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Laird AE, Le AA, Kulbe JR, Umlauf A, Sagarian M, Spencer M, Sathe A, Grelotti DJ, Iudicello J, Henry B, Ellis RJ, Fields JA. Sera from people with HIV and depression induce commensurate metabolic alterations in astrocytes: toward precision diagnoses and therapies. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2024; 3:113-128. [PMID: 39175522 PMCID: PMC11338010 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Objectives People with HIV (PWH) have high rates of depression and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mounting evidence suggests that immunometabolic disruptions may contribute to these conditions in some PWH. We hypothesized that metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes is associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function in PWH. Methods Human astrocytes were exposed to sera from PWH (n=40) with varying degrees of depressive symptomatology and cognitive function. MitoTrackerTM Deep Red FM (MT) was used to visualize mitochondrial activity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an indicator of astrocyte reactivity using the high-throughput fluorescent microscopy and image analyses platform, CellInsight CX5 (CX5). The Seahorse platform was used to assess glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. Results More severe depression, as indexed by higher Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores, was associated with lower MT signal measures. Better cognitive function, as assessed by neuropsychiatric testing t-scores, was associated with increased MT signal measures. GFAP intensity negatively correlated with several cognitive t-scores. Age positively correlated with (higher) MT signal measures and GFAP intensity. Worse depressive symptoms (higher BDI-II scores) were associated with decreased oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity, concomitant with increased extracellular acidification rate in astrocytes. Conclusions These findings show that factors in the sera of PWH alter mitochondrial activity in cultured human astrocytes, suggesting that mechanisms that alter mitochondrial and astrocyte homeostasis can be detected peripherally. Thus, in vitro cultures may provide a model to identify neuropathogenic mechanisms of depression or neurocognitive impairment in PWH and test personalized therapeutics for neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Anh Le
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Anya Umlauf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melody Sagarian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anish Sathe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David J. Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Brook Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Grewal S, McKinlay S, Kapczinski F, Pfaffenseller B, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B. Biomarkers of neuroprogression and late staging in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:328-343. [PMID: 35403455 PMCID: PMC9950598 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder may undertake a progressive course in a subset of patients, and research efforts have been made to understand the biological basis underlying this process. This systematic review examined the literature available on biological markers associated with illness progression in bipolar disorder. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles were assessed using Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed, as well as from external sources. After initial screening, a total of 871 citations from databases and other sources were identified. Participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were included in our systematic review; however, studies with participants younger than 15 or older than 65 were excluded. All studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment tool, and data pertaining to the results were extracted into tabular form using Google Sheets and Google Documents. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID Number: CRD42020154305). RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in the systematic review. Increased ventricular size and reduction of grey matter volume were the most common brain changes associated with illness progression in bipolar disorder. Among the several biomarkers evaluated in this systematic review, findings also indicate a role of peripheral inflammatory markers in this process. DISCUSSION The studies evaluating the biological basis of the illness progression in bipolar disorder are still scarce and heterogeneous. However, current evidence supports the notion of neuroprogression, the pathophysiological process related to progressive brain changes associated with clinical progression in patients with bipolar disorder. The increase in peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and the neuroanatomical changes in bipolar disorder suggest progressive systemic and structural brain alterations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Grewal
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart McKinlay
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e
Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Keshavarzi A, Eftekharian MM, Komaki A, Omrani MD, Kholghi Oskooei V, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Sexual dimorphism in up-regulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling genes in patients with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:402. [PMID: 31842857 PMCID: PMC6915962 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins encoded by Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes have critical roles in the regulation of immune responses. Meanwhile, several lines of evidence support the presence of immune dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. METHODS In the present study, we assessed expression levels of SOCS1-3 and SOCS5 genes in peripheral blood of patients with BD and healthy subjects. RESULTS All SOCS genes were up-regulated in patients compared with healthy subjects. However, when comparing patients with sex-matched controls, the significant differences were observed only in the male subjects except for SOCS5 which was up-regulated in both male and female patients compared with the corresponding control subjects. Significant pairwise correlations were found between expression levels of genes in both patients and controls. Based on the area under curve values, SOCS5 had the best performance in the differentiation of disease status in study participants (AUC = 0.92). Combination of four genes increased the specificity of tests and resulted in diagnostic power of 0.93. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest a role for SOCS genes in the pathogenesis of BD especially in the male subjects. Moreover, peripheral expression levels of SOCS genes might be used as a subsection of a panel of diagnostic biomarkers in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Keshavarzi
- Research Center of behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Kholghi Oskooei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pinto JV, Passos IC, Librenza-Garcia D, Marcon G, Schneider MA, Conte JH, Abreu da Silva JP, Lima LP, Quincozes-Santos A, Kauer-Sant’Anna M, Kapczinski F. Neuron-glia Interaction as a Possible Pathophysiological Mechanism of Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:519-532. [PMID: 28847296 PMCID: PMC5997869 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170828170921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the importance of glial cells in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Activated microglia and inflammatory cytokines have been pointed out as potential biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Indeed, recent studies have shown that bipolar disorder involves microglial activation in the hippocampus and alterations in peripheral cytokines, suggesting a potential link between neuroinflammation and peripheral toxicity. These abnormalities may also be the biological underpinnings of outcomes related to neuroprogression, such as cognitive impairment and brain changes. Additionally, astrocytes may have a role in the progression of bipolar disorder, as these cells amplify inflammatory response and maintain glutamate homeostasis, preventing excitotoxicity. The present review aims to discuss neuron-glia interactions and their role in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton-ON, Canada; Tel: +55 512 101 8845; E-mails: ,
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Kapczinski NS, Mwangi B, Cassidy RM, Librenza-Garcia D, Bermudez MB, Kauer-Sant’anna M, Kapczinski F, Passos IC. Neuroprogression and illness trajectories in bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:277-285. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1240615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diego Librenza-Garcia
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bagatin Bermudez
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant’anna
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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