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Sousa LG, Alves P, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G, Fonseca BM. Alterations in the pro-resolving lipid mediator machinery within first trimester maternal tissue: Implications in decidualization and miscarriage risk. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102619. [PMID: 38788346 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A pivotal event in uterine receptivity and human reproduction is the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells, known as decidualization. Decidualization is interlinked with its inflammatory environment. Our study aimed to investigate the presence and role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in first trimester maternal tissue. We assessed the levels of LXA4 and RvD1, along with their metabolic LOX enzymes, in elective (control) and sporadic miscarriage samples. We investigated the effects of LXA4 and RvD1 on decidualization using primary endometrial stromal cells and the immortalized endometrial stromal St-T1b cell line. The upregulation of 12- and 15-LOX expression was observed in pregnancy tissue after sporadic miscarriage, suggesting an inflammatory imbalance. Furthermore, incubation with these lipid mediators led to a decrease in decidualization biomarkers PRL and IGFBP-1, accompanied by morphological changes indicative of aberrant differentiation. The expression of LOX enzymes in decidual natural killer cells suggests their involvement in regulating the inflammatory surroundings and the extent of decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa G Sousa
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Chen S, Lei H, Mu H, Yu H, Hou Y, Tang K, Chen X, Dong J, Wang X, Chen L. Aberrant NK cell profile in gestational diabetes mellitus with fetal growth restriction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346231. [PMID: 38375483 PMCID: PMC10875967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a gestational disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, that can lead to dysfunction of diverse cells in the body, especially the immune cells. It has been reported that immune cells, specifically natural killer (NK) cells, play a crucial role in normal pregnancy. However, it remains unknown how hyperglycemia affects NK cell dysfunction thus participates in the development of GDM. In this experiment, GDM mice were induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after pregnancy and it has been found that the intrauterine growth restriction occurred in mice with STZ-induced GDM, accompanied by the changed proportion and function of NK cells. The percentage of cytotoxic CD27-CD11b+ NK cells was significantly increased, while the proportion of nourished CD27-CD11b- NK cells was significantly reduced in the decidua of GDM mice. Likewise, the same trend appeared in the peripheral blood NK cell subsets of GDM patients. What's more, after intrauterine reinfusion of NK cells to GDM mice, the fetal growth restriction was alleviated and the proportion of NK cells was restored. Our findings provide a theoretical and experimental basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haikun Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongli Hou
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Gan X, Ning F, Lash GE. Methods for Co-culture of Primary Human Extravillous Trophoblast Cells and Uterine Natural Killer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2728:183-194. [PMID: 38019402 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3495-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, fetal-derived extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) from the placenta invade the maternal decidua and inner third of the uterus where they establish fetal tolerance and remodel the uterine spiral arteries, which ensures establishment of a successful pregnancy. Aberrant EVT invasion and spiral artery remodeling is associated with a number of pregnancy complications including miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placenta accrete. During invasion of the maternal tissues, the EVT interact with a number of different cell types including the decidual leukocytes. EVT express HLA-C, HLA-G, HLA-E, and HLA-F and interact with uterine natural killer (uNK) cells through a series of different receptors. Epidemiological evidence suggests that different combinations of HLA-C and killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) haplotypes impact pregnancy success. Therefore, there is much interest in the functional consequence of interactions between EVT and uNK cells, and several different methodologies have been used to isolate these different cell types and their co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Gan
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pařízek A, Suchopár J, Laštůvka Z, Alblová M, Hill M, Dušková M. The Endocannabinoid System and Its Relationship to Human Reproduction. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S365-S380. [PMID: 38116770 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is among the most important regulators of human reproduction. It already applies at the level of the sperm and the egg, plays an important role in the fertilization of the egg, its implantation, regulates the function of the placenta and participates in childbirth. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge accumulated so far and to show that the endocannabinoid system must be perfectly regulated in order to maintain a physiological pregnancy from implantation to delivery. Only an exceptional interplay of enzymes such as NAPE-PDL or FAAH, endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 can ensure the proper functioning of the reproductive organs and thus lead to delivery on time. Changes in the endocannabinoid system can lead to a number of pathological conditions, e.g., during blastocyst implantation, retardation of embryo development, impaired placental function or miscarriage. Soon, we can expect not only an understanding of all the regulatory events associated with the endocannabinoid system and other regulatory systems that participate in reproduction, but also several possibilities for pharmacotherapeutic interventions that can modify the formation, degradation and effect of endocannabinoids. It cannot be ruled out that some components of the endocannabinoid system could become a marker for monitoring pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pařízek
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rossi G, Di Nisio V, Chiominto A, Cecconi S, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid System Components of the Female Mouse Reproductive Tract Are Modulated during Reproductive Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087542. [PMID: 37108704 PMCID: PMC10144466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has gained ground as a key modulator of several female fertility-related processes, under physiological/pathological conditions. Nevertheless, its modulation during reproductive aging remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the main receptors (cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1; cannabinoid receptor 2, CB2; G-protein coupled receptor, GPR55; and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel, TRPV1) and metabolic enzymes (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD; fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH; monoacylglycerol lipase, MAGL; and diacylglycerol lipase, DAGL-α and -β) of this system in the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri of mice at prepubertal, adult, late reproductive, and post-reproductive stages through quantitative ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The ELISA showed that among the receptors, TRPV1 had the highest expression and significantly increased during aging. Among the enzymes, NAPE-PLD, FAAH, and DAGL-β were the most expressed in these organs at all ages, and increased age-dependently. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, regardless of age, NAPE-PLD and FAAH were mainly found in the epithelial cells facing the lumen of the oviduct and uteri. Moreover, in ovaries, NAPE-PLD was predominant in the granulosa cells, while FAAH was sparse in the stromal compartment. Of note, the age-dependent increase in TRPV1 and DAGL-β could be indicative of increased inflammation, while that of NAPE-PLD and FAAH could suggest the need to tightly control the levels of the eCB anandamide at late reproductive age. These findings offer new insights into the role of the eCB system in female reproduction, with potential for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center of Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy
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Ali S, Majid S, Ali MN, Banday MZ, Taing S. Understanding the potential immunogenetic role of TNFα-308 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15166. [PMID: 37077690 PMCID: PMC10106509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent miscarriage (RM) represents the spontaneous termination of two or more successive pregnancies. TNFα is a proinflammatory cytokine that is often considered harmful for embryonic development when expressed beyond normal levels. Aim The study was conducted to assess the association between TNFα-308 polymorphism and RM pathogenesis. Methods Samples of blood were obtained from patients and controls through venipuncture. The levels of TNFα in serum were measured by ELISA. TNFα gene promoter-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism was investigated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques with precise primers and the restriction endonuclease, NcoI. Results Serum TNFα levels in patients were considerably high (p < 0.05) than controls. The genotype and allele frequencies for TNFα gene polymorphism differs significantly (p = 0.0089; p = 0.0043 respectively) between patients and controls. The TNFα-308 SNP exhibited a link with higher RM risk in heterozygous (GG vs. GA; OR: 3.086, 95% CI: 1.475-6.480; p: 0.0027), dominant (GG vs. GA + AA; OR: 2.919, 95% CI: 1.410-6.056, p: 0.0038), and allelic/codominant (G vs. A; OR: 2.449, 95% CI: 1.313-4.644, p: 0.0064) models. However, this SNP showed an insignificant association with higher and lower RM risk in homozygous (GG vs. AA; OR: 1.915, 95% CI: 0.3804-10.99, p: 0.6560) and recessive (AA vs. GA + GG; OR: 0.6596, 95% CI: 0.1152-3.297, p: >0.9999) models, respectively. Further, the TNFα-308G/A genotype frequencies were in concord with HWE both in the controls (χ2 = 3.235; p = 0.1985) and the patients (χ2 = 0.0117; p = 0.9942). Conclusion The serum TNFα levels were significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The genotyping analysis also demonstrated that TNFα-308G/A SNP significantly increases the overall risk of RM, suggesting that the SNP modulates the TNFα gene expression and thereby increases serum TNFα levels that adversely affect the pregnancy outcome.
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Emerging Roles of Endocannabinoids as Key Lipid Mediators for a Successful Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065220. [PMID: 36982295 PMCID: PMC10048990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Cannabis use/misuse for treating pregnancy-related symptoms and other chronic conditions has increased among pregnant women, favored by decriminalization and/or legalization of its recreational uses in addition to its easy accessibility. However, there is evidence that prenatal Cannabis exposure might have adverse consequences on pregnancy progression and a deleterious impact on proper neurodevelopmental trajectories in the offspring. Maternal Cannabis use could interfere with the complex and finely controlled role performed by the endocannabinoid system in reproductive physiology, impairing multiple gestational processes from blastocyst implantation to parturition, with long-lasting intergenerational effects. In this review, we discuss current clinical and preclinical evidence regarding the role of endocannabinoids in development, function, and immunity of the maternal–fetal interface, focusing on the impact of Cannabis constituents on each of these gestational processes. We also discuss the intrinsic limitations of the available studies and the future perspectives in this challenging research field.
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8
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Barbaro G, Inversetti A, Cristodoro M, Ticconi C, Scambia G, Di Simone N. HLA-G and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032557. [PMID: 36768880 PMCID: PMC9917226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentation is an immunological compromise where maternal immune system cells and trophoblastic cells interact to reach an equilibrium condition. Although the cross talk between the two systems is complex and not completely understood, Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G), expressed on trophoblastic cell surfaces, seems to be one of the main molecules involved in the modulation of both local and systemic maternal immune response. The prevalence of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), probably underestimated, is 5% of all women who achieve pregnancy, and about 40-60% percent of RPL cases are unexplained. There is an immunological analogy between allograft rejection and miscarriage, and the purpose of this review is to describe how the HLA-G pathway alterations are involved in disrupting the immunologic balance and in increasing the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Barbaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Inversetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Martina Cristodoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ticconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Università di Torvergata, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
- U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Woon EV, Nikolaou D, MacLaran K, Norman-Taylor J, Bhagwat P, Cuff AO, Johnson MR, Male V. Uterine NK cells underexpress KIR2DL1/S1 and LILRB1 in reproductive failure. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1108163. [PMID: 36713400 PMCID: PMC9880428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of recurrent miscarriage, recurrent implantation failure and infertility are unexplained, and these conditions have been proposed to have an etiology of immunological dysfunction at the maternal-fetal interface. Uterine Natural Killer cells (uNK) comprise three subsets and are the most numerous immune cells found in the uterine mucosa at the time of implantation. They are thought to play an important role in successful pregnancy by regulation of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion and spiral artery remodelling. Here, we examine the frequency, phenotype and function of uNK1-3 from the uterine mucosa of 16 women with unexplained reproductive failure compared to 11 controls with no reproductive problems, during the window of implantation. We report that KIR2DL1/S1 and LILRB1 expression is lower in the reproductive failure group for both uNK (total uNK, uNK 2 and 3) and pNK. We also show that degranulation activity is significantly reduced in total uNK, and that TNF-α production is lower in all uNK subsets in the reproductive failure group. Taken together, our findings suggest that reproductive failure is associated with global reduction in expression of uNK receptors important for interaction with HLA-C and HLA-G on EVT during early pregnancy, leading to reduced uNK activation. This is the first study to examine uNK subsets during the window of implantation in women with reproductive failure and will serve as a platform to focus on particular aspects of phenotype and function of uNK subsets in future studies. Further understanding of uNK dysregulation is important to establish potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the population of women with unexplained reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Von Woon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Developmental Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,The Fertility Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ee Von Woon,
| | - Dimitrios Nikolaou
- The Fertility Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate MacLaran
- The Fertility Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Priya Bhagwat
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia O. Cuff
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Developmental Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Developmental Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Developmental Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Cáceres D, Ochoa M, González-Ortiz M, Bravo K, Eugenín J. Effects of Prenatal Cannabinoids Exposure upon Placenta and Development of Respiratory Neural Circuits. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:199-232. [PMID: 37466775 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use has risen dangerously during pregnancy in the face of incipient therapeutic use and a growing perception of safety. The main psychoactive compound of the Cannabis sativa plant is the phytocannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A-9 THC), and its status as a teratogen is controversial. THC and its endogenous analogues, anandamide (AEA) and 2-AG, exert their actions through specific receptors (eCBr) that activate intracellular signaling pathways. CB1r and CB2r, also called classic cannabinoid receptors, together with their endogenous ligands and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade them, constitute the endocannabinoid system. This system is distributed ubiquitously in various central and peripheral tissues. Although the endocannabinoid system's most studied role is controlling the release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, the study of long-term exposure to cannabinoids on fetal development is not well known and is vital for understanding environmental or pathological embryo-fetal or postnatal conditions. Prenatal exposure to cannabinoids in animal models has induced changes in placental and embryo-fetal organs. Particularly, cannabinoids could influence both neural and nonneural tissues and induce embryo-fetal pathological conditions in critical processes such as neural respiratory control. This review aims at the acute and chronic effects of prenatal exposure to cannabinoids on placental function and the embryo-fetal neurodevelopment of the respiratory pattern. The information provided here will serve as a theoretical framework to critically evaluate the teratogen effects of the consumption of cannabis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karina Bravo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Fonseca BM, Pinto B, Costa L, Felgueira E, Rebelo I. Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in granulosa cells and follicular fluid interleukin(IL)-1beta and IL-18 levels in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles in women with endometriosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:191-199. [PMID: 36469254 PMCID: PMC9840724 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes are a family of recently described multi-protein cytoplasmic sensors that orchestrate the inflammatory response and participate in a variety of inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that the activation of pyrin domain‑containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by granulosa cells (hGCs) may be activated in women with endometriosis and influence oocyte maturation and IVF outcomes. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome status in follicular fluid (FF) and in hGCs from 44 women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI. Study subjects were divided into two groups according to the infertility etiology: group with tubal or male factor (control, n = 22) vs. group with endometriosis (n = 22). The FF IL-1beta and IL-18 levels in the endometriosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-endometriosis group, i.e., 5010 pg/mL and 2738 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between clinical pregnancy and live birth rate and analyzed inflammasome component levels (p > 0.05). In addition, the hGCs from endometriosis women demonstrated high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome at both protein and mRNA levels. Higher expression of inflammasome components within the ovary compartment may result from the exaggerated inflammatory state associated with endometriosis and thus impact the fertility of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Pinto
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Costa
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução Dra. Ingeborg Chaves, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Felgueira
- Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução Dra. Ingeborg Chaves, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Fonseca BM, Cruz R, Pinto B, Costa L, Felgueira E, Oliveira P, Casal S, Rebelo I. Retinoic acid ( all-trans) presents antioxidant properties within human ovary and reduces progesterone production by human granulosa cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 69:129-141. [PMID: 36409621 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both vitamin A and E support female reproduction and embryonic development. These vitamins have been associated with decreased fertility or failure to end the pregnancy in animals. An observational study was conducted on follicular fluid (FF) samples to determine the concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins of women undergoing in vitro fertilization and its correlation with assisted reproductive technology characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) and alpha-tocopherol on granulosa cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy and hormonal production were evaluated. No association was identified between fat-soluble vitamin concentrations in FF and infertility aetiology, body mass index or woman's age. There were differences in follicular antioxidant profiles and ovarian response stimulation. In vitro evaluation of atRA and alpha-tocopherol reveals that, at physiological concentrations, both compounds may affect the viability of granulosa cells. In addition, these compounds are able to protect granulosa cells from oxidative stress, as well as to affect estradiol and progesterone production. Our data suggest that atRA and alpha-tocopherol levels should be well controlled as they may have implications in the function and viability of granulosa cells and highlights retinol as a marker of the oxidative defenses within ovary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Pinto
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução Dra. Ingeborg Chaves, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Felgueira
- Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução Dra. Ingeborg Chaves, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- EPIUnit – Departamento de Estudo de Populações, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Xie M, Li Y, Meng YZ, Xu P, Yang YG, Dong S, He J, Hu Z. Uterine Natural Killer Cells: A Rising Star in Human Pregnancy Regulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918550. [PMID: 35720413 PMCID: PMC9198966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are an immune subset located in the uterus. uNK cells have distinct tissue-specific characteristics compared to their counterparts in peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Based on their location and the pregnancy status of the host, uNK cells are classified as endometrial NK (eNK) cells or decidua NK (dNK) cells. uNK cells are important in protecting the host from pathogen invasion and contribute to a series of physiological processes that affect successful pregnancy, including uterine spiral artery remodeling, fetal development, and immunity tolerance. Abnormal alterations in uNK cell numbers and/or impaired function may cause pregnancy complications, such as recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, or even infertility. In this review, we introduce recent advances in human uNK cell research under normal physiological or pathological conditions, and summarize their unique influences on the process of pregnancy complications or uterine diseases. Finally, we propose the potential clinical use of uNK cells as a novel cellular immunotherapeutic approach for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Zi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex biological process. The establishment and maintenance of foetal-maternal interface are pivotal events. Decidual immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play indispensable roles in the foetal-maternal interface. The disfunction of decidual immune cells leads to adverse pregnancy outcome. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a common inflammatory cytokine, has critical roles in different stages of normal pregnancy process. However, the relationship between the disorder of TNF-α and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), spontaneous abortion (SA), preterm birth and so on, is still indefinite. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the effect of TNF-α disorder on pathological conditions. Moreover, we summarized the reports about the adverse pregnancy outcomes (PE, IUGR, SA and preterm birth) of using anti-TNF-α drugs (infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab) currently in the clinical studies. Overall, IUGR, SA and preterm birth are the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes of anti-TNF-α drugs. Our review may provide insight for the immunological treatment of pregnancy-related complication, and help practitioners make informed decisions based on the current evidences.
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15
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Maia J, Fonseca BM, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol modulate the expression of angiogenic factors on HTR8/SVneo placental cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 180:102440. [PMID: 35490598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human reproduction has grown due to its involvement in placenta development, which led to growing concerns over pregnant cannabis consumer's impact on pregnancy outcome. The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) modulate placental trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis. However, their role on other placentation events such as angiogenesis and invasion are unknown. Using the human extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells, a well-accepted model of first trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVT), this study aims to investigate whether AEA and 2-AG can modulate the expression of angiogenesis- and invasion-related factors. Transcript analysis of angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein family demonstrated the ability of AEA to increase VEGF-C and VEGFR3 expression via cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 while the placental growth factor (PlGF) was increased through CB1. Moreover, an increase in VEGFR1, sFLT1, VEGFR2, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 independent of cannabinoid receptor activation was verified. However, 2-AG only increased PlGF transcript through CB1/CB2 activation. Both endocannabinoids stimulated HTR8/SVneo endothelial-like tube formation. As for the wound healing assay, only 2-AG was able to increase the percentage of wound closure. Moreover, the data demonstrated that both AEA and 2-AG, via cannabinoid receptors, activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. Distinct effects were observed on transcription factor HIF-1α and AKT phosphorylation that decreased with both endocannabinoids. Although different angiogenic and migration factors are affected the results obtained in this work showcase once more the ability of the endocannabinoids to modulate key processes in placental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maia
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - B M Fonseca
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - N Teixeira
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - G Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal.
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16
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Yan S, Dong J, Qian C, Chen S, Xu Q, Lei H, Wang X. The mTORC1 Signaling Support Cellular Metabolism to Dictate Decidual NK Cells Function in Early Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:771732. [PMID: 35359988 PMCID: PMC8960317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.771732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays an important role in regulating both human and murine NK cell functions. However, it remains unclear whether cellular metabolic process impacts on the function of decidual NK cells (dNK), essential tissue-resident immune cells maintaining the homeostasis of maternal-fetal interface. Remarkably, we found that glycolysis blockage enhances dNK VEGF-A production but restrains its proliferation. Furthermore, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by dNK get decreased when glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is inhibited. Additionally, glycolysis, OXPHOS, and fatty acid oxidation disruption has little effects on the secretion and the CD107a-dependent degranulation of dNK. Mechanistically, we discovered that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling inhibition leads to decreased glycolysis and OXPHOS in dNK. These limited metabolic processes are associated with attenuated dNK functions, which include restricted production of cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α, diminished CD107a-dependent degranulation, and restrained dNK proliferation. Finally, we reported that the protein levels of several glycolysis-associated enzymes are altered and the mTORC1 activity is significantly lower in the decidua of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared with normal pregnancy, which might give new insights about the pathogenesis of RPL. Collectively, our data demonstrate that glucose metabolism and mTORC1 signaling support dNK functions in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Zhang X, Wei H. Role of Decidual Natural Killer Cells in Human Pregnancy and Related Pregnancy Complications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728291. [PMID: 34512661 PMCID: PMC8426434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique type of immunological process. Healthy pregnancy is associated with a series of inflammatory events: implantation (inflammation), gestation (anti-inflammation), and parturition (inflammation). As the most abundant leukocytes during pregnancy, natural killer (NK) cells are recruited and activated by ovarian hormones and have pivotal roles throughout pregnancy. During the first trimester, NK cells represent up to 50–70% of decidua lymphocytes. Differently from peripheral-blood NK cells, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are poorly cytolytic, and they release cytokines/chemokines that induce trophoblast invasion, tissue remodeling, embryonic development, and placentation. NK cells can also shift to a cytotoxic identity and carry out immune defense if infected in utero by pathogens. At late gestation, premature activation of NK cells can lead to a breakdown of tolerance of the maternal–fetal interface and, subsequently, can result in preterm birth. This review is focused on the role of dNK cells in normal pregnancy and pathological pregnancy, including preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, endometriosis, and recurrent implantation failure. dNK cells could be targets for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Molecular Medicine, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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18
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Gurm H, Hirota JA, Raha S. Cannabinoid Signalling in Immune-Reproductive Crosstalk during Human Pregnancy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:267. [PMID: 33800053 PMCID: PMC8000565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the intricate involvement of the endocannabinoid system in various physiological processes, it remains one of the most under-studied biological systems of the human body. The scope of endocannabinoid signalling is widespread, ranging from modulation of immune responses in innate and adaptive immunity to gestational processes in female physiology. Cannabinoid receptors are ubiquitously distributed in reproductive tissues and are thought to play a role in regulating the immune-reproductive interactions required for successful pregnancy, specifically among uterine natural killer cells and placental extravillous trophoblasts. The use of cannabis during pregnancy, however, can perturb endocannabinoid homeostasis through effects mediated by its major constituents, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Decidualization of the endometrium, invasion, and angiogenesis may be impaired as a consequence, leading to clinical complications such as miscarriage and preeclampsia. In this review, the crosstalk between endocannabinoid signalling in uterine natural killer cells and placental extravillous trophoblasts will be examined in healthy and complicated pregnancies. This lays a foundation for discussing the potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system for therapeutic benefit, particularly with regard to the emerging field of synthetic cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Gurm
- Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
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19
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Yang SL, Tan HX, Niu TT, Li DJ, Wang HY, Li MQ. Kynurenine promotes the cytotoxicity of NK cells through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in early pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 143:103270. [PMID: 33421663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, decidual NK (dNK) cells play indispensable roles in many processes including the decidualization, the implantation, and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Abnormal cytotoxic activity of NK cells can cause recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), while the regulatory mechanism of NK cytotoxicity remains to be unclear. In this study, we found that kynurenine in decidua and villus was in a comparable level between patients with RSA and normal pregnancy women. However, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in decidual NK cells was significantly increased in RSA. Compared with AhR- NK cells, cytotoxic activity-related molecules (NKP30, NKP46, NKG2D, perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ) was highly expressed in both AhR+ peripheral and decidual NK cells, and kynurenine stimulation promoted the expression of killer receptors and the cytoplasmic granules in an AhR-dependent manner. Stimulation with TNF-α, IL-β and LPS upregulated the AhR expression in dNK cells in vitro. These results indicate that kyn/AhR signal enhances the cytotoxicity of NK cells, and increased expression of AhR may be an induction factor of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Yang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangye People's Hospital of HeXi College, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Niu
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Fonseca BM, Moreira-Pinto B, Costa L, Felgueira E, Oliveira P, Rebelo I. Concentrations of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine in the follicular fluid of women with endometriosis: the role of M1 polarised macrophages. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:270-278. [DOI: 10.1071/rd20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA; also known as anandamide) is present in human follicular fluid (FF), its regulation remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate the relationships between FF AEA concentrations in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology and their age, body mass index, ART characteristics and fertility treatment outcomes; and (2) assess how different inflammatory patterns may trigger AEA production by human granulosa cells (hGCs). FF AEA concentrations were higher in women undergoing IVF than in those undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection group. FF AEA median concentrations were lower in women undergoing ART because of male factor infertility than in women with endometriosis (1.6 vs 2.5nM respectively), but not women with tubal, hormonal or unexplained infertility (1.6, 2.4 and 1.9nM respectively). To evaluate the effects of macrophages on AEA production by hGCs, hGCs were cocultured with monocyte-derived macrophages. The conditioned medium from M1 polarised macrophages increased AEA production by hGCs. This was accompanied by an increase in AEA-metabolising enzymes, particularly N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D. The results of the present study show that high FF AEA concentrations in patients with endometriosis may be associated with the recruitment of inflammatory chemokines within the ovary, which together may contribute to the decreased reproductive potential of women with endometriosis. Collectively, these findings add a new player to the hormone and cytokine networks that regulate fertility in women.
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21
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Taylor AH, Tortolani D, Ayakannu T, Konje JC, Maccarrone M. (Endo)Cannabinoids and Gynaecological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010037. [PMID: 33375539 PMCID: PMC7795647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers of the female reproductive system are common and are responsible for a large number of deaths in women. The exact reasons why some of these cancers occur are unknown. It is, however, known that for most of these cancers, several factors interact for them to happen. These interactions involve factors external and internal to the woman. An understanding of some of the internal factors involved in how these cancers arise will not only help drive preventive strategies, but will speed the development of new treatment approaches. The endocannabinoid system is a family including chemicals (known as endocannabinoids) produced in the body that are similar to those derived from the cannabis plant. This system, which is widely distributed in the body, has been shown to be involved in various functions. Its disruption has been shown to lead to various diseases, one of which is cancer. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of this system, its various constituents, and how they are involved in reproductive events and their pathologies, especially cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the endocannabinoid system in these cancers and how targeting it could lead to new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the female reproductive system. Abstract Gynaecological cancers can be primary neoplasms, originating either from the reproductive tract or the products of conception, or secondary neoplasms, representative of metastatic disease. For some of these cancers, the exact causes are unknown; however, it is recognised that the precise aetiopathogeneses for most are multifactorial and include exogenous (such as diet) and endogenous factors (such as genetic predisposition), which mutually interact in a complex manner. One factor that has been recognised to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gynaecological cancers is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS consists of endocannabinoids (bioactive lipids), their receptors, and metabolic enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. In this review, the impact of plant-derived (Cannabis species) cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on gynaecological cancers will be discussed within the context of the complexity of the proteins that bind, transport, and metabolise these compounds in reproductive and other tissues. In particular, the potential of endocannabinoids, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes as biomarkers of specific cancers, such as those of the endometrium, will be addressed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of targeting selected elements of the ECS as new action points for the development of innovative drugs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
| | - Justin C. Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.K.); (M.M.); Tel.: +97-0470-494048 (J.C.K.); +39-0862-433547 (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.C.K.); (M.M.); Tel.: +97-0470-494048 (J.C.K.); +39-0862-433547 (M.M.)
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Maia J, Fonseca BM, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. The fundamental role of the endocannabinoid system in endometrium and placenta: implications in pathophysiological aspects of uterine and pregnancy disorders. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:586-602. [PMID: 32347309 PMCID: PMC7317288 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, the main endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and their metabolic enzymes N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, fatty acid amide hydrolase, diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase. This system is involved in the modulation of essential physiological processes. Its role in the reproductive system has become significantly important in recent years, given its major role in events such as gametogenesis, decidualisation, implantation and placentation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this paper, we review the literature and summarize the role of the ECS elements in reproduction and their potential as early markers for diagnosis of reproductive disorders or as pharmacological targets for treatment. SEARCH METHODS Original research and review papers published from 1964 to June 2019 were selected in terms of relevance, reliability and quality by searching PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science, using the following search terms: endocannabinoid system and endometriosis; endocannabinoid system and ectopic pregnancy; endocannabinoid system and miscarriage; endocannabinoid system and pre-eclampsia; endocannabinoid system and endometrial cancer; endocannabinoid system and reproduction; endocannabinoid, endometrium; placenta; N-acylethanolamines; anandamide; 2-arachidonoylglycerol; and cannabinoids. OUTCOMES This review demonstrates relevant information concerning ECS alterations in endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and endometrial cancer. We highlight the importance of the endocannabinoids in endometrial and placental physiology and pathophysiology, from studies in vitro and in vivo and in clinical observations. The most studied of the endogenous cannabinoids is AEA. The levels of AEA were increased in plasma of patients with endometriosis and miscarriage, as well as in the fallopian tube of women with ectopic pregnancy and in endometrial biopsies of endometrial cancer. Changes in the pattern of expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 were also observed in endometrial biopsies of endometriosis, fallopian tube and decidua of patients with ectopic pregnancy and pre-eclamptic placenta. Moreover, alterations in CB2 expression have been reported in association with endometrial cancer. In general, studies on the cannabinoid signalling through CB2 and on the biological activities of the other major endocannabinoid, namely 2-AG, as well as its metabolic enzymes are scarce and avidly required. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the described endometrial and placental pathologies are still unclear and lack the means for an early diagnosis. Based on current evidence, though alterations in ECS are demonstrated at tissue level, it is difficult to associate plasmatic changes in AEA with specific endometrial and placental diseases. Thus, pairing alterations in AEA levels with 2-AG and/or other endocannabinoid-like molecules may provide more accurate and early diagnoses. In addition, patients may benefit from new therapies that target the ECS and endocannabinoid signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - BM Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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