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López Y, Muñoz L, Gargallo-Viola D, Cantón R, Vila J, Zsolt I. Uptake of Ozenoxacin and Other Quinolones in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13363. [PMID: 34948159 PMCID: PMC8708121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The big problem of antimicrobial resistance is that it requires great efforts in the design of improved drugs which can quickly reach their target of action. Studies of antibiotic uptake and interaction with their target it is a key factor in this important challenge. We investigated the accumulation of ozenoxacin (OZN), moxifloxacin (MOX), levofloxacin (LVX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) into the bacterial cells of 5 species, including Staphylococcus aureus (SA4-149), Staphylococcus epidermidis (SEP7602), Streptococcus pyogenes (SPY165), Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG146), and Enterococcus faecium (EF897) previously characterized.The concentration of quinolone uptake was estimated by agar disc-diffusion bioassay. Furthermore, we determined the inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC50) of OZN, MOX, LVX, and CIP against type II topoisomerases from S. aureus.The accumulation of OZN inside the bacterial cell was superior in comparison to MOX, LVX, and CIP in all tested species. The accumulation of OZN inside the bacterial cell was superior in comparison to MOX, LVX, and CIP in all tested species. The rapid penetration of OZN into the cell was reflected during the first minute of exposure with antibiotic values between 190 and 447 ng/mg (dry weight) of bacteria in all strains. Moreover, OZN showed the greatest inhibitory activity among the quinolones tested for both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV isolated from S. aureus with IC50 values of 10 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. OZN intracellular concentration was significantly higher than that of MOX, LVX and CIP. All of these features may explain the higher in vitro activity of OZN compared to the other tested quinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuly López
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laura Muñoz
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Rafael Cantón
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Principi N, Argentiero A, Neglia C, Gramegna A, Esposito S. New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Pediatrics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110333. [PMID: 33113966 PMCID: PMC7690713 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (aSSTIs) are a large group of diseases that can involve exclusively the skin or also the underlying subcutaneous tissues, fascia, or muscles. Despite differences in the localization and severity, all these diseases are due mainly to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. aSSTI incidence increased considerably in the early years of this century due to the emergence and diffusion of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). Despite the availability of antibiotics effective against CA-MRSA, problems of resistance to these drugs and risks of significant adverse events have emerged. In this paper, the present knowledge on the potential role new antibiotics for the treatment of pediatric aSSTIs is discussed. The most recent molecules that have been licensed for the treatment of aSSTIs include ozenoxacin (OZ), ceftaroline fosamil (CF), dalbavancin (DA), oritavancin (OR), tedizolid (TD), delafloxacin (DL), and omadacycline (OM). However, only OZ and CF have been licensed for use in children with aSSTIs, although the superiority of these antibiotics to those routinely used for the treatment of aSSTIs should be further demonstrated. Waiting for additional studies, OZ and CF should be prescribed for aSSTI treatment in the presence of the potential failure of old molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.A.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-052-190-3524
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Tabara K, Tamura R, Nakamura A, Mori S, Kitano T, Fujikawa K, Fujikawa M, Okamoto K, Kanayama S, Uratsuji H, Ikeda F, Matsumoto T. Anti-inflammatory effects of ozenoxacin, a topical quinolone antimicrobial agent. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:247-254. [PMID: 31974519 PMCID: PMC7056637 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ozenoxacin is a topical quinolone showing potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory acne. However, the anti-inflammatory activities of ozenoxacin have not been examined so far. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of ozenoxacin. The production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated by heat-killed Cutibacterium acnes was significantly inhibited by ozenoxacin at concentrations from 1 to 30 μg ml−1. Likewise, the production of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by stimulated THP-1 cells, a human monocyte cell line, was inhibited by ozenoxacin at concentrations from 1 to 30 μg ml−1. The production of IL-1β by THP-1 was also inhibited by ozenoxacin at the concentration of 30 μg ml−1. Phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and degradation of IκB-α, an inhibitory factor of NF-κB in keratinocytes and THP-1 cells, was increased by stimulation with heat-killed C. acnes. Of these activated intracellular pathways, the p38 phosphorylation pathway was remarkably reduced by ozenoxacin in both keratinocytes and THP-1 cells. In addition, the application of 2% ozenoxacin suppressed the increase in the ear thickness of rats induced by an intracutaneous injection of heat-killed C. acnes. These findings suggest that ozenoxacin possesses an anti-inflammatory activity, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects on inflammatory acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tabara
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan.
| | - Rie Tamura
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Sachi Mori
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Takamichi Kitano
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Koki Fujikawa
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Mika Fujikawa
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okamoto
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Shoji Kanayama
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Hideya Uratsuji
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ikeda
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Matsumoto
- Maruho Co., Ltd, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto Research Park, Bldg. #5, 93 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
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López Y, Tato M, Gargallo-Viola D, Cantón R, Vila J, Zsolt I. Mutant prevention concentration of ozenoxacin for quinolone-susceptible or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223326. [PMID: 31596898 PMCID: PMC6785070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozenoxacin (OZN) belongs to a new generation of non-fluorinated quinolones for the topical treatment of skin infections which has shown to be effective in the treatment of susceptible and resistant Gram-positive cocci. The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of ozenoxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was determined in quinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis with different profile of mutation in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR). The MPC value of OZN for the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain susceptible to quinolones, without mutations in QRDR, was 0.05 mg/L, being 280-fold lower than that observed with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. In methicillin-susceptible and–resistant S. aureus strains with mutations in the gyrA or/and grlA genes the MPC of OZN went from 0.1 to 6 mg/L, whereas the MPC of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was > 50 mg/L for the same strains. For methicillin-susceptible and–resistant S. epidermidis the results were similar to those abovementioned for S. aureus. According to our results, the MPC of OZN was far below the quantity of ozenoxacin achieved in the epidermal layer, suggesting that the in vivo selection of mutants, if it occurs, will take place at low frequency. Ozenoxacin is an excellent candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible and quinolone-resistant staphylococci isolated usually from skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y López
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tato
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Cantón
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vila
- Institute of Global Health of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Zsolt
- Medical Department, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, Spain
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Wren C, Bell E, Eiland LS. Ozenoxacin: A Novel Topical Quinolone for Impetigo. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52:1233-1237. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028018786510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the data supporting Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling of ozenoxacin and evaluate its place in therapy for impetigo. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (1966 to May 2018) and Google Scholar (2000 to May 2018) with the search terms ozenoxacin, T-3912, and GF-001001-00. Other resources included clinicaltrials.gov , the manufacturing product label, and the FDA website. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant English-language data from abstracts, phase 1 to 4 studies, and review articles were included. Data Synthesis: FDA labeling of ozenoxacin was based on 2 phase 3 studies conducted in patients 2 months of age and older. Ozenoxacin demonstrated efficacy and safety for use in bullous or nonbullous impetigo from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes as compared with placebo. The lack of systemic absorption results in minimal adverse drug reactions. Studies did not detect possible adverse events commonly associated with other quinolone antibiotics. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This topical quinolone has bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ozenoxacin may have an expanded clinical role for the treatment of localized impetigo if resistance to current therapies increases significantly. However, ozenoxacin is unlikely to play a significant role in the treatment of impetigo in the foreseeable future, because of lack of direct comparative clinical efficacy data with currently recommended therapies and likely high cost. Conclusions: Ozenoxacin, the first nonfluorinated quinolone, is a safe, topical treatment for impetigo in patients 2 months of age and older. Although clinical trials demonstrate efficacy compared with placebo, comparative trials to current treatment options are needed to identify its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Bell
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Lea S. Eiland
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL, USA
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Tarragó C, Esquirol LP, Arañó A, Lachamp L, D'Aniello F, Zsolt I. Therapeutic efficacy of ozenoxacin in animal models of dermal infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:21-30. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess different concentrations and formulations of topical ozenoxacin using a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus dermal infection for identification of the best formulation for treating patients with impetigo. Materials & methods: The efficacy of ozenoxacin formulations was compared with vehicle control, mupirocin and retapamulin ointments in a mouse model. Results: The most effective concentrations of ozenoxacin for reducing S. aureus counts after dermal application were 1 and 2%. Direct comparison of two batches of 1% ozenoxacin ointment and cream with 1% retapamulin and 2% mupirocin ointments in the mouse model showed superior efficacy of ozenoxacin. Conclusion: 1% ozenoxacin ointment and cream were the most effective formulations in significantly reducing bacterial load in S. aureus dermally infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antònia Arañó
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Aplicado, SAL (CIDASAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fabiana D'Aniello
- Business Development & Innovation Department, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilonka Zsolt
- Medical Department, Ferrer Internacional, Barcelona, Spain
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Bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effect of ozenoxacin against Propionibacterium acnes. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:374-380. [PMID: 28389164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ozenoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated topical quinolone, is used for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japan. We investigated bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of ozenoxacin against Propionibacterium acnes, a major causative bacterium of acne vulgaris. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ozenoxacin against 3 levofloxacin-susceptible strains (MIC of levofloxacin; ≤4 μg/mL) and 3 levofloxacin-resistant strains (MIC of levofloxacin; ≥8 μg/mL) ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 μg/mL and from 0.25 to 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. These MICs of ozenoxacin were almost the same or lower than nadifloxacin and clindamycin. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of ozenoxacin against the levofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant strains were from 0.06 to 8 μg/mL and from 0.5 to 4 μg/mL, respectively. These MBCs were lower than those of nadifloxacin and clindamycin. In time-kill assay, ozenoxacin at 1/4, 1 and 4 times the respective MIC against both levofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant strains showed a concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. Ozenoxacin at 4 times the MICs against the levofloxacin-susceptible strains showed more potent and more rapid onset of bactericidal activity compared to nadifloxacin and clindamycin at 4 times the respective MICs. The PAEs of ozenoxacin at 4 times the MICs against the levofloxacin-susceptible strains were from 3.3 to 17.1 h, which were almost the same or longer than nadifloxacin and clindamycin. In contrast, the PAEs were hardly induced by any antimicrobial agents against the levofloxacin-resistant strains. The present findings suggest that ozenoxacin has a potent bactericidal activity against both levofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant P. acnes, and a long-lasting PAE against levofloxacin-susceptible P. acnes.
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Kanayama S, Ikeda F, Okamoto K, Nakajima A, Matsumoto T, Ishii R, Amano A, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto S. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozenoxacin against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from clinical cutaneous specimens in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:720-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nakajima A, Ikeda F, Kanayama S, Okamoto K, Matsumoto T, Ishii R, Fujikawa A, Takei K, Kawashima M. Antimicrobial activities of ozenoxacin against isolates of propionibacteria and staphylococci from Japanese patients with acne vulgaris. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:745-750. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakajima
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ikeda
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Shoji Kanayama
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okamoto
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Matsumoto
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Ishii
- Strategic Research Planning & Management Department, Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., 93 Awata-cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Akira Fujikawa
- Clinical Development Department, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kawashima
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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