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Zhao X, Peng X, Wang Z, Zheng X, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Yuan D, Liu Y, Du J. MicroRNAs in Small Extracellular Vesicles from Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Plasma Associated with Fetal Palate Development in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17173. [PMID: 38139002 PMCID: PMC10743272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is a common congenital birth defect. Cellular and morphological processes change dynamically during palatogenesis, and any disturbance in this process could result in CP. However, the molecular mechanisms steering this fundamental phase remain unclear. One study suggesting a role for miRNAs in palate development via maternal small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) drew our attention to their potential involvement in palatogenesis. In this study, we used an in vitro model to determine how SEVs derived from amniotic fluid (ASVs) and maternal plasma (MSVs) influence the biological behaviors of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells and medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells; we also compared time-dependent differential expression (DE) miRNAs in ASVs and MSVs with the DE mRNAs in palate tissue from E13.5 to E15.5 to study the dynamic co-regulation of miRNAs and mRNAs during palatogenesis in vivo. Our results demonstrate that some pivotal biological activities, such as MEPM proliferation, migration, osteogenesis, and MEE apoptosis, might be directed, in part, by stage-specific MSVs and ASVs. We further identified interconnected networks and key miRNAs such as miR-744-5p, miR-323-5p, and miR-3102-5p, offering a roadmap for mechanistic investigations and the identification of early CP biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xige Zhao
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xia Peng
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijia Wang
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Beijing 100050, China;
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Rather HA, Almousa S, Craft S, Deep G. Therapeutic efficacy and promise of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102088. [PMID: 37827304 PMCID: PMC10842260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) refers to a variety of heterogeneous nanovesicles secreted by almost all cell types, primarily for intercellular communication and maintaining cellular homeostasis. The role of EVs has been widely reported in the genesis and progression of multiple pathological conditions, and these vesicles are suggested to serve as 'liquid biopsies'. In addition to their use as biomarkers, EVs secreted by specific cell types, especially with stem cell properties, have shown promise as cell-free nanotherapeutics. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) have been increasingly used as an attractive alternative to stem cell therapies and have been reported to promote regeneration of aging-associated tissue loss and function. SC-EVs treatment ameliorates brain and peripheral aging, reproductive dysfunctions and inhibits cellular senescence, thereby reversing several aging-related disorders and dysfunctions. The anti-aging therapeutic potential of SC-EVs depends on multiple factors, including the type of stem cells, the age of the source stem cells, and their physiological state. In this review, we briefly describe studies related to the promising effects of SC-EVs against various aging-related pathologies, and then we focus in-depth on the therapeutic benefits of SC-EVs against Alzheimer's disease, one of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases in elderly individuals. Numerous studies in transgenic mouse models have reported the usefulness of SC-EVs in targeting the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, leading to improved neuronal protection, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive measures. Cell culture studies have further identified the underlying molecular mechanisms through which SC-EVs reduce amyloid beta (Aβ) levels or shift microglia phenotype from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory state. Interestingly, multiple routes of administration, including nasal delivery, have confirmed that SC-EVs could cross the blood-brain barrier. Due to this, SC-EVs have also been tested to deliver specific therapeutic cargo molecule/s (e.g., neprilysin) to the brain. Despite these promises, several challenges related to quality control, scalability, and biodistribution remain, hindering the realization of the vast clinical promise of SC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Rather
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Atirum Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Gopalakrishnan J, Feistel K, Friedrich BM, Grapin‐Botton A, Jurisch‐Yaksi N, Mass E, Mick DU, Müller R, May‐Simera H, Schermer B, Schmidts M, Walentek P, Wachten D. Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113891. [PMID: 37743763 PMCID: PMC10620770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context-dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Human Genetics, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversitätUniversitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Feistel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Anne Grapin‐Botton
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune SystemUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Roman‐Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helen May‐Simera
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Walentek
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Renal Division, Internal Medicine IV, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
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Tsitsipatis D, Martindale JL, Mazan‐Mamczarz K, Herman AB, Piao Y, Banskota N, Yang J, Cui L, Anerillas C, Chang M, Kaileh M, Munk R, Yang X, Ubaida‐Mohien C, Chia CW, Karikkineth AC, Zukley L, D'Agostino J, Abdelmohsen K, Basisty N, De S, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Transcriptomes of human primary skin fibroblasts of healthy individuals reveal age-associated mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13915. [PMID: 37462262 PMCID: PMC10652340 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the transcriptomes of human tissues with advancing age are poorly cataloged. Here, we sought to identify the coding and long noncoding RNAs present in cultured primary skin fibroblasts collected from 82 healthy individuals across a wide age spectrum (22-89 years old) who participated in the GESTALT (Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing) study of the National Institute on Aging, NIH. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing and a linear regression model, we identified 1437 coding RNAs (mRNAs) and 1177 linear and circular long noncoding (lncRNAs) that were differentially abundant as a function of age. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed select transcription factors implicated in coordinating the transcription of subsets of differentially abundant mRNAs, while long noncoding RNA enrichment analysis (LncSEA) identified RNA-binding proteins predicted to participate in the age-associated lncRNA profiles. In summary, we report age-associated changes in the global transcriptome, coding and noncoding, from healthy human skin fibroblasts and propose that these transcripts may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krystyna Mazan‐Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jen‐Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Linna Cui
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ming‐Wen Chang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ceereena Ubaida‐Mohien
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Chee W. Chia
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ajoy C. Karikkineth
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Linda Zukley
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jarod D'Agostino
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Abstract
Cilia sense and transduce sensory stimuli, homeostatic cues and developmental signals by orchestrating signaling reactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that bud from the ciliary membrane have well-studied roles in the disposal of excess ciliary material, most dramatically exemplified by the shedding of micrometer-sized blocks by photoreceptors. Shedding of EVs by cilia also affords cells with a powerful means to shorten cilia. Finally, cilium-derived EVs may enable cell-cell communication in a variety of organisms, ranging from single-cell parasites and algae to nematodes and vertebrates. Mechanistic understanding of EV shedding by cilia is an active area of study, and future progress may open the door to testing the function of ciliary EV shedding in physiological contexts. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that drive the shedding of ciliary material into the extracellular space, the consequences of shedding for the donor cell and the possible roles that ciliary EVs may have in cell non-autonomous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Maxence V. Nachury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
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Inaba M, Ridwan SM, Antel M. Removal of cellular protrusions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:126-134. [PMID: 35260295 PMCID: PMC9378436 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communications are central to a variety of physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms. Cells often rely on cellular protrusions to communicate with one another, which enable highly selective and efficient signaling within complex tissues. Owing to significant improvements in imaging techniques, identification of signaling protrusions has increased in recent years. These protrusions are structurally specialized for signaling and facilitate interactions between cells. Therefore, physical regulation of these structures must be key for the appropriate strength and pattern of signaling outcomes. However, the typical approaches for understanding signaling regulation tend to focus solely on changes in signaling molecules, such as gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and degradation. In this short review, we summarize the studies proposing the removal of different types of signaling protrusions-including cilia, neurites, MT (microtubule based)-nanotubes and microvilli-and discuss their mechanisms and significance in signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Tereshko L, Turrigiano GG, Sengupta P. Primary cilia in the postnatal brain: Subcellular compartments for organizing neuromodulatory signaling. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102533. [PMID: 35405626 PMCID: PMC9167775 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia have well characterized roles in early brain development, relaying signals critical for neurogenesis and brain formation during embryonic stages. Less understood are the contributions of cilia-mediated signaling to postnatal brain function. Several cilia-localized receptors that bind neuropeptides and neurotransmitters endogenous to the brain have been identified in adult neurons, but the functional significance of signaling through these cilia-localized receptors is largely unexplored. Ciliopathic disorders in humans often manifest with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cognitive deficits. Intriguingly, recent research has also linked several neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases to ciliary dysfunction. This review summarizes recent evidence suggesting that cilia signaling may dynamically regulate postnatal neuronal physiology and connectivity, and highlights possible links among cilia, neuronal circuitry, neuron survival, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tereshko
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454,Current address: Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Gina G. Turrigiano
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454,Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Transcription of the Envelope Protein by 1-L Protein–RNA Recognition Code Leads to Genes/Proteins That Are Relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Pathogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:791-816. [PMID: 35723340 PMCID: PMC8928949 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical protein–RNA recognition code was used in this study to research the compatibility of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (E) with mRNAs in the human transcriptome. According to a review of the literature, the spectrum of identified genes showed that the virus post-transcriptionally promotes or represses the genes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. The identified genes/proteins are also involved in adaptive immunity, in the function of the cilia and wound healing (EMT and MET) in the pulmonary epithelial tissue, in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and in type 2 diabetes. For example, the E-protein promotes BHLHE40, which switches off the IL-10 inflammatory “brake” and inhibits antiviral THαβ cells. In the viral cycle, E supports the COPII-SCAP-SREBP-HSP90α transport complex by the lowering of cholesterol in the ER and by the repression of insulin signaling, which explains the positive effect of HSP90 inhibitors in COVID-19 (geldanamycin), and E also supports importin α/β-mediated transport to the nucleus, which explains the positive effect of ivermectin, a blocker of importins α/β. In summary, transcription of the envelope protein by the 1-L protein–RNA recognition code leads to genes/proteins that are relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and pathogenesis.
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Extracellular Vesicles and Ciliogenesis as Novel Targets to Stop Opioid Tolerance. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:e39-e40. [PMID: 34556206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hanayama R. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in physiology and disease. J Biochem 2021; 169:135-138. [PMID: 33231609 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are small membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types and are abundant in blood, body fluids, such as urine, spinal fluid, tears and saliva, and cell culture media. From an evolutionary perspective, they are biologically significant as a means for expelling unwanted cellular contents. Recently, EVs have received considerable attention as messengers of intercellular communication networks, allowing the exchange of proteins and lipids between the cells producing them and target cells that trigger various cellular responses. EVs also carry mRNAs and microRNAs inside them, transferring genetic information among cells. In addition, the expression pattern of these molecules is related to the cellular state and the progression of diseases, and the search for biomarkers within the EV is underway in many research fields. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of EVs remain largely elusive. Therefore, in this special issue, we have compiled reviews of the latest research findings on EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikinari Hanayama
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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