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Timpka T, Janson S, Jacobsson J, Dahlström Ö, Spreco A, Kowalski J, Bargoria V, Mountjoy M, Svedin CG. Lifetime history of sexual and physical abuse among competitive athletics (track and field) athletes: cross sectional study of associations with sports and non-sports injury. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1412-1417. [PMID: 30190298 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between lifetime sexual and physical abuse, and the likelihood of injury within and outside sport in athletes involved in competitive athletics. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed among the top 10 Swedish athletics athletes using 1 year prevalence of sports and non-sports injuries as the primary outcome measure. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime abuse history and training load were investigated. Data were analysed using simple and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS 11% of 197 participating athletes reported lifetime sexual abuse; there was a higher proportion of women (16.2%) than men (4.3%) (P=0.005). 18% reported lifetime physical abuse; there was a higher proportion of men (22.8%) than women (14.3%) (P=0.050). For women, lifetime sexual abuse was associated with an increased likelihood of a non-sports injury (OR 8.78, CI 2.76 to 27.93; P<0.001). Among men, increased likelihood of a non-sports injury was associated with more frequent use of alcoholic beverages (OR 6.47, CI 1.49 to 28.07; P=0.013), while commencing athletics training at >13 years of age was associated with a lower likelihood of non-sports injury (OR 0.09, CI 0.01 to 0.81; P=0.032). Lifetime physical abuse was associated with a higher likelihood of sports injury in women (OR 12.37, CI 1.52 to 100.37; P=0.019). Among men, athletes with each parents with ≤12 years formal education had a lower likelihood of sustaining an injury during their sports practice (OR 0.37, CI 0.14 to 0.96; P=0.040). CONCLUSIONS Lifetime sexual and physical abuse were associated with an increased likelihood of injury among female athletes. Emotional factors should be included in the comprehension of injuries sustained by athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Janson
- Department of Women ́s and Children ́s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Kowalski
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Victor Bargoria
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,International Olympic Committee Medical Commission, Games Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Barnafrid, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Kim HJ, Hwang SM, Lee IY, Cho JP, Kwon MO, Jung JH, Byun JY. Implementation and results of a survey on safe community programs in Gangbuk-gu, Korea: focusing on participants at a local public health center. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:47-56. [PMID: 24570806 PMCID: PMC3930807 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of and problems with the Safe Community Programs in Gangbuk-gu, one of the 25 districts of the capital city of Korea. METHODS The study subjects were 396 individuals who were involved in Safe Community Programs between 2009 and 2011. We examined the effectiveness and willingness of respondents to participate as a safety leader of the Safe Community Program with a questionnaire. We examined the injury death rates of Gangbuk-gu by using of the death certificate data of Korea's National Statistical Office. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used. RESULTS The effectiveness of programs did not differ but active participation differed significantly among subjects (p<0.05). The injury death rate of Gangbuk-gu as a whole increased during the implementation period. However, senior safety, in particular, may be a helpful program for reducing injuries in Gangbuk-gu. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the lack of active participation may be a major problem of Safe Community Programs in Gangbuk-gu. Therefore, Safe Community Programs should be expanded to the entire district of Gangbuk-gu and more active participation programs should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Min Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Health Promotion Team, Gangbuk Health Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Young Lee
- Department of Health Promotion Team, Gangbuk Health Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Pil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myoung-Ok Kwon
- Health Policy and Hospital Management Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Byun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lindqvist K, Dalal K. The impact of child safety promotion on different social strata in a WHO Safe Community. J Inj Violence Res 2011; 4:20-5. [PMID: 21502791 PMCID: PMC3291282 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v4i1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate outcomes of a program to prevent severe and less severe unintentional child injuries among the different social strata under WHO Safe Community program. Specifically, the aim was to study effectiveness of Safe Community program for reducing child injury. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used, with pre- and post-implementation registrations covering the children (0 -15 years) in the program implementation area (population 41,000) and in a neighboring control municipality (population 26,000) in Östergötland County, Sweden. Results: Boys from not vocationally active households displayed the highest pre-intervention injury rate in both the control and intervention areas. Also in households in which the vocationally significant member was employed, boys showed higher injury rates than girls. Households in which the vocationally significant member was self-employed, girls exhibited higher injury rates than boys in the intervention area. After 6 years of program activity, the injury rates for boys and girls in employed category and injury rates for girls in self-employed category displayed a decreasing trend in the intervention area. However, in the control area injury rate decreased only for boys of employed families. Conclusions: The study indicated that almost no changes in injury rates in the control area suggested that the reduction of child injuries in the intervention area between 1983 and 1989 was likely to be attributable to the safety promotion program. Therefore, the current study indicates that Safe Community program seems to be successful for reducing child injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Lindqvist
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
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Chan EYY, Kim JH, Griffiths SM, Lau JTF, Yu I. Does living density matter for nonfatal unintentional home injury in Asian urban settings? Evidence from Hong Kong. J Urban Health 2009; 86:872-86. [PMID: 19636708 PMCID: PMC2791815 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-009-9389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Injury is a major global disease burden for the twenty-first century. There are, however, few studies of unintentional household injury in Asian urban settings where living environments are characterized by extremely compact, high-living-density, multistory apartments. This study investigated the association between nonfatal unintentional household injuries with the resident's sociodemographic attributes and household characteristics in Hong Kong, the city with the world's highest population density. A cross-sectional retrospective recall study was conducted in May 2007 using a random telephone survey with a modified Chinese version of the World Health Organization Injury and Violence instrument. The study sample included 1,001 noninstitutionalized Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents of all ages, including foreign live-in domestic helpers. Multivariate regression was conducted to identify risk factors for nonfatal unintentional injuries in Hong Kong. Among a predominantly adult sample, household size and time spent at home were not associated with nonfatal unintentional household injuries in the general population in Hong Kong. The multivariate analyses indicated that female gender, owners of private homes, lower square footage of living space per person, and those with slip prevention devices in the bathroom were significantly associated with household injuries. Injured and noninjured groups were found to have adopted different injury prevention strategies toward household injuries. The results identified potential target groups for household injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Y Chan
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Spinks A, Turner C, Nixon J, McClure RJ. The 'WHO Safe Communities' model for the prevention of injury in whole populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2009:CD004445. [PMID: 19588359 PMCID: PMC7197137 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004445.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) 'safe communities' approach to injury prevention has been embraced around the world as a model for co-ordinating community efforts to enhance safety and reduce injury. Approximately 150 communities throughout the world have formal 'Safe Communities' designation. It is of public health interest to determine to what degree the model is successful, and whether it reduces injury rates. This Cochrane Review is an update of a previous published version. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of the WHO Safe Communities model to prevent injury in whole populations. SEARCH STRATEGY Our search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and ZETOC. We handsearched selected journals and contacted key people from each WHO Safe Community. The last search was December 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion. Included studies were those conducted within a WHO Safe Community that reported changes in population injury rates within the community compared to a control community. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. MAIN RESULTS We included evaluations for 21 communities from five countries in two geographical regions in the world: Austria, Sweden and Norway, and Australia and New Zealand. Although positive results were reported for some communities, there was no consistent relationship between being a WHO designated Safe Community and subsequent changes in observed injury rates. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is marked inconsistency in the results of the studies included in this systematic review. While the frequency of injury in some study communities did reduce following their designation as a WHO Safe Community, there remains insufficient evidence from which to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the model.The lack of consistency in results may be due to the heterogeneity of the approaches to implementing the model, varying efficacy of activities and strategies, varying intensity of implementation and methodological limitations in evaluations. While all communities included in the review fulfilled the WHO Safe Community criteria, these criteria were too general to prescribe a standardised programme of activity or evaluation methodology.Adequate documentation describing how various Safe Communities implemented the model was limited, making it unclear which factors affected success. Where a reduction in injury rates was not reported, lack of information makes it difficult to distinguish whether this was due to problems with the model or with the way in which it was implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Spinks
- Griffith UniversitySchool of MedicineUniversity DriveMeadowbrookQueenslandAustralia4031
| | - Cathy Turner
- University of QueenslandSchool of NursingHerston RoadHerstonQueenslandAustralia4006
| | - Jim Nixon
- University of QueenslandDepartment of Pediatrics and Child HealthRoyal Children's HospitalHerstonHerstonQueenslandAustralia4029
| | - Roderick J McClure
- Monash UniversityAccident Research CentreBuilding 70VictoriaVictoriaAustralia3800
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