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Lambert-Niclot S, Boyd A, Fofana D, Valin N, Wirden M, Meynard JL, Palich R, Agher R, Valantin MA, Calvez V, Katlama C, Girard PM, Marcelin AG, Morand-Joubert L. INSTI-Based Triple Regimens in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients Are Associated With HIV-RNA Viral Load Suppression at Ultralow Levels. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz177. [PMID: 31123690 PMCID: PMC6524833 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1-infected patients may present with ultralow (UL) HIV-RNA viral loads (VLs) below quantification levels of current assays. Reasons for UL-VL detection and its relation to virological rebound (VR) are unclear. Methods HIV-1-infected, ART-naïve patients followed at 2 university hospitals were included. All participants had an HIV-RNA >200 copies/mL at ART initiation and achieved a VL <50 copies/mL during ART. UL-VL was determined by the presence/absence of polymerase chain reaction signal detected using a commercially available assay (COBAS, TaqMan, Roche). Random-effects Poisson regression was used for assessing determinants of UL-VL not detected overtime and conditional risk set analysis for VR (1 VL > 200 copies/mL or 2 VL > 50 copies/mL) while accounting for frequency of VL measurements. Results Between 2009 and 2013, 717 patients initiated ART containing 2 nucleos(-t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus a non-NRTI (29.4%), a protease inhibitor (58.4%), or an integrase-strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI; 12.1%). During a median (interquartile range) 3.4 (2.3–4.6) years, 676 (94.3%) patients achieved UL-VL not detected. In multivariable analysis, UL-VL not detected overtime was associated with younger age (P < .001), female gender (P = .04), lower baseline VL (P < .001), baseline CD4+ >500 vs <350/mm3 (P < .001), and INSTI-containing ART (P = .009). One hundred thirty-one (18.3%) patients had VR during follow-up, which was independently associated with a CD4/CD8 ratio <0.8 during follow-up (P = .01) and time spent with UL-VL not detected (P < .001). When UL-VL not detected occurred for ≥50% of the follow-up duration (n = 290), faster time to reach UL-VL not detected (P < .001), faster CD4+ T-cell count increase (P = .03), and faster CD4/CD8 ratio increase (P = .001) were observed. Conclusions VL suppression at an ultralow level is associated with INSTI-class ART initiation. Extensive VL suppression below ultralow detection could improve immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Lambert-Niclot
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Anders Boyd
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Djeneba Fofana
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Valin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Marc Wirden
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Meynard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Romain Palich
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Rachid Agher
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Morand-Joubert
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
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