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Heat stress of gilts around farrowing causes oxygen insufficiency in the umbilical cord and reduces piglet survival. Animal 2022; 16:100668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Mannose Oligosaccharides on the Body Condition, Lactation Performance and Their Offspring of Heat-Stressed Sows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111397. [PMID: 35681861 PMCID: PMC9179884 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) on the condition of the body and the reproductive and lactation performances of sows. Eighty pregnant sows were randomly assigned to four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design: with or without MOS (1 g/kg) and with or without heat stress (HS) challenge. The temperature in the HS groups (HS and HM group) was controlled at 31.56 ± 1.22 °C, while the temperature in the active cooling (AC) groups (AC and AM group) was controlled at 23.49 ± 0.72 °C. The weight loss of sows in the AC group was significantly lower than that of sows in the HS group (p < 0.01). The weight and backfat thickness loss of sows supplemented with MOS displayed a downward trend. The average birth weight of the litter significantly increased in the HM group (basic diet + MOS) compared with the HS group (p < 0.05). The milk protein of sows significantly decreased under the HS condition at 2 and 12 h after delivery (p < 0.05). However, the milk immunoglobin G (IgG) of sows in the HS group increased significantly compared with that of sows in the HM group (p < 0.05) at 12 and 24 h after delivery. The levels of serum urea nitrogen (UREA) and glucose (GLU) decreased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05), while the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MOS also significantly reduced TNF-α under the AC conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS significantly affected the body condition, lactation performances and their offspring of sows. However, dietary supplementation with 1 g/kg MOS did not result in statistically significant changes.
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Tajudeen H, Moturi J, Hosseindoust A, Ha S, Mun J, Choi Y, Sa S, Kim J. Effects of various Cooling Methods and Drinking Water Temperatures on Reproductive Performance and Behavior in Heat Stressed Sows. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:782-791. [PMID: 35969713 PMCID: PMC9353355 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of multiple cooling systems
and different drinking water temperatures (DWT) on the performance of sows and
their hair cortisol levels during heat stress. In this study, the effect of four
different cooling systems: air conditioner (AC), cooling pad (CP), snout cooling
(SC), and mist spray (MS), and two DWT, namely low water temperature (LWT) and
high water temperature (HWT) on 48 multiparous sows (Landrace ×
Yorkshire; 242.84 ± 2.89 kg) was tested. The experiment is based on the
use of eight replicas during a 21-days test. Different behaviors were recorded
under different cooling treatments in sows. As a result, behaviors such as
drinking, standing, and position change were found to be lower in sows under the
AC and CP treatments than in those under the SC and MS treatments. Lying
behavior increased under the AC and CP systems as compared with that under the
SC and MS, systems. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) in sows and weight at
weaning in piglets was higher under the AC, CP, and LWT treatments than under
the SC, MS and HWT treatments. Sows subjected to SC and MS treatment showed
higher hair cortisol levels, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate during
lactation than those under AC and CP treatments. Hair cortisol levels, rectal
temperature, and respiratory rate were also higher under the HWT than under the
LWT treatment. As per the results of this study, the LWT has no significant
effect on any of the behavioral factors. Taken together, the use of AC and CP
cooling treatment is highly recommended to improve the behavior and to reduce
the stress levels in lactating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of
Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - SooJin Sa
- Swine Division, National Institute of
Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
- Corresponding author: SooJin Sa, Swine
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea. Tel: +82-41-580-3450, E-mail:
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: JinSoo Kim,
Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8616, E-mail:
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Xiong L, Zhang W, Zhao H, Tian Z, Ren M, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Dietary Supplementation of Enzymatically Treated Artemisia annua L. Improves Lactation Performance, Alleviates Inflammatory Response of Sows Reared Under Heat Stress, and Promotes Gut Development in Preweaning Offspring. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:843673. [PMID: 35400113 PMCID: PMC8990795 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L., which is known for its antimalarial compound artemisinin, has commonly been used for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. Enzymatically treating Artemisia annua L. can improve its bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. (EA) supplementation in late gestation and lactation diets on sow performance, serum hormone, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulin level of heat-stressed sows. A total of 135 multiparous sows (Large White × Landrace) on day 85 of gestation were selected and randomly distributed into 3 groups with 45 replicates per group. The control group was reared under standard conditions (temperature: 27.12 ± 0.18°C, THI (temperature-humidity index): 70.90 ± 0.80) and fed with basal diet. The heat stress (HS) and HS + EA groups were raised in heat-stressed conditions (temperature: 30.11 ± 0.16°C, THI: 72.70 ± 0.60) and fed with basal diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg EA, respectively. This trial lasted for 50 consecutive days until day 21 of lactation. Compared with the control group, HS increased the concentrations of serum endotoxin and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), and inflammatory cytokines in serum, colostrum, and 14 day milk of sows. Meanwhile, the EA supplementation decreased levels of serum endotoxin, HSP-70, and inflammatory cytokines in both sows and offspring and increased serum triiodothyronine (T3) level and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows. In addition, EA significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and altered intestinal morphology with an increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum of piglets. Collectively, EA supplementation at 1.0 g/kg in late gestation and lactation diets alleviated the adverse effects of HS, which were reflected by enhancing ADFI and decreasing endotoxin as well as inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and colostrum of heat-stressed sows, while promoting ADG and gut development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenFei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZheZhe Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WuTai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: WuTai Guan
| | - ShiHai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- ShiHai Zhang
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Johnson JS, Jansen TL, Galvin M, Field TC, Graham JR, Stwalley RM, Schinckel AP. Electronically controlled cooling pads can improve litter growth performance and indirect measures of milk production in heat-stressed lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6473461. [PMID: 34932814 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) decreases lactation output in sows due to an attempt to reduce metabolic heat production. However, this negatively affects litter growth performance. Therefore, the study objective was to determine whether electronically controlled cooling pads (ECP) would improve indirect measures of lactation output (e.g., total heat production; THP) and litter growth performance in HS exposed sows. Over two repetitions, 12 multiparous (2.69 ± 0.85) lactating sows [265.4 ± 26.1 kg body weight (BW)] and litters were assigned to either an ECP (n = 3/repetition) or a non-functional ECP (NECP; n = 3/repetition) and placed into farrowing crates within indirect calorimeters from d 3.7 ± 0.5 to d 18.7 ± 0.5 of lactation. Litters were standardized across all sows (11.4 ± 0.7 piglets/litter), and sows were provided ad libitum feed and water. All sows were exposed to cyclical HS (28.27 ± 0.26°C nighttime to 33.09 ± 0.19°C daytime). On d 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, indirect calorimetry was performed on each individual sow and litter to determine THP and THP/kg BW 0.75. Body temperature (TB) was measured hourly using vaginal implants, and respiration rate [RR; breaths per minute (bpm)] was measured daily at 0700, 1100, 1300, 1500, and 1900 hrs. Sow feed intake (FI) was assessed daily. Litter weights were obtained at birth, on d 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, and at weaning. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with sow and/or litter as the experimental unit. An overall decrease (P < 0.01; 25 bpm) in RR and maximum daily TB (P = 0.02; 0.40°C) was observed in ECP versus NECP sows. An increase in THP (P < 0.01; 20.4%) and THP/kg BW 0.75 (P < 0.01; 23.1%) was observed for ECP when compared to NECP sows and litters. Litter average daily gain and weaning weight was increased (P < 0.05; 25.0 and 19.2%, respectively) for ECP versus NECP litters. No FI differences were observed (P = 0.40) when comparing ECP (5.66 ± 0.31 kg/d) and NECP (5.28 ± 0.31 kg/d) sows. In summary, ECPs improve litter growth, thermoregulatory measures, and bioenergetic parameters associated with greater milk production in lactating sows exposed to cyclical HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Taylor L Jansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michaiah Galvin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tyler C Field
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason R Graham
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert M Stwalley
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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