,
while the fundamental process of follicular development and oocyte maturation is
highly similar across species, most information on the regulation of ovarian
function is obtained from studies using rodent models. Thus, this review focuses
on the studies that used human biological materials to gain knowledge about human
ovarian biology and disorders and to develop strategies for preventing, diagnosing
and treating these abnormalities. SEARCH METHODS Relevant English-language publications describing the roles of BMPs or growth
differentiation factors (GDFs) in human ovarian biology and phenotypes were
comprehensively searched using PubMed and the Google Scholar database. The
publications included those published since the initial identification of BMPs in
the mammalian ovary in 1999 through July 2016. OUTCOMES Studies using human biological materials have revealed the expression of BMPs,
GDFs and their putative receptors as well as their molecular signaling in the
fundamental cells (oocyte, cumulus/granulosa cells (GCs) and theca/stroma cells)
of the ovarian follicles throughout follicle development. With the availability of
recombinant human BMPs/GDFs and the development of immortalized human cell lines,
functional studies have demonstrated the physiological role of intra-ovarian
BMPs/GDFs in all aspects of ovarian functions, from follicle development to
steroidogenesis, cell–cell communication, oocyte maturation, ovulation and
luteal function. Furthermore, there is crosstalk between these potent ovarian
regulators and the endocrine signaling system. Dysregulation or naturally
occurring mutations within the BMP system may lead to several female reproductive
diseases. The latest development of recombinant BMPs, synthetic BMP inhibitors,
gene therapy and tools for BMP-ligand sequestration has made the BMP pathway a
potential therapeutic target in certain human fertility disorders; however,
further clinical trials are needed. Recent studies have indicated that GDF8 is an
intra-ovarian factor that may play a novel role in regulating ovarian functions in
the human ovary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Intra-ovarian BMPs/GDFs are critical regulators of folliculogenesis and human
ovarian functions. Any dysregulation or variations in these ligands or their
receptors may affect the related intracellular signaling and influence ovarian
functions, which accounts for several reproductive pathologies and infertility.
Understanding the normal and pathological roles of intra-ovarian BMPs/GDFs,
especially as related to GC functions and follicular fluid levels, will inform
innovative approaches to fertility regulation and improve the diagnosis and
treatment of ovarian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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The comparison of animal models for premature ovarian failure established by several different source of inducers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:223-232. [PMID: 27612992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare premature ovarian failure animal models established by several different source of inducers. Female ICR mice, KM mice, and SD rats were treated by cyclophosphamide at 120 mg/kg, busulfan at 12 mg/kg, cisplatin at 3 or 4 mg/kg, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide at 160 mg/kg, 35% galactose food pellet, and tripterygium glycosides at 50 mg/kg, respectively. Parameters were analyzed by body weight, serum concentration level of related hormones, ovarian and uterine pathological examination. The results indicated the body weight of mice increased very slowly following single dose of cyclophosphamide (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary; repeated doses of cisplatin could induce body weight significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with a rising trend of serum LH concentration, declining tendency of serum E2 concentration and injured ovary and uterus; 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide also hindered the mice growing (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary and uterus; the body weight of mice feed by 35% galactose food pellet increased slowly (p < 0.05) with dramatically higher serum concentration level of galactose, albumin, and total protein (p < 0.001) and injured ovary. Busulfan and tripterygium glycosides did not present obvious evidences. In conclusion, the inducers presented their respective features in such animal models and should be appropriately applied in preventive methods.
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30
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Mehdizadeh A, Sheikhha MH, Kalantar SM, Aali BS, Ghanei A. Mutation analysis of exon1 of bone morphogenetic protein-15 gene in Iranian patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.8.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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31
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Jung D, Kee K. Insights into female germ cell biology: from in vivo development to in vitro derivations. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:415-20. [PMID: 25652637 PMCID: PMC4430939 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.148077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of human germ cell biology is important for developing infertility treatments. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate human gametogenesis due to the difficulties in collecting samples, especially germ cells during fetal development. In contrast to the mitotic arrest of spermatogonia stem cells in the fetal testis, female germ cells proceed into meiosis and began folliculogenesis in fetal ovaries. Regulations of these developmental events, including the initiation of meiosis and the endowment of primordial follicles, remain an enigma. Studying the molecular mechanisms of female germ cell biology in the human ovary has been mostly limited to spatiotemporal characterizations of genes or proteins. Recent efforts in utilizing in vitro differentiation system of stem cells to derive germ cells have allowed researchers to begin studying molecular mechanisms during human germ cell development. Meanwhile, the possibility of isolating female germline stem cells in adult ovaries also excites researchers and generates many debates. This review will mainly focus on presenting and discussing recent in vivo and in vitro studies on female germ cell biology in human. The topics will highlight the progress made in understanding the three main stages of germ cell developments: namely, primordial germ cell formation, meiotic initiation, and folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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BMP-15 m-RNA expression of mouse oocytes in vitro maturation in different droplet medium volume. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chapman C, Cree L, Shelling AN. The genetics of premature ovarian failure: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:799-810. [PMID: 26445561 PMCID: PMC4590549 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common cause of infertility in women, characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropin levels in women under the age of 40. Many genes have been identified over the past few years that contribute to the development of POF. However, few genes have been identified that can explain a substantial proportion of cases of POF. The unbiased approaches of genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing technologies have identified several novel genes implicated in POF. As only a small proportion of genes influencing idiopathic POF have been identified thus far, it remains to be determined how many genes and molecular pathways may influence idiopathic POF development. However, owing to POF’s diverse etiology and genetic heterogeneity, we expect to see the contribution of several new and novel molecular pathways that will greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of ovarian function. Future genetic studies in large cohorts of well-defined, unrelated, idiopathic POF patients will provide a great opportunity to identify the missing heritability of idiopathic POF. The identification of several causative genes may allow for early detection and would provide better opportunity for early intervention, and furthermore, the identification of specific gene defects will help direct potential targets for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chevy Chapman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynsey Cree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Calreticulin is required for development of the cumulus oocyte complex and female fertility. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14254. [PMID: 26388295 PMCID: PMC4585710 DOI: 10.1038/srep14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Calnexin (CANX) and calreticulin (CALR) chaperones mediate nascent glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we report that these chaperones have distinct roles in male and female fertility. Canx null mice are growth retarded but fertile. Calr null mice die during embryonic development, rendering indeterminate any effect on reproduction. Therefore, we conditionally ablated Calr in male and female germ cells using Stra8 (mcKO) and Zp3 (fcKO) promoter-driven Cre recombinase, respectively. Calr mcKO male mice were fertile, but fcKO female mice were sterile despite normal mating behavior. Strikingly, we found that Calr fcKO female mice had impaired folliculogenesis and decreased ovulatory rates due to defective proliferation of cuboidal granulosa cells. Oocyte-derived, TGF-beta family proteins play a major role in follicular development and molecular analysis revealed that the normal processing of GDF9 and BMP15 was defective in Calr fcKO oocytes. These findings highlight the importance of CALR in female reproduction and demonstrate that compromised CALR function leads to ovarian insufficiency and female infertility.
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Qin Y, Jiao X, Simpson JL, Chen ZJ. Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency: new developments and opportunities. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:787-808. [PMID: 26243799 PMCID: PMC4594617 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by marked heterogeneity, but with a significant genetic contribution. Identifying exact causative genes has been challenging, with many discoveries not replicated. It is timely to take stock of the field, outlining the progress made, framing the controversies and anticipating future directions in elucidating the genetics of POI. METHODS A search for original articles published up to May 2015 was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, identifying studies on the genetic etiology of POI. Studies were included if chromosomal analysis, candidate gene screening and a genome-wide study were conducted. Articles identified were restricted to English language full-text papers. RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities have long been recognized as a frequent cause of POI, with a currently estimated prevalence of 10-13%. Using the traditional karyotype methodology, monosomy X, mosaicism, X chromosome deletions and rearrangements, X-autosome translocations, and isochromosomes have been detected. Based on candidate gene studies, single gene perturbations unequivocally having a deleterious effect in at least one population include Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation on the X chromosome; Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), Folliculogenesis specific bHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), Newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), Nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 (NR5A1) and Nanos homolog 3 (NANOS3) seem likely as well, but mostly being found in no more than 1-2% of a single population studied. Whole genome approaches have utilized genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to reveal loci not predicted on the basis of a candidate gene, but it remains difficult to locate causative genes and susceptible loci were not always replicated. Cytogenomic methods (array CGH) have identified other regions of interest but studies have not shown consistent results, the resolution of arrays has varied and replication is uncommon. Whole-exome sequencing in non-syndromic POI kindreds has only recently begun, revealing mutations in the Stromal antigen 3 (STAG3), Synaptonemal complex central element 1 (SYCE1), minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 and 9 (MCM8, MCM9) and ATP-dependent DNA helicase homolog (HFM1) genes. Given the slow progress in candidate-gene analysis and relatively small sample sizes available for GWAS, family-based whole exome and whole genome sequencing appear to be the most promising approaches for detecting potential genes responsible for POI. CONCLUSION Taken together, the cytogenetic, cytogenomic (array CGH) and exome sequencing approaches have revealed a genetic causation in ∼20-25% of POI cases. Uncovering the remainder of the causative genes will be facilitated not only by whole genome approaches involving larger cohorts in multiple populations but also incorporating environmental exposures and exploring signaling pathways in intragenic and intergenic regions that point to perturbations in regulatory genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Joe Leigh Simpson
- Research and Global Programs March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, NY, USA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of new insights into the genetic causes of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and address the challenges faced by clinicians who care for adolescents with this condition. RECENT FINDINGS In most cases, the cause of POI remains a mystery after appropriate clinical testing has been completed. Large-scale genomic sequencing approaches are uncovering new mechanisms underlying the disorder. Gene variants that affect the normal processes of primordial germ-cell proliferation and migration, oocyte meiosis, and ovarian follicle formation/activation are plausible mechanisms. Whole exome sequencing has been used to associate many of these variants with human POI. POI is a serious chronic condition with no cure. It qualifies as a rare disease and as such presents special challenges to patients, parents, and clinicians. Although the diagnosis of POI is often delayed because of the assumption that irregular menses are common among adolescents, early detection is critical for the maintenance of bone and cardiovascular health. Treatment options have focused on hormonal therapy and fertility preservation. However, many studies prove the increasing need to incorporate mental health support and a family systems approach into the management plan. SUMMARY Large-scale genomic sequencing has recently identified new mechanisms of POI. However, at present this testing is not clinically indicated as routine. Practice will change as genomic medicine is integrated into standard care. Adolescents with POI are best served by an integrated personal care approach centered on the patient and provided by a primary care clinician who has support from a multidisciplinary team.
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Abstract
Half-sib daughters sired by a bull believed to be a carrier of a major gene for high ovulation rate were evaluated for ovulation rate and genotyped in an effort to both test the hypothesis of segregation of a major gene and to map the gene’s location. A total of 131 daughters were produced over four consecutive years at a University of Wisconsin-Madison research farm. All were evaluated for ovulation rate over an average of four estrous cycles using transrectal ultrasonography. The sire and all daughters were genotyped using a 3K SNP chip and the genotype and phenotype data were used in a linkage analysis. Subsequently, daughters recombinant within the QTL region and the sire were genotyped successively with 50K and 777K SNP chips to refine the location of the causative polymorphism. Positional candidate genes within the fine-mapped region were examined for polymorphism by Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons encompassing coding and 5’ and 3’ flanking regions of the genes. Sire DNA was used as template in the PCR reactions. Strong evidence of a major gene for ovulation rate was observed (p<1x10-28) with the gene localized to bovine chromosome 10. Fine-mapping subsequently reduced the location to a 1.2 Mb region between 13.6 and 14.8 Mb on chromosome 10. The location identified does not correspond to that for any previously identified major gene for ovulation rate. This region contains three candidate genes, SMAD3, SMAD6 and IQCH. While candidate gene screening failed to identify the causative polymorphism, three polymorphisms were identified that can be used as a haplotype to track inheritance of the high ovulation rate allele in descendants of the carrier sire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris A. Morris
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Investigation of some genetic variations in BMP15 accompanied with premature ovarian failure (POF) in Syrian women. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Effect of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) on steroidogenesis in primary-cultured human luteinizing granulosa cells through Smad5 signalling. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1079-88. [PMID: 26003656 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if there is any effect of AMH and BMP-15 on estradiol and progesterone production from primary-cultured human luteinizing granulosa cells, to delineate what is the effect of FSH on their actions and which are the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS Luteinizing granulosa cells (GCs), obtained from follicular fluid of 30 women undergoing in vitro fertilization, were cultured, after a short 24-h preincubation period, in serum-free medium for 24 or/and 48 h in the presence/absence of various concentrations of AMH, BMP-15 and FSH alone or in combinations. Estradiol and progesterone production, SMAD5 phosphorylation and StAR expression were studied in parallel. Steroids were measured in culture-supernatant using enzyme-immunoassays, while Smad5-signaling pathway activation and StAR protein expression were assessed immunocytochemically. RESULT(S) We found that the treatment of AMH in GCs for 24/48 h attenuated FSH-induced estradiol production (p < 0.001), had no effect on basal estradiol levels, decreased basal progesterone production (p < 0.001) and FSH-induced StAR expression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, BMP-15 decreased basal estradiol levels (p < 0.001) and attenuated FSH-induced estradiol production (p < 0.001). Furthermore, BMP-15 reduced progesterone basal secretion (p < 0.001), an effect that was partially reversed by FSH (p < 0.01), probably via increasing StAR expression (p < 0.001). FSH-induced StAR expression was also attenuated by BMP-15 (p < 0.001). FSH, AMH and BMP-15 activated Smad-signaling pathway, as confirmed by the increase of phospo-Smad5 protein levels (p < 0.001 compared to control). CONCLUSION(S) AMH and BMP-15 by interacting with FSH affect the production of estradiol and progesterone from cultured luteinizing-granulosa cells possibly via Smad5-protein phosphorylation.
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Ma L, Chen Y, Mei S, Liu C, Ma X, Li Y, Jiang Y, Ha L, Xu X. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in premature ovarian failure-associated genes in a Chinese Hui population. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2529-38. [PMID: 25954833 PMCID: PMC4464472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an ovarian defect characterized by the premature depletion of ovarian follicles in individuals <40 years old, and is a major cause of infertility in females. Genetic factors are considered to be responsible for the development of POF, however, the exact pathogenesis remains to be elucidated in the majority of cases. In the present study, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), inhibin βB (INHBB) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes were investigated, and their association with POF in a Chinese Hui population of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in western China was evaluated. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 63 patients diagnosed with POF (POF group) and 58 normal control individuals (control group), from which the genomic DNA was isolated. The GDF9, BMP15, INHBB and FSHR genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction assays, and their SNPs were determined by sequencing. In the four SNPs identified across the GDF9 loci, D57Y (169G>T), rs1049127 (546G>A), rs254286 (447C>T) and rs254285 (969C>G), the frequencies of the 546G>A genotype and allele A were significantly higher in the POF group, compared with the normal control group (34.92, vs. 6.90%; P<0.05 and 19.05, vs. 3.23%; P<0.05, repsectively), while no significant differences were observed in the occur rence of the c.447C>T and c.969C>G mutations between the two groups (60.32, vs. 50% and 50.79, vs. 55.17%, repsectively). The c.169G>T mutation within the GDF9 gene was only detected in two patients with POF, and the mutation did not occur in the normal control group. A total of three SNPs were detected within the BMP15 gene, including rs3810682 (−9C>G), rs79377927 (788_789insTCT) and rs17003221 (852C>T), and no significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the 9C>G and 852C>T genotypes between the POF and control groups (7.94, vs. 6.90% and 4.76, vs. 3.45%, respectively). The 788_789insTCT genotype was detected in only two patients with POF. A novel mutation, c.1095C>A, was identified in exon 2 of the INHBB gene, however, no significant difference was found in the occurrence of the mutation between the two groups (30.16, vs. 22.41%; P>0.05). The rs6165 (919G>A) and rs6166 (2039G>A) SNPs were detected in exon 10 of the FSHR gene; however, no significant difference was observed in the genotype frequencies between the two groups (92.06, vs. 91.38% and 96.83, vs. 93.10%, respecrively). These results demonstrated that GDF9 c.169G>T (D57Y), c.546G>A (rs1049127), and BMP15 rs79377927 (788_789insTCT) were associated with POF in the Chinese Hui population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Si Mei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Chunlian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhi Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Ha
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xian Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Alvaro Mercadal B, Imbert R, Demeestere I, Gervy C, De Leener A, Englert Y, Costagliola S, Delbaere A. AMH mutations with reduced in vitro bioactivity are related to premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1196-202. [PMID: 25750103 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Could anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) mutations be implicated in the development of idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)? SUMMARY ANSWER Three rare or unknown missense variants of the AMH gene were identified in a cohort of 55 POI patients; all three variants showed a drastically reduced in vitro bioactivity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Genetic factors are implicated in 5-15% of cases of POI. However, only a few genes have been shown to be involved in its development. AMH inhibits the recruitment of primordial follicles in the ovary and defective or absent AMH leads to premature depletion of the primordial follicle pool in AMH null mice. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The whole coding sequence and the exon-intron junction of the AMH gene was sequenced in a cohort of 55 POI patients recruited over a period of 8 years. The studied variants were also sequenced in 197 ethnically matched controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS POI was defined as amenorrhea of more than 4 months with increased FSH before the age of 40. Patients with POI resulting from radio- or chemotherapy, surgery, chromosomal anomalies or FMR1 gene pre-mutation were excluded from the study. Recombinant human wild-type (wt) and mutated AMH proteins were produced in HEK293 T cells. KK-1 cells transfected with the AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2) and a BMP responsive element coupled to a luciferase reporter vector were stimulated with different concentrations of wt AMH and the three tested variants. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The whole coding sequence of the AMH gene could be performed and analyzed for 50 POI patients: 16 variants were found, including 6 missense variants from which 1 was unknown (R444H) and 2 were very rare (G264R and D288E). The variant D288E was also found in one of the patient's mother who also underwent POI at 32 years old. The stimulation of the AMHR2 assessed by the luciferase activity was drastically reduced for the three variants when compared with the wt AMH. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study is limited by a relatively small number of patients in the POI cohort. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first time that the bioactivity of AMH variants related to POI patients is tested in vitro. The functional study showed a drastic reduction of the protein activity for the three variants, supporting their contribution to the development of the ovarian insufficiency. The familial segregation further supports the implication of AMH in the development of POI. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was performed thanks to funding from the 'Fondation Erasme'. No conflicts of interest are declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alvaro Mercadal
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Imbert
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Gervy
- Biochemistry Department, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A De Leener
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Englert
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Delbaere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Maclaran K, Panay N. Current Concepts in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. WOMENS HEALTH 2015; 11:169-82. [PMID: 25776291 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a life-changing diagnosis, with profound physical and psychological consequences. Unfortunately, there are many deficiencies in our understanding of the condition as the underlying etiology and optimum management strategies are poorly understood. Improved awareness of POI and its long-term implications has led to increased research interest in recent years. Current research has allowed a greater understanding of the changing epidemiology in POI, genetic factors in its etiology and randomized controlled trials of hormone therapy are underway to provide evidence for treatment. This article reviews the latest literature on POI to summarize current understanding and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Maclaran
- West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 6AF, UK
| | - Nick Panay
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea and Chelsea & Westminster Hospitals, West London Menopause & PMS Centre, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
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Abstract
Although hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle development has been extensively investigated, most studies concentrate on the development of early antral follicles to the preovulatory stage, leading to the successful use of exogenous FSH for infertility treatment. Accumulating data indicate that preantral follicles are under stringent regulation by FSH and local intraovarian factors, thus providing the possibility to develop new therapeutic approaches. Granulosa cell-derived C-type natriuretic factor not only suppresses the final maturation of oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown before ovulation but also promotes preantral and antral follicle growth. In addition, several oocyte- and granulosa cell-derived factors stimulate preantral follicle growth by acting through wingless, receptor tyrosine kinase, receptor serine kinase, and other signaling pathways. In contrast, the ovarian Hippo signaling pathway constrains follicle growth and disruption of Hippo signaling promotes the secretion of downstream CCN growth factors capable of promoting follicle growth. Although the exact hormonal factors involved in primordial follicle activation has yet to be elucidated, the protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are important for the activation of dormant primordial follicles. Hippo signaling disruption after ovarian fragmentation, combined with treating ovarian fragments with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase stimulators to augment AKT signaling, promote the growth of preantral follicles in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency, leading to a new infertility intervention for such patients. Elucidation of intraovarian mechanisms underlying early folliculogenesis may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and poor ovarian response to FSH stimulation, as well as for infertile women of advanced reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J W Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology (A.J.W.H., Y.C.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5317; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.), St. Mariana University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan; Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynecology (B.C.J.M.F.), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pu D, Xing Y, Gao Y, Gu L, Wu J. Gene variation and premature ovarian failure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 182:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Prevalence of X-aneuploidies, X-structural abnormalities and 46,XY sex reversal in Turkish women with primary amenorrhea or premature ovarian insufficiency. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 182:211-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cerra C, Oliver J, Roberts SA, Horne G, Newman WG, Mohiyiddeen L. A single nucleotide polymorphism of bone morphogenic protein-15 is not associated with ovarian reserve or response to ovarian stimulation. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2832-7. [PMID: 25336710 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there any effect of the -9C>G variant in the bone morphogenic protein-15 (BMP15) gene on ovarian response and/or current markers of ovarian reserve in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER No significant associations of BMP15 genotypes with ovarian response (number of oocytes retrieved) and/or markers of ovarian reserve were detected in our cohort of women undergoing IVF treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is evidence that genetic variation influences patients' response to ovarian stimulation therapy. BMP15 plays a role in the recruitment of primordial follicles. Therefore, variation in BMP15 could predict ovarian reserve and response to ovarian stimulation. Two previous studies have determined a significant correlation between the BMP15 -9C>G variant and over-response to ovarian stimulation. No studies to date have correlated this variant with ovarian reserve markers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this prospective observational study, we genotyped the BMP15 -9C>G single nucleotide polymorphism in 239 unrelated women undergoing their first cycle of controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF and ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection) using gonadotrophins at a tertiary referral centre for reproductive medicine between March 2009 and August 2010. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Baseline pelvic ultrasound and blood tests were taken on Days 2-3 of the cycle for assessment of baseline hormones and for DNA extraction. Genotypes were determined using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of the BMP15 genotype on the ovarian reserve markers, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (s-AMH), follicle stimulating hormone (s-FSH) and antral follicle count (AFC), with adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), and on the primary outcomes of response (number of oocytes retrieved and gonadotrophin dose) with adjustment for age, BMI and treatment received. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There was no evidence of any statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in basal s-FSH, s-AMH and AFC between individuals with different BMP15 genotypes. The number of oocytes retrieved and gonadotrophin dose used were also comparable between the individuals with different genotypes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A larger sample size would be required in order to determine if the BMP15 genotype has a small effect on ovarian reserve or response. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS When considering the development of integrative clinical algorithms for individual FSH doses, our analysis suggests that the genotyping of BMP15 -9C>G does not provide additional useful information as a predictor of ovarian reserve or response to ovarian stimulation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by the Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cerra
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jonathan Oliver
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Stephen A Roberts
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gregory Horne
- Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester M13 9WL, UK Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lamiya Mohiyiddeen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Persani L, Rossetti R, Di Pasquale E, Cacciatore C, Fabre S. The fundamental role of bone morphogenetic protein 15 in ovarian function and its involvement in female fertility disorders. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:869-83. [PMID: 24980253 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have contributed to understanding the general mechanisms driving ovarian folliculogenesis in humans and show a complex endocrine dialog between the central nervous system, the pituitary and the ovary, integrated by various intraovarian paracrine messages. The role of intraovarian paracrine regulation has acquired more relevance in the recent years owing to the discovery of previously unknown factors, such as the oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15. METHODS A thorough literature search was carried out in order to summarize what has been reported so far on the role of BMP15, and the BMP15 paralog, growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), in ovarian function and female fertility. Research articles published in English until March 2014 were included. RESULTS The biological actions of BMP15 include: (i) the promotion of follicle growth and maturation starting from the primary gonadotrophin-independent phases of folliculogenesis; (ii) the regulation of follicular granulosa cell (GC) sensitivity to FSH action and the determination of ovulation quota; (iii) the prevention of GC apoptosis and (iv) the promotion of oocyte developmental competence. The existence of biologically active heterodimers with GDF9, and/or the synergistic co-operation of BMP15 and GDF9 homodimers are indeed relevant in this context. Experimental disruption of the bmp15 gene in mice resulted in a mild fertility defect limited to females, whereas natural missense mutations in ewes cause variable phenotypes (ranging from hyperprolificacy to complete sterility) depending on a fine gene dosage mechanism also involving GDF9. Strong evidence supports the concept that such a mechanism plays an important role in the regulation of ovulation rate across mammalian and non-mammalian species. Following the discovery of sheep fecundity genes, several research groups have focused on alterations in human BMP15 associated with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) or polycystic ovary syndrome. Several variants of BMP15 are significantly associated with POI supporting their pathogenic role, but the underlying biological mechanism is still under investigation and of great interest in medicine. BMP15 maps to the Xp locus involved in the determination of the ovarian defect in Turner syndrome and significantly contributes to the determination of ovarian reserve. Pioneering studies in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation indicate that BMP15 may represent a marker of ovarian response or oocyte quality. CONCLUSIONS BMP15, an oocyte-derived growth and differentiation factor, is a critical regulator of folliculogenesis and GC activities. Variations in BMP15 gene dosage have a relevant influence on ovarian function and can account for several defects of female fertility. The modulation of BMP15 action may have interesting pharmacological perspectives and the analysis of BMP15 may become a useful marker in IVF procedures. Recent outcomes indicate that the close interactions of BMP15/GDF9 have a critical biological impact that should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine & Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR) and Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 59, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cacciatore
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine & Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- INRA, Université de Toulouse INPT, UMR1388, Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes D'Elevage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Ethnic specificity of variants of the ESR1, HK3, BRSK1 genes and the 8q22.3 locus: No association with premature ovarian failure (POF) in Serbian women. Maturitas 2014; 77:64-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chang HM, Cheng JC, Klausen C, Leung PCK. BMP15 suppresses progesterone production by down-regulating StAR via ALK3 in human granulosa cells. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:2093-104. [PMID: 24140593 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to somatic cell-derived growth factors, oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor (GDF)9 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15 play essential roles in female fertility. However, few studies have investigated their effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis, and fewer still have examined their differential effects or underlying molecular determinants. In the present study, we used immortalized human granulosa cells (SVOG) and human granulosa cell tumor cells (KGN) to compare the effects of GDF9 and BMP15 on steroidogenic enzyme expression and investigate potential mechanisms of action. In SVOG cells, neither GDF9 nor BMP15 affects the mRNA levels of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme or 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. However, treatment with BMP15, but not GDF9, significantly decreases steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and protein levels as well as progesterone production. These suppressive effects, along with the induction of Sma and Mad-related protein (SMAD)1/5/8 phosphorylation, are attenuated by cotreatment with 2 different BMP type I receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin and DMH-1). Furthermore, depletion of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)3 using small interfering RNA reverses the effects of BMP15 on SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and StAR expression. Similarly, knockdown of ALK3 abolishes BMP15-induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation in KGN cells. These results provide evidence that oocyte-derived BMP15 down-regulates StAR expression and decreases progesterone production in human granulosa cells, likely via ALK3-mediated SMAD1/5/8 signaling. Our findings suggest that oocyte may play a critical role in the regulation of progesterone to prevent premature luteinization during the late stage of follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Ming Chang
- PhD, FCAHS, FRSC, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4.
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Abstract
Ovarian reserve and its utilization, over a reproductive life span, are determined by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The establishment of the primordial follicle pool and the rate of primordial follicle activation have been under intense study to determine genetic factors that affect reproductive lifespan. Much has been learned from transgenic animal models about the developmental origins of the primordial follicle pool and mechanisms that lead to primordial follicle activation, folliculogenesis, and the maturation of a single oocyte with each menstrual cycle. Recent genome-wide association studies on the age of human menopause have identified approximately 20 loci, and shown the importance of factors involved in double-strand break repair and immunology. Studies to date from animal models and humans show that many genes determine ovarian aging, and that there is no single dominant allele yet responsible for depletion of the ovarian reserve. Personalized genomic approaches will need to take into account the high degree of genetic heterogeneity, family pedigree, and functional data of the genes critical at various stages of ovarian development to predict women's reproductive life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Wood
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
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